阅读说明：本技术 一种可用于滑板板面的三维中空织物树脂复合板的制作方法 (Manufacturing method of three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board capable of being used for skateboard surface ) 是由 张邱平 边丽娟 兰红艳 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种一种可用于滑板板面的三维中空织物树脂复合板的制作方法、及其产品和应用,采用细度为1000D的凯夫拉纤维、玻璃纤维和碳纤维中的任一种或其组合,包括：1)纤维原料上浆、2)三维中空机织物样品制备、3)织物界面处理以及4)样品织物与环氧树脂复合,制得三维中空织物环氧树脂复合板。本发明三维中空织物为柔性材料,无论滑板板面选择何种形状与厚度,都可以在织造以及树脂固化定型的时候选择合适的工艺以及模具进行制作,且一次成型,方法简便。本发明三维中空织物树脂复合板无论是空心板还是实心板能完全满足滑板板面性能要求,且实心板的物理性能是空心板的10倍以上,可用于成人板式和专业比赛板式。(The invention provides a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board for a skateboard surface, a product and an application thereof, wherein any one or a combination of Kevlar fiber, glass fiber and carbon fiber with the fineness of 1000D is adopted, and the method comprises the following steps: 1) sizing fiber raw materials, 2) preparing a three-dimensional hollow machine fabric sample, 3) processing a fabric interface, and 4) compounding the sample fabric and epoxy resin to obtain the three-dimensional hollow fabric epoxy resin composite board. The three-dimensional hollow fabric is made of flexible materials, and no matter what shape and thickness of the board surface of the sliding board are selected, a proper process and a proper mold can be selected for manufacturing during weaving and resin curing and shaping, and the three-dimensional hollow fabric is formed in one step, so that the method is simple and convenient. The three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board can completely meet the performance requirements of the surface of the sliding board no matter the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board is a hollow board or a solid board, and the physical performance of the solid board is more than 10 times that of the hollow board, so that the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board can be used for adult boards and professional match boards.)

1. A method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board adopts fiber raw materials, is characterized in that the used fiber raw materials are any one or the combination of Kevlar fibers with the fineness of 1000D, glass fibers and carbon fibers, and comprises the following steps:

1) sizing fiber raw materials: before weaving the fiber raw material, carrying out single yarn sizing on the fiber raw material by using aqueous epoxy resin suspension, and winding and forming the sized fiber raw material for later use;

2) three-dimensional hollow woven fabric sample: preparing according to parameter requirements, selecting a multi-warp beam active let-off loom to make a sample, and enabling the warp density of root/10 cm to be 150+150+150 and the weft density to be the maximum; obtaining a three-dimensional hollow woven fabric sample with the specification of 5 +/-0.5 mm in thickness, not less than 50cm in breadth and 4.5m in effective length;

3) fabric interface treatment: firstly, a fabric sample is flatly paved in an equipment cavity, a cabin door is closed to start equipment, the fabric is dried and vacuumized, and after vacuumizing is finished, technological parameters are called to carry out interface treatment: under the oxygen atmosphere, the discharge power is 250W, the vacuum degree of the back bottom is 60Pa, and after the working time is 60s, the fabric is taken out for the next working procedure for standby;

4) compounding a sample fabric with epoxy resin: and stirring and mixing the epoxy resin and the curing agent according to the mass ratio of 100/85, and then uniformly brushing the mixture on the surface of the fabric sample until the mixture is completely soaked to prepare the three-dimensional hollow fabric epoxy resin composite board which is an epoxy resin hollow board or a solid board and has the surface Shore hardness of 70 +/-2.

2. The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board according to claim 1, wherein the fiber raw material is Kevlar fiber with a fiber fineness of 1000D and a twist degree of 300; or the blending of carbon fiber with the fiber fineness of 1000D and glass fiber, single yarn sizing and no twisting.

3. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 1), the sizing is: sizing at 70 ℃ and the sizing speed is 12 m/min.

4. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board for a skateboard deck according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 2), both the warp and weft yarns are Kevlar fibers, the transmission ratio of the ground warp and the pile warp is adjusted according to the required thickness of the fabric, the transmission ratio of the pile warp is =1:2, and the thickness of the fabric sample is 5 ± 0.5 mm.

5. The method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step 2), glass fiber is used as warp yarn, carbon fiber is used as weft yarn, or glass fiber is used as warp yarn and weft yarn, and the thickness of the fabric sample is 5 +/-0.5 mm.

6. The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the epoxy resin and the curing agent are stirred and mixed according to the mass ratio of 100/85, and then vacuum defoamation is carried out for half an hour to obtain an epoxy resin mixture for later use.

7. The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that in the step 3), after the epoxy resin mixture is coated on the fabric, the fabric is placed in an oven and hung for one hour at normal temperature, then vacuumized, heated to 110 ℃ for 1 hour at 90 ℃ for 2 hours, finally heated to 130 ℃ for 4 hours, the oven is turned off and naturally cooled, the vacuum is broken, the molded preform is taken out, and the molded preform is molded in a mold to obtain the hollow board.

8. The method for manufacturing the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board according to claim 1 or 6, wherein in the step 3), after the epoxy resin mixture is coated on the fabric, when a solid board is poured in vacuum, the solid board is firstly poured in a vacuum environment at 90 ℃ for 2 hours, then the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ for 1 hour, and finally the solid board is poured in a vacuum environment at 130 ℃ for 4 hours, the oven is turned off for natural cooling, the vacuum is broken, the formed prefabricated member is taken out, and the solid board is obtained through negative pressure forming.

9. A three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite panel obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. The use of the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite plate according to claim 9, wherein the plate surface for the skateboard comprises at least a U-pool plate surface of 22cm or more, a plate of about 19cm equipped with a small wheel, or a skateboard plate surface of 20cm x 80cm in size.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite plate for a skateboard surface.

Background

The skateboard mainly comprises a board surface, sand paper, a bracket, PU, wheels, a bridge end nut, a bridge nail, a cushion pad, a bearing and the like. The skateboard deck is the most important part of the skateboard components. Generally, five-layer, seven-layer and nine-layer maple boards are subjected to microwave cold pressing. The selection of the board surface has great influence on the performance of the skateboard. The thickness of the surface of a standard sliding plate is about 10mm, and the unit gram weight is 15 Kg/m²Left and right.

Most skateboard decks are made of seven layers of maple, and in recent years there have been fiberglass and bamboo, with the goal of making the deck more durable, longer lasting or lighter in weight.

For example, the skateboard deck is comprised of seven maple wood layers and an additional fiberglass layer on top to provide greater durability to the skateboard.

For another example: the construction of the P2 skateboard deck includes six layers of conventional maple and a top layer of oval Kevlar (Kevlar) fiber. Thus, the P2 deck is stronger, lighter, and thinner than conventional skateboard decks. Furthermore, the Kevlar material ensures better distribution of the impact forces, thereby extending the service life.

Among fiber raw materials, for example: kevlar fiber, glass fiber and carbon fiber, and the glass fiber and the carbon fiber are easy to rub, fluff and break in the weaving process, are difficult to weave and have more weaving defects on the cloth surface.

Interfacial treatment can greatly improve the bonding of the fabric to the resin. Since the interface state has a great influence on the sizing rate and the performance of the composite after sizing, each composite requires appropriate interface bonding strength. Interface bonding is poor, most of the interior of the material is in shear failure, and phenomena such as fiber debonding, fiber pulling-out, fiber stress relaxation and the like can be observed on a cross section; the interface bonding is too strong, the preform will fracture brittle, and the overall performance of the composite will also be reduced.

The resin-based composite material (or called glass fiber reinforced plastic) is a base material in composite materials, has the advantages of light weight, high strength, convenient processing and forming, excellent elasticity, good chemical corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, automobiles, electronic and electrical appliances, buildings and the like. The resin-based composite material has more forming methods, and China mainly uses hand lay-up forming, which accounts for about 80%. The hand lay-up forming has the characteristics of simple operation and less equipment investment, and easily meets the design requirements of various shapes and sizes.

The epoxy resin has high strength, can be prepared into coatings, composite materials, casting materials, adhesives, mould pressing materials and injection molding materials, and is widely applied to various fields of national life.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: provides a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite plate.

Yet another object of the present invention is to: provides the product obtained by the preparation method.

Yet another object of the present invention is to: the use of said product is provided.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme: a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board adopts fiber raw materials, the used fiber raw materials are any one or combination of Kevlar fibers, glass fibers and carbon fibers with the fineness of 1000D, and the method comprises the following steps:

1) sizing fiber raw materials: before weaving the fiber raw material, carrying out single yarn sizing on the fiber raw material by using aqueous epoxy resin suspension, and winding and forming the sized fiber raw material for later use;

2) three-dimensional hollow woven fabric sample: preparing according to parameter requirements, selecting a multi-warp beam active let-off loom to make a sample, and enabling the warp density of root/10 cm to be 150+150+150 and the weft density to be the maximum; obtaining a three-dimensional hollow woven fabric sample with the specification of 5 +/-0.5 mm in thickness, not less than 50cm in breadth and 4.5m in effective length;

3) fabric interface treatment: firstly, a fabric sample is flatly paved in an equipment cavity, a cabin door is closed to start equipment, the fabric is dried and vacuumized, and after vacuumizing is finished, technological parameters are called to carry out interface treatment: under the oxygen atmosphere, the discharge power is 250W, the vacuum degree of the back bottom is 60Pa, and after the working time is 60s, the fabric is taken out for the next working procedure for standby;

4) compounding a sample fabric with epoxy resin: and stirring and mixing the epoxy resin and the curing agent according to the mass ratio of 100/85, and then uniformly brushing the mixture on the surface of the fabric sample until the mixture is completely soaked to prepare the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board which is an epoxy resin hollow board or a solid board and has the surface Shore hardness of 70 +/-2.

On the basis of the scheme, the fiber raw material adopts Kevlar fiber with the fiber fineness of 1000D, and the twist is 300 twists; or the blending of carbon fiber with the fiber fineness of 1000D and glass fiber, single yarn sizing and no twisting.

Further, in step 1), the sizing is: sizing at 70 ℃ and the sizing speed is 12 m/min.

In the step 2), both the warp and the weft adopt Kevlar fibers, the transmission ratio of the ground warp and the pile warp is adjusted according to the required thickness of the fabric, the transmission ratio of the pile warp is =1:2, and the thickness of the fabric sample is 5 +/-0.5 mm.

Or, in the step 2), glass fiber is used as warp yarn and carbon fiber is used as weft yarn, or glass fiber is used as warp yarn and weft yarn, and the thickness of the fabric sample is 5 +/-0.5 mm.

On the basis of the scheme, in the step 3), the epoxy resin and the curing agent are stirred and mixed according to the mass ratio of 100/85, and then vacuum defoaming is carried out for half an hour to obtain an epoxy resin mixture for later use.

Further, in the step 3), after the epoxy resin mixture is coated on the fabric, the fabric is placed into an oven to be hung for one hour at normal temperature, then the fabric is vacuumized, heated to 110 ℃ for 1 hour under the environment of 90 ℃ and finally heated to 130 ℃ for 4 hours, the oven is shut down to be naturally cooled, the vacuum is broken, the formed prefabricated member is taken out, and the hollow plate is obtained through mold feeding and forming.

Or, in the step 3), after the epoxy resin mixture is coated on the fabric, when the solid plate is vacuum-poured, the temperature is firstly increased to 90 ℃ for 2 hours, then is increased to 110 ℃ for 1 hour, and finally is increased to 130 ℃ for 4 hours, the oven is turned off for natural cooling, the vacuum is broken, the formed prefabricated member is taken out, and the solid plate is obtained through negative pressure forming.

The invention also provides a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board obtained by the manufacturing method.

The shore hardness of the surface of the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite plate provided by the invention is about 70, and the hardness is appropriate.

The invention also provides the application of the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board, which is used for the board surface of a sliding board and at least comprises a U pool board surface with the size of more than 22cm, a board with the size of about 19cm and provided with a small wheel, or the board surface of the sliding board with the size of 20cm x 80 cm.

The three-dimensional hollow fabric is made of flexible materials, and no matter what shape and thickness of the board surface of the sliding board are selected, a proper process and a proper mold can be selected for manufacturing during weaving and resin curing and shaping, and the three-dimensional hollow fabric is formed in one step, so that the method is simple and convenient. The three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board can completely meet the performance requirements of the surface of the sliding board no matter the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board is a hollow board or a solid board, and the physical performance of the solid board is more than 10 times that of the hollow board, so that the three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board can be used for adult boards and professional match boards. The double-layer composite board has stronger deformation resistance, and can carry out double-layer fabric resin compounding on the board with higher requirements.

Drawings

Fig. 1, weave pattern diagram, ground warp: pile warp =1:2, the thickness of the sample is 5 mm;

FIG. 2, sample plan view, FIG. 2a, sample 1 Kevlar fiber sample, FIG. 2b carbon fiber + glass fiber;

FIG. 3 is an epoxy core plate wherein (a) a Kevlar fiber epoxy core plate; (b) a carbon fiber and glass fiber epoxy resin hollow plate;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a vacuum infusion solid panel;

FIG. 5 is a vacuum infusion epoxy solid panel wherein (a) a Kevlar fiber epoxy solid panel; (b) carbon fiber + glass fiber epoxy solid board.

Detailed Description

A three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board adopts fiber raw materials, is characterized in that the used fiber raw materials are Kevlar fiber with the fineness of 1000D, glass fiber and carbon fiber, and is manufactured according to the following steps:

1) sizing fiber raw materials: before weaving fiber raw materials, carrying out single yarn sizing on aqueous epoxy resin suspension, wherein the used fiber raw materials comprise Kevlar fibers, glass fibers and carbon fibers, the glass fibers and the carbon fibers are easy to rub and fluff and break in the weaving process, so that single yarn sizing is needed, sizing liquid is selected from the aqueous epoxy resin suspension, the sizing temperature is 70 ℃, the sizing speed is 12m/min, and the sized fiber raw materials are wound and formed for later use;

2) three-dimensional hollow woven fabric sample: preparing according to parameter requirements, selecting a multi-warp beam active let-off loom to make a sample, and enabling the warp density of root/10 cm to be 150+150+150 and the weft density to be the maximum; obtaining a three-dimensional hollow woven fabric sample with the specification of 5 +/-0.5 mm in thickness, not less than 50cm in breadth and 4.5m in effective length; the sample preparation parameters are shown in table 1:

the three-dimensional hollow machine fabric can be produced by utilizing traditional textile equipment or improving the traditional textile machinery, a multi-beam active let-off loom is selected for sample production, the multi-beam active let-off loom is shown in figure 2, the multi-beam active let-off is realized, the let-off amount of each beam is independently controlled, the rotating speed and the rotating speed ratio of each beam are adjusted according to the required thickness of the fabric, when high-performance fibers are woven, a gear is changed at the position of a loom shear, and the fiber shearing is completed through the high-speed operation of the gear; during actual weaving, the weft density can be adjusted according to the fineness and the hardness of the yarns, but the cloth cover is required to reach the maximum tightness; the weave structure of the fabric is specified, as shown in fig. 1, the transfer ratio of the ground warp and pile warp is adjusted according to the required thickness of the fabric, the ground warp: pile warp =1:2, obtaining a sample with a sample thickness of 5 ± 0.5 mm; wherein the content of the first and second substances,

example 1 sample 1 was made with both warp and weft yarns using kevlar, as shown in figure 2a, with a smooth surface;

example 2, a sample 2 is prepared by using glass fiber as warp and carbon fiber as weft, as shown in fig. 2b, the carbon fiber and the glass fiber are subjected to friction fracture during warp sizing, the ground warp and the pile warp are difficult, the glass fiber and the carbon fiber are easy to break during weaving, the weaving is difficult, the cloth cover weaving defects are more, and the sample is rough;

3) fabric interface treatment was performed on samples 1, 2: firstly, a fabric sample is flatly paved in an equipment cavity, a cabin door is closed to start equipment, the fabric is dried and vacuumized, and after vacuumizing is finished, technological parameters are called to carry out interface treatment: under the oxygen atmosphere, the discharge power is 250W, the vacuum degree of the back bottom is 60Pa, and after the working time is 60s, the fabric is taken out for the next working procedure for standby;

4) compounding a sample fabric with epoxy resin: stirring and mixing the epoxy resin and the curing agent according to the mass ratio of 100/85, uniformly brushing the mixture on the surface of the fabric sample obtained in the step 3) until the mixture is completely soaked, placing the fabric sample in a vacuum oven for vacuumizing and defoaming for half an hour, and taking out the fabric sample for later use; preparing a three-dimensional hollow fabric resin composite board which is an epoxy resin hollow board or a solid board, wherein the epoxy resin hollow board is shown in figure 3, wherein (a) the Kevlar fiber epoxy resin hollow board; (b) a carbon fiber and glass fiber epoxy resin hollow plate;

specifically, the mixture of the epoxy resin and the curing agent is uniformly brushed on the surface of the sample fabric until the sample fabric is completely soaked, the sample fabric is placed in an oven and hung for one hour at normal temperature, then the vacuum pumping is carried out, the environment at 90 ℃ is carried out for 2 hours, then the temperature is raised to 110 ℃ for 1 hour, finally the environment at 130 ℃ is carried out for 4 hours, the oven is closed, the natural cooling is carried out, the vacuum breaking is carried out, and the formed prefabricated member is taken out. Table 2 shows the sizing ratio of the kevlar fabric and the carbon fiber + glass fiber fabric composite hollow board:

as can be seen from the above Table 2, the carbon fiber and glass fiber blended fabric has low unit gram weight but high sizing rate, and the carbon fiber has low specific strength but strongest adhesion capability to epoxy resin. After sizing, the unit gram weights of the Kevlar fiber, the carbon fiber and the glass fiber blended fabric are basically consistent.

Whether the glass fiber and the carbon fiber are woven or the pure glass fiber is woven, after the glass fiber and the carbon fiber are taken off the machine, the prepared sample needs to be trimmed, cleaned and dried.

The interface treatment can greatly improve the combination of the fabric and the resin, and each composite material requires proper interface combination strength because the interface state has great influence on the gluing rate of the composite material and the performance after gluing. Interface bonding is poor, most of the interior of the material is in shear failure, and phenomena such as fiber debonding, fiber pulling-out, fiber stress relaxation and the like can be observed on a cross section; the interface bonding is too strong, the preform will fracture brittle, and the overall performance of the composite will also be reduced. Repeated experiments prove that the method adopts the interface processing parameters in the better state, so that the prefabricated part can keep certain toughness and has the maximum fracture strength when being damaged under the action of external force.

The composite process comprises the following specific steps:

placing the epoxy resin in a vacuum oven at normal temperature, vacuumizing at-10 Pa, defoaming for half an hour, and taking out for later use, wherein the embodiment is the ultimate vacuum degree of equipment and the resin defoaming is carried out to the maximum extent; laying fiber fabric in a flat plate mould and vacuumizing, wherein the bottom plate and the upper pressing plate are made of toughened glass and internally attached with a demoulding material, and if the required plate is a special section, the mould can be customized according to the requirement.

The invention utilizes the negative pressure generated by the vacuum cavity to introduce epoxy resin at a constant speed, and fills a solid plate in vacuum, as shown in figure 4.

Through vacuum infusion, negative pressure generated by vacuumizing is utilized to apply pressure on the prefabricated part for forming during curing, residual air bubbles in the matrix are few, the interface bonding between the matrix and the fiber fabric is good, resin is uniformly distributed, and the method is suitable for forming of products cured at normal temperature.

When a solid plate is vacuum-poured, the temperature is firstly increased to 110 ℃ for 1 hour under the environment of 90 ℃, and finally the temperature is increased to 130 ℃ for 4 hours, the oven is closed to naturally cool, and the formed prefabricated member is taken out after vacuum breaking.

Fig. 5 shows a vacuum-poured epoxy resin solid plate, wherein the obtained kevlar fiber epoxy resin solid plate is shown in fig. 5 (a), and the carbon fiber + glass fiber epoxy resin solid plate is shown in fig. 5 (b).

The sizing rate, the thickness and the unit gram weight of the solid plate of the prefabricated part of the Kevlar fiber, carbon fiber and glass fiber blended fabric prepared by the process are shown in the table 3:

the thickness of the fabric composite solid plate surface is about 4.2mm, and the unit gram weight is 4.5 Kg/m²And on the left and right sides, the composite board is lighter than the traditional board surface by using single-layer or double-layer superposed fabrics.

Application example

The hollow board and the solid board of the Kevlar fiber, carbon fiber and glass fiber blended fabric prepared by the embodiment of the invention are respectively used for replacing a cold-pressed maple layer to prepare a skateboard surface, and the performance of the skateboard surface is tested, wherein the Shore hardness is about 70, and the test is shown in Table 4:

for skateboard deck, if the board is hard, it can perform its most, but it can become brittle. If the board is relatively soft, the performance is not well developed. The Shore hardness is 0-100, the surface hardness of the epoxy resin curing plate is about 70, and the hardness is proper.

The tensile property and the compression property are the most important performance indexes of the surface of the sliding plate. The size of the general skateboard is 20cm x 80cm, the maximum board bearing capacity of children is 100Kg, and the maximum board bearing capacity of adults is 300 Kg. Now, the physical properties of the surfaces of various composite boards were tested, as shown in table 5:

test results show that the compression and tensile properties of the four fabric resin composite boards completely meet the requirements of the board surface performance of the skateboard, and the physical properties of the solid board are more than 10 times of those of the hollow board, so that the solid board can be used for adult boards and professional match boards. The double-layer composite board has stronger deformation resistance, and can carry out double-layer fabric resin compounding on the board with higher requirements.

The head and the tail of the skateboard are tilted, the board with the size of more than 22cm can be basically the board of the U-pool, and the board can contain more soles and is more stable on the U-pool. The boards of about 19cm are mostly used under flat road conditions, and the boards are flexible and quick to act after being matched with small wheels.