阅读说明：本技术 一种自适应温度管理器件及其制备方法 (Self-adaptive temperature management device and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王德辉 张城林 邓旭 于 2021-09-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本公开提供一种自适应温度管理器件,包括透明的基底层、多孔层、封装片、浸润液体；多孔层是在所述基底层的顶面由纳米至微米级颗粒堆积而成的一层或多层结构；封装片围绕所述基底层的四周和顶部并与基底层围成腔室,该腔室容纳多孔层和浸润液体。本公开还提供自适应温度管理器件的制备方法和用途。本公开的自适应温度管理器件具有自适应性,可随着不同的环境条件自动达成光透过性和温度的调节,可快速响应光照、温度等环境条件的变化,并对太阳光谱各个波段均有较强的调节能力；器件制备方法简便,成本低廉。(The present disclosure provides a self-adaptive temperature management device comprising a transparent substrate layer, a porous layer, an encapsulation sheet, and an immersion liquid; the porous layer is a layer or a multilayer structure formed by accumulating nano-sized to micron-sized particles on the top surface of the substrate layer; the encapsulating sheet surrounds the periphery and the top of the substrate layer and encloses a chamber with the substrate layer, the chamber containing the porous layer and the impregnating liquid. The disclosure also provides methods of making and uses of the adaptive temperature management devices. The self-adaptive temperature management device disclosed by the invention has self-adaptability, can automatically adjust the light transmittance and the temperature along with different environmental conditions, can quickly respond to the changes of the environmental conditions such as illumination, temperature and the like, and has stronger adjusting capability on each wave band of a solar spectrum; the device has simple preparation method and low cost.)

1. An adaptive temperature management device, comprising a transparent substrate layer, a porous layer, an encapsulating sheet, and an impregnating liquid;

the porous layer is a layer or a multilayer structure formed by accumulating nano-sized to micron-sized particles on the top surface of the substrate layer;

the packaging sheet surrounds the periphery and the top of the substrate layer, the packaging sheet and the substrate layer enclose a cavity, and the cavity contains the porous layer and the infiltration liquid.

2. The adaptive temperature management device of claim 1, wherein the nano-to micro-scale particles are of a material selected from one or more of the group consisting of silica, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, aluminum sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethylmethacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, polystyrene.

3. An adaptive temperature management device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the nano-to micro-scale particles have a particle size in the range 300nm-5 μm.

4. The adaptive temperature management device of any of claims 1 to 3, wherein the volume of the immersion liquid contained within the chamber is between 1% and 5% of the volume of the chamber.

5. The adaptive temperature management device according to claim 1, wherein when the number of stacked layers of the porous layer is two, three, four or more layers, the difference in particle diameters of nano-to micro-sized particles of adjacent two layers is 0.3-2 μm.

6. The adaptive temperature management device of claim 1, wherein the material of the substrate layer is glass, quartz, plexiglass or polyethylene terephthalate.

7. The adaptive temperature management device of claim 1, wherein the difference between the refractive index of the immersion liquid and the refractive index of the nano-to micro-scale particles is within 0.05.

8. The adaptive temperature management device of claim 1, wherein:

the infiltrating liquid is carbon tetrachloride, and the nano-sized to micron-sized particles are silica particles; or

The infiltrating liquid is isopropanol, and the nano-sized to micron-sized particles are polytetrafluoroethylene particles; or

The infiltration liquid is ethylene glycol, and the nano-sized to micro-sized particles are aluminum sulfate particles.

9. Method for the preparation of an adaptive temperature management device according to any of claims 1-8, comprising the steps of:

cleaning and drying the substrate layer sheet;

dispersing nano-to micron-sized particles in a volatile liquid to prepare a dispersion, coating the dispersion on the base layer sheet, and volatilizing the volatile liquid to form a porous layer;

and packaging the periphery of the substrate layer sheet by using a peripheral packaging sheet, dripping the wetting liquid on the porous layer, and packaging the top of the substrate layer sheet by using a top packaging sheet.

10. Use of an adaptive temperature management device according to any of claims 1-8, comprising using the adaptive temperature management device as a building window component.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of intelligent devices, and particularly relates to a self-adaptive temperature management device, a preparation method of the device, and a method for realizing temperature management by using the device.

Background

In modern buildings, it is necessary to control the indoor temperature within the range of human comfort, i.e., to lower the temperature when the weather is hot and to raise the temperature when the weather is cold. The current commonly used temperature control mode mainly comprises the use of a fan, a floor heating device, an air conditioner and other devices. However, these methods consume a lot of energy, more than 30% of the world's energy is consumed for heating, cooling and ventilating, and the traditional temperature control method has a great influence on the environment, such as air pollution, water pollution and ozone layer reduction.

In order to adjust or manage indoor temperature changes in an energy-saving and environment-friendly manner, in the past decades, smart windows have been extensively studied, and are characterized in that dynamic regulation of light transmission is achieved by changing the chemical composition or material structure of the device itself through some external stimuli. The adjusting capability of the intelligent window can be realized by electrical, optical, mechanical and temperature stimulation, and the like, and materials corresponding to the stimulation conditions comprise V₂O₅Azobenzene, wrinkled PDMS, and temperature sensitive hydrogels. However, various problems still exist with the above materials or other composite materials currently used in smart window devices. For example, inorganic electrochromic V₂O₅Or WO₃The solar spectrum is poor in regulation and control effect, and the organic electrochromic PEDOT material is weak in ultraviolet aging resistance and cannot be used outdoors for a long time; the benzene photochromic material can only regulate and control light with the wave band of 400-800nm and cannot regulate and control the whole solar spectrum; the mechanically-regulated wrinkled PDMS also faces the problem that the sunlight of near-infrared wave bands cannot be regulated; temperature-sensitive hydrogel can be adjusted in a large range only by high temperature, and the intelligent window device cannot be passively cooled.

Therefore, the development of the light and temperature management device which can spontaneously adjust the whole solar spectrum according to the change of the external environment and has a faster modulation response speed has important significance for building energy conservation, privacy protection, heat camouflage and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

Problems to be solved by the invention

In view of the problems of high energy consumption, environmental pollution, limited range of adjusting spectral band, no aging resistance, harsh effective working conditions of devices and the like of the conventional indoor temperature adjusting and controlling device and method, the invention provides a self-adaptive temperature management device and a preparation and use method of the device, so as to solve one or more problems in the prior art.

Means for solving the problems

To achieve the above objects, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, comprising a transparent substrate layer, a porous layer, an encapsulation sheet, and an immersion liquid;

the porous layer is a layer or a multilayer structure formed by accumulating nano-sized to micron-sized particles on the top surface of the substrate layer;

the packaging sheet surrounds the periphery and the top of the substrate layer, the packaging sheet and the substrate layer enclose a cavity, and the cavity contains the porous layer and the infiltration liquid.

Further, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, wherein the nano-to micro-sized particles are made of one or more materials selected from the group consisting of silicon dioxide, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, aluminum sulfate, polytetrafluoroethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinylidene fluoride, and polystyrene.

Further, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, wherein the nano-to micro-sized particles have a particle size ranging from 300nm to 5 μm.

Further, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, wherein a volume of the immersion liquid contained within the chamber is 1-5% of a volume of the chamber.

Further, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, wherein when the number of stacked layers of the porous layer is two, three, four or more layers, the difference in particle size of nano-to micro-sized particles of adjacent two layers is 0.3 to 2 μm.

Further, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, wherein the material of the substrate layer is glass, quartz, plexiglass or polyethylene terephthalate.

Further, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, wherein a difference between a refractive index of the immersion liquid and a refractive index of the nano-to micro-scale particles is within 0.05.

Further, the present disclosure provides an adaptive temperature management device, wherein:

the infiltrating liquid is carbon tetrachloride, and the nano-sized to micron-sized particles are silica particles; or

The infiltrating liquid is isopropanol, and the nano-sized to micron-sized particles are polytetrafluoroethylene particles; or

The infiltration liquid is ethylene glycol, and the nano-sized to micro-sized particles are aluminum sulfate particles.

The present disclosure also provides a method for manufacturing a self-adaptive temperature management device, comprising the steps of:

cleaning and drying the substrate layer sheet;

dispersing nano-to micron-sized particles in a volatile liquid to prepare a dispersion, coating the dispersion on the base layer sheet, and volatilizing the volatile liquid to form a porous layer;

and packaging the periphery of the substrate layer sheet by using a peripheral packaging sheet, dripping the wetting liquid on the porous layer, and packaging the top of the substrate layer sheet by using a top packaging sheet.

The present disclosure also provides for the use of the adaptive temperature management device, including the use of the adaptive temperature management device as a building window component.

ADVANTAGEOUS EFFECTS OF INVENTION

In summary, the invention has the following advantages:

1. the self-adaptive temperature management device can respectively realize high-efficiency scattering or transmission of solar spectrum in different states, so that the effects of indoor cooling in hot weather and indoor heating in cold weather are achieved.

2. The device disclosed by the invention has self-adaptability, can automatically adjust the light transmittance and the temperature along with different environmental conditions without artificially applying external stimulation, and is reversible in adjustment process and simple and convenient for users to use.

3. The self-adaptive temperature management device disclosed by the invention can quickly respond to the change of environmental conditions such as illumination, temperature and the like, has stronger adjusting capacity on each wave band of a solar spectrum, and has the advantages of quick process of adjusting light transmittance and indoor temperature and outstanding adjusting and controlling effect.

4. The device disclosed by the invention is simple and convenient in preparation method, low in cost and suitable for industrial production.

Drawings

The present disclosure is described in detail in terms of one or more various embodiments with reference to the following figures. The drawings are provided to facilitate an understanding of the disclosure and should not be taken to limit the breadth, scope, size, or applicability of the disclosure. For ease of illustration, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of an adaptive temperature management device according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the operating principle of the adaptive temperature management device of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is SiO₂An effect graph of porous coating layer opaque or transparent in dry/wet state;

fig. 4 is a graph of the test results of the adaptive temperature management device of the present disclosure on solar spectrum modulation capability.

Detailed Description

General structure of adaptive temperature management device

The invention provides an adaptive temperature management device. As shown in figure 1, the self-adaptive temperature management device is provided with a transparent substrate layer 1, a porous layer 2 covers the top surface of the substrate layer, the periphery and the top surface of the substrate layer are encapsulated by an encapsulating sheet 3, and an infiltration liquid 4 is injected into a cavity formed between the substrate layer and the encapsulating sheet.

Base layer

The material of the transparent substrate layer can be selected according to actual needs, and common selectable materials include glass, quartz, organic glass (polymethyl methacrylate, PMMA for short), polyethylene terephthalate (PET for short), and the like.

Porous layer

The porous layer is one or more layers of nano-to micron-sized particles (called micro-nano particles for short) with different particle sizes, which are stacked on the top surface of the substrate layer. The number of stacked layers of the porous layer may be one layer, two layers, three layers, four layers or more. The material of the micro-nano particles constituting the porous layer may be one or more selected from particles of silicon dioxide, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, aluminum sulfate, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), Polystyrene (PS), and the like. Through the layer stacking structure of the micro-nano particles, the porous layer realizes high-efficiency reflection of solar radiation.

Regarding the particle size of the micro-nano particles, the particle size of each layer can be selected within the range of 300nm-5 μm. The difference of the particle sizes of the micro-nano particles of the two adjacent layers can be 0.3-2 μm, and preferably 0.5-1 μm.

The porous layer can be prepared by various means, such as drop coating, spray coating, spin coating, and the like.

Packaging sheet

The packaging piece surrounds the periphery and the top of the substrate layer, the substrate layer and the packaging piece jointly enclose a cavity, and the cavity contains the porous layer and the infiltration liquid. The material of the encapsulating sheet is not particularly limited, and the encapsulating sheet on the top of the encapsulating base layer may be transparent. Common materials for the packaging sheet can be selected from glass, quartz, organic glass, polyethylene terephthalate and the like.

Immersion liquid

The infiltration liquid is liquid matched with the refractive index of the selected porous layer micro-nano particles. The refractive index matching means that the difference between the refractive index of the wetting liquid and the refractive index of the used micro-nano particles is within 0.05. Exemplary impregnating liquids are carbon tetrachloride, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, ethanol, and the like. An exemplary matching combination of the immersion liquid and the porous layer micro-nano particles includes: carbon tetrachloride and silica particles, isopropanol and PTFE particles, ethylene glycol and aluminum sulfate particles, and the like.

Based on the volume of a chamber surrounded by the inner wall of the substrate layer (excluding the porous layer deposited on the substrate layer) and the inner wall of the packaging sheet, the volume of the infiltration liquid contained in the chamber accounts for 1% -5%, preferably 1% -2% of the volume of the chamber, so that the device can be well switched between a state that the infiltration liquid infiltrates the porous layer and a state that the infiltration liquid does not infiltrate the porous layer.

Preparation method of self-adaptive temperature management device

An exemplary fabrication method of the adaptive temperature management device of the present disclosure is as follows:

a base layer sheet (e.g., PMMA, glass or PET sheet) of 30X 1mm is cleaned (e.g., ultrasonic cleaning with ethanol, acetone or ultrapure water in this order) and dried for use.

Uniformly dispersing first micro-nano particles (such as silica particles or PTFE particles with the particle size of 300-500 nm) in a volatile liquid (such as a 95% ethanol solution) to prepare a first dispersion liquid; uniformly dispersing second micro-nano particles (such as silica particles or PTFE particles with the particle size of 0.8-1 μm) in a volatile liquid (such as a 95% ethanol solution) to prepare a second dispersion liquid; uniformly dispersing third micro-nano particles (such as silica particles or PTFE particles with the particle size of 1.5-2 μm) in a volatile liquid (such as a 95% ethanol solution) to prepare a third dispersion liquid; uniformly dispersing the fourth micro-nano particles (such as silica particles or PTFE particles with the particle size of 3-5 μm) in a volatile liquid (such as 95% ethanol solution) to prepare a fourth dispersion liquid.

And uniformly dripping the first dispersion liquid on the substrate layer, standing, and forming a first particle layer after the volatile liquid in the first dispersion liquid volatilizes. And uniformly dripping the second dispersion liquid on the first particle layer, standing, and forming a second particle layer after the volatile liquid in the second dispersion liquid volatilizes. And uniformly dripping the third dispersion liquid on the second particle layer, standing, and volatilizing the volatile liquid in the third dispersion liquid to form a third particle layer. And uniformly dripping the fourth dispersion liquid on the third particle layer, standing, and volatilizing the volatile liquid in the fourth dispersion liquid to form a fourth particle layer. Thus obtaining the porous layer formed by piling four layers of micro-nano particles with different particle sizes.

The porous layer was encapsulated around the base layer sheet with four surrounding encapsulating sheets 3mm in height and width matching the base layer sheet, and then 0.5-0.8ml of an impregnating liquid (e.g. carbon tetrachloride or isopropanol) was dropped onto the porous layer followed by rapid encapsulation of the top of the base layer sheet with a 30 x 1mm top encapsulating sheet. The base layer sheet, the surrounding packaging sheet and the top packaging sheet jointly enclose a chamber, and the porous layer and the wetting liquid dripped on the porous layer are packaged in the chamber.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned preparation method is only an exemplary preparation method, and does not limit the disclosure. The material and size of the substrate layer sheet and the packaging sheet, the number of the porous layers, the type and particle size of the micro-nano particles forming each layer of the porous layers, the type of volatile liquid dispersing the micro-nano particles, the type and volume of the infiltrating liquid and other factors can be properly adjusted according to actual needs.

Use mode and working principle of self-adaptive temperature management device

The adaptive temperature management device of the present disclosure can be used as a building window component, for example, as a smart window component, and can also be installed on other objects requiring light temperature control. In use, the substrate layer side of the adaptive temperature management device faces the primary radiation source to be blocked. For example, when the adaptive temperature management device is used as a building window, the base layer side of the adaptive temperature management device faces outdoors, and the top package sheet side faces indoors.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, when the outdoor temperature is higher than the indoor temperature in summer, the substrate layer and the porous layer stacked on the substrate layer are heated, and the wetting liquid immersed between the micro-nano particles of the porous layer is evaporated and condensed at the packaging sheet facing the indoor side. Because gaps among the micro-nano particles of the porous layer are not soaked, the porous layer in a dry state exerts high-efficiency reflection performance, the transmissivity of a device is low, sunlight is difficult to penetrate through the porous layer, and indoor cooling is realized by combining radiation refrigeration. In winter when the indoor temperature is higher than the outdoor temperature, the immersion liquid at the encapsulation sheet towards the indoor side evaporates and condenses at the porous layer on the substrate layer. And the infiltrating liquid enters gaps among the micro-nano particles of the porous layer to infiltrate the porous layer. As the refractive indexes of the wetting liquid and the porous layer are matched, the transmissivity of the porous layer in a wetting state is improved, the device is highly transparent to sunlight, and the effect of indoor temperature rise is achieved. The self-adaptive temperature management device disclosed by the invention does not need to apply regulation factors such as current, mechanical force and the like the device in the prior art, and can realize the regulation of illumination and temperature in a self-adaptive manner based on the liquid evaporation-condensation process under the actual environment condition.

Embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to examples, but those skilled in the art will appreciate that the following examples are only illustrative of the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. The examples, in which specific conditions are not specified, were conducted under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or instruments used are not indicated by the manufacturer, and are all conventional products commercially available.

Example 1

The light temperature regulating device comprises a substrate PMMA plate, and 2ml of SiO is dripped on the substrate PMMA plate₂(average particle size 500 nm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and dissolving in SiO₂The particles form a porous layer on the base sheet. After the periphery of the base plate is packaged by a PMMA plate with proper size, 0.6ml of carbon tetrachloride is dripped to completely soak the porous layer, and then the top of the base plate is quickly sealed by the PMMA plate and special glue for PMMA.

Example 2

The light temperature regulating device comprises a substrate PMMA plate, and 1ml of SiO is dripped on the substrate PMMA plate₂(average particle size 500 nm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size of 500nm₂The particles form a first particle coating on the substrate sheet. 1ml of SiO was drop-coated on the first particle coating₂(average particle size of 1 μm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size of 1 μm₂The particles form a second particle coating. The first particle coating and the second particle coating together constitute a porous layer. After the periphery of the base plate is packaged by a PMMA plate with proper size, 0.6ml of carbon tetrachloride is dripped to completely soak the porous layer, and then the top of the base plate is quickly sealed by the PMMA plate and special glue for PMMA.

Example 3

The light temperature regulating device comprises a substrate PMMA plate, and 0.7ml of SiO is dripped on the substrate PMMA plate₂(average particle size 500 nm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completedFully volatile SiO with particle size of 500nm₂The particles form a first particle coating on the substrate sheet. 0.7ml of SiO was drop-coated onto the first particle coating₂(average particle size of 1 μm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size of 1 μm₂The particles form a second particle coating. 0.7ml of SiO was drop-coated on the second particle coating₂(average particle size 2 μm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size 2 μm₂The particles form a third particle coating. The first, second and third particle coatings together form a porous layer. After the periphery of the base plate is packaged by a PMMA plate with proper size, 0.6ml of carbon tetrachloride is dripped to completely infiltrate the porous layer, and then the top layer is quickly sealed by the PMMA plate and special glue for PMMA.

Example 4

The light temperature regulating device comprises a substrate PMMA plate, and 0.5ml of SiO is dripped on the substrate PMMA plate₂(average particle size 500 nm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size of 500nm₂The particles form a first particle coating on the substrate sheet. 0.5ml of SiO was drop-coated onto the first particle coating₂(average particle size of 1 μm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size of 1 μm₂The particles form a second particle coating. 0.5ml of SiO was drop-coated on the second particle coating₂(average particle size 2 μm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size 2 μm₂The particles form a third particle coating. 0.5ml SiO was drop coated on the third particle coating₂(average particle size of 3 μm)/ethanol dispersion, standing for 1 hr until ethanol is completely volatilized, and SiO with particle size of 3 μm₂The particles form a fourth particle coating. The first, second, third and fourth particle coatings together form a porous layer. After the periphery of the base plate is packaged by a PMMA plate with proper size, 0.6ml of carbon tetrachloride is dripped to completely infiltrate the porous layer, and then the top layer is quickly sealed by the PMMA plate and special glue for PMMA.

Example 5

A light and temperature control device comprises a glass substrate plate, 0.5ml of PTFE (average particle size is 500 nm)/ethanol dispersion liquid is dripped on the glass substrate plate, the glass substrate plate is kept stand for 1h until ethanol is completely volatilized, and PTFE particles with the particle size of 500nm form a first particle coating layer on the substrate plate. 0.5ml of PTFE (average particle diameter: 1 μm)/ethanol dispersion was dropped on the first particle coating layer, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour until ethanol was completely volatilized, and PTFE particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm formed a second particle coating layer. 0.5ml of PTFE (average particle size: 2 μm)/ethanol dispersion was dropped on the second particle coating layer, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour until ethanol was completely volatilized, and PTFE particles having a particle size of 2 μm formed a third particle coating layer. 0.5ml of PTFE (average particle diameter: 3 μm)/ethanol dispersion was dropped on the third particle coating layer, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 1 hour until ethanol was completely volatilized, and PTFE particles having a particle diameter of 3 μm formed a fourth particle coating layer. The first, second, third and fourth particle coatings together form a porous layer. And after the periphery of the base plate is packaged by a PMMA plate with a proper size, 0.6ml of isopropanol is dripped to completely soak the porous layer, and then the top layer is quickly sealed by the PMMA plate and special glue for PMMA.

Comparative example 1

A light temperature control device comprises a sealed cavity formed by a bottom layer and a top layer made of double-layer plastics, a porous polymer film sandwiched in the cavity and used as a light temperature control core, wherein the film material is formed by copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene, the thickness is 160 mu m, and the pore size distribution is 0.1-10 mu m. The side surface of the sealed cavity is provided with a liquid adding opening, isopropanol is injected through the liquid adding opening to soak the porous polymer film, or air is introduced through the liquid adding opening to enable the porous polymer film to be in a dry state.

The light-temperature control devices described in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 were used for performance testing. The test method is as follows:

measurement of transmittance T: the device is placed into a Perkin Elmer, Lambda 950 type UV-VIS-NIRS spectrometer (ultraviolet/visible/near infrared spectrophotometer), the transmissivity of the device in two different states in a wave band with the wavelength range of 300-2500nm is measured at the wavelength interval of 10nm, and then the integral transmittance of the device to solar spectrum irradiation is obtained by utilizing the measured irradiation rate under each measurement wavelength. The device is in a state that the porous layer is soaked by the soaking liquid at room temperature, the base surface of the device is placed on a hot table at 50 ℃, the soaking liquid is heated and evaporated, the soaking liquid can be completely separated from the porous layer after 1min, and the device is converted into a dry state that the soaking liquid does not soak the porous layer.

For the devices of examples 1-5, the overall transmission of the device to solar spectral radiation in the state of impregnation of the porous layer with carbon tetrachloride or isopropanol is denoted as T_wThe overall transmittance of the device to solar spectrum radiation in the state that the porous layer is not infiltrated by carbon tetrachloride or isopropanol (i.e. in the dry state) is recorded as T_d. For the device of comparative example 1, the overall transmittance of the device to solar spectrum radiation in the state of the porous polymer film infiltrated with isopropanol is recorded as T_wAnd the integral transmittance of the device to solar spectrum irradiation in the dry state of the polymer film is recorded as T_d. By Δ T ═ T_w-T_dAs a parameter for evaluating the comprehensive modulation capability of the solar spectrum of each device.

And (3) measuring the heating and cooling capacities: and installing a thermocouple on the non-porous layer side of the device, placing the device and the thermocouple on a heat insulation table wrapped by tinfoil paper, and testing the solar irradiation power by using a solar irradiation meter. Under the non-wetting state, the solar radiation is from 700- & lt1000 Wm-^-2Continuously irradiating for 4 h; in the wet state, the solar radiation is from 300-600Wm^-2Irradiation was continued for 4 h. Recording the temperature change at the back of the device by a thermocouple, and taking the average value of the temperature rise and fall within 4h as the degree t of the temperature rise and fall of the device_iAnd t_d。

The device performance test results are shown in table 1 and fig. 4.

Table 1 device performance test data

As can be seen from the data in Table 1 and FIG. 4, examples 1-5 are formed from SiO in the non-wetted state₂Or the PTFE micro-nano particles and the gaps among the particles form a porous layer which has stronger scattering capacity on each wave band of the solar spectrum, so that the whole solar spectrum can be effectively modulated. Compared with the porous polymer film of the comparative example 1, which has insufficient scattering power for partial wave bands due to the limitation of the microstructure, the devices of examples 1 to 5 have significantly better comprehensive modulation power for the whole solar spectrum. Further, the devices of examples 1-5 utilized fourCarbon chloride and SiO₂The nearly identical refractive index of the particles (1.46 and 1.45), or the nearly identical refractive index of the isopropanol and PTFE particles (1.38 and 1.35), the device realizes extremely high transmittance in the infiltration state, and has obvious gain effect on increasing the temperature of the inner side of the device under the condition of light transmission, and the effect of the temperature rise of the inner side is obviously better than that of the comparative example 1. In addition, the devices of examples 1-5 possessed lower transmission plus SiO in the non-wetted state₂An atmospheric window (8-13 μm) emissivity of greater than 97% can achieve a cooling effect superior to that of comparative example 1.

The above results indicate that the adaptive temperature management device of the present disclosure forms a porous coating (transmittance < 20%) that can efficiently reflect solar radiation by stacking micro-nano particles, particularly multiple layers of micro-nano particles with different particle sizes, on the substrate layer; the porous coating is infiltrated by selecting the infiltration liquid matched with the refractive index of the micro-nano particles, and the high-efficiency transmission of solar radiation (the transmissivity is more than 90%) can be realized. The device packaged with the porous coating and the infiltrating liquid realizes self-adaptive transmission/reflection adjustment by liquid-gas phase change of the infiltrating liquid by utilizing the temperature difference at two sides of the device; when sunlight passes through, the solar radiation can be used for automatic heating, and when sunlight is reflected, the radiation refrigeration is combined, so that the automatic cooling can be realized. The self-adaptive temperature management device disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the adjustment process is simple, the adjustment can be carried out automatically without extra complicated operation, the modulation effect (85%) in a visible light band is far greater than that of the traditional electrochromic material (70%), and the modulation effect of the whole solar spectrum is also superior to the best effect (80% and 74%) reported in the prior art. The self-adaptive temperature management device can not only quickly respond and modulate solar spectrum, but also automatically perform optical modulation according to indoor and outdoor temperature difference.

In addition, the self-adaptive temperature management device disclosed by the invention has a porous layer structure formed by stacking micro-nano-scale particles, the light and temperature management parameters of the device can be conveniently adjusted by changing the parameters such as the particle size and the number of layers of the particles, and the device has good adaptability to different application requirements. The porous layer structure formed by stacking the micro-nano particles also has good stability, and compared with devices such as a high polymer film and the like which are rapidly degraded and have reduced performance under strong illumination, the self-adaptive temperature management device disclosed by the invention has the advantages of severe environment resistance and long service life.

While the features of the present invention have been shown and described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that other changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the scope of the invention. Likewise, the various figures may depict exemplary architectures or other configurations for the present disclosure, which are useful for understanding the features and functionality that may be included in the present disclosure. The present disclosure is not limited to the example architectures or configurations shown, but may be implemented using a variety of alternative architectures and configurations. Additionally, while the present disclosure has been described above in terms of various exemplary embodiments and implementations, it should be understood that the various features and functionality described in one or more of the individual embodiments are not limited in their applicability to the particular embodiment to which they pertain. Rather, they may be applied, individually or in some combination, to one or more other embodiments of the disclosure, whether or not such embodiments are described and whether or not such features are presented as being part of the described embodiments. Thus, the breadth and scope of the present disclosure should not be limited by any of the above-described exemplary embodiments.