阅读说明：本技术 一种全天候太阳能发电系统、发电装置以及发电方法 (All-weather solar power generation system, power generation device and power generation method ) 是由 吕松 季亦双 杨佳豪 张波龙 任桔文 许至琦 卢骏风 钱作勤 于 2021-07-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供的一种全天候太阳能发电系统、发电装置及发电方法,系统包括盒状的保温壳体,保温壳体的表面设有透明盖板,保温壳体内设置有吸热基板；透明盖板与吸热基板之间形成封闭空腔；吸热基板的一侧表面设有太阳能复合电池板,吸热基板的另一侧表面设有热电发生组件；热电发生组件远离吸热基板的一侧设有相变储能组件；其中,太阳能复合电池板用于通过太阳辐照产生电能；热电发生组件用于将热能转化得到电能；相变储能组件用于吸收和存储热能；方案能够有效提高电池板的光伏效率；还能提高对太阳辐照的利用率；此外,方案能够实现全天候循环发电,进一步提高对太阳辐照的利用率,可广泛应用于能源利用技术领域。(The invention provides an all-weather solar power generation system, a power generation device and a power generation method, wherein the system comprises a box-shaped heat preservation shell, wherein a transparent cover plate is arranged on the surface of the heat preservation shell, and a heat absorption substrate is arranged in the heat preservation shell; a closed cavity is formed between the transparent cover plate and the heat absorption substrate; the solar composite cell panel is arranged on the surface of one side of the heat absorption substrate, and the thermoelectric generation assembly is arranged on the surface of the other side of the heat absorption substrate; a phase change energy storage component is arranged on one side of the thermoelectric generation component far away from the heat absorption substrate; the solar composite panel is used for generating electric energy through solar irradiation; the thermoelectric generation assembly is used for converting heat energy into electric energy; the phase change energy storage assembly is used for absorbing and storing heat energy; the scheme can effectively improve the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell panel; the utilization rate of solar radiation can be improved; in addition, the scheme can realize all-weather cycle power generation, further improve the utilization ratio of solar irradiation, and can be widely applied to the technical field of energy utilization.)

1. An all-weather solar power generation system comprises a box-shaped heat preservation shell, and is characterized in that a transparent cover plate is arranged on the surface of the heat preservation shell, and a heat absorption substrate is arranged in the heat preservation shell; a closed cavity is formed between the transparent cover plate and the heat absorption substrate; the solar composite panel is arranged on the surface of one side of the heat absorption substrate, and the thermoelectric generation assembly is arranged on the surface of the other side of the heat absorption substrate; a phase change energy storage component is arranged on one side of the thermoelectric generation component, which is far away from the heat absorption substrate;

the solar composite panel is used for generating electric energy through solar irradiation; the thermoelectric generation assembly is used for converting heat energy into electric energy; the phase change energy storage assembly is used for absorbing and storing heat energy.

2. The all-weather solar power generation system of claim 1, wherein the solar composite panel comprises solar cells including at least one of: a silicon solar cell or a gallium arsenide concentrator solar cell;

at least one surface of the solar cell is covered with a thin film for conducting thermal energy.

3. The all-weather solar power generation system of claim 1, wherein the thermoelectric generation assembly comprises semiconductor power generation blades for converting thermal energy to electrical energy.

4. The all-weather solar power generation system of claim 1, wherein the heat-absorbing substrate is an aluminum substrate.

5. The all-weather solar power generation system of claim 1, wherein the phase change energy storage assembly comprises a thermally conductive housing filled with at least one of: paraffin or composite phase-change material filler.

6. The all-weather solar power generation system of claim 5, wherein the thermally conductive housing is an aluminum housing; the aluminum shell is internally provided with heat conduction fins which are arranged in a crossed mode.

7. The weatherable solar power system of any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein said transparent cover is a polyethylene film cover and said insulated housing is a polyurethane foam housing.

8. An all weather solar power plant, characterized in that it comprises an all weather solar power system according to any of claims 1-7.

9. An all-weather solar power generation method applied to an all-weather solar power generation system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:

absorbing solar radiation through the heat absorbing substrate;

a first part of electric energy is obtained through solar irradiation conversion through the solar composite cell panel on the surface of one side of the heat absorption substrate;

acquiring heat energy in the all-weather solar power generation system, conducting the heat energy to a phase change energy storage assembly for storage, and/or conducting the heat energy to a thermoelectric generation assembly for conversion into a second part of electric energy;

and outputting the first part of electric energy and/or the second part of electric energy.

10. An all-weather solar power generation method as claimed in claim 9, further comprising the steps of:

absorbing the heat energy stored in the phase change energy storage assembly through the cooled heat absorption substrate;

converting the stored heat energy into a third part of electric energy through the thermoelectric generation assembly, and outputting the third part of electric energy.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of energy utilization, in particular to an all-weather solar power generation system, a power generation device and a power generation method.

Background

Solar energy is a free source of energy that can be used anywhere. At present, commercial photovoltaic power generation technology is rapidly developed. However, in the existing photovoltaic module, the photovoltaic cell module only converts a small part of the full-wave band of solar radiation irradiation, such as near ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band, into electric energy, and the heat of the main product, which is generated when photons in the rest of the solar radiation irradiation wave band are converted into heat, increases the temperature of the solar cell, so that the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell increases and the system efficiency decreases. Meanwhile, the solar energy is time-varying and intermittent, and cannot be effectively utilized in cloudy and rainy days and at night.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, to at least partially solve one of the above technical problems, an embodiment of the present invention is directed to an all-weather solar power generation system based on step utilization of atmospheric window full-band radiant energy, a power generation device equipped with the system, and a power generation method applied to the system.

In a first aspect, the technical scheme of the application provides an all-weather solar power generation system, which comprises a box-shaped heat preservation shell, wherein a transparent cover plate is arranged on the surface of the heat preservation shell, and a heat absorption substrate is arranged in the heat preservation shell; a closed cavity is formed between the transparent cover plate and the heat absorption substrate; the solar composite panel is arranged on the surface of one side of the heat absorption substrate, and the thermoelectric generation assembly is arranged on the surface of the other side of the heat absorption substrate; a phase change energy storage component is arranged on one side of the thermoelectric generation component, which is far away from the heat absorption substrate;

the solar composite panel is used for generating electric energy through solar irradiation; the thermoelectric generation assembly is used for converting heat energy into electric energy; the phase change energy storage assembly is used for absorbing and storing heat energy.

In one possible embodiment of the present solution, the solar composite panel comprises a solar cell, the solar cell comprising at least one of: silicon-based solar cells or gallium arsenide-based solar cells; at least one surface of the solar cell is covered with a thin film for conducting thermal energy.

In one possible embodiment of the solution of the present application, the thermoelectric generation assembly comprises semiconductor power generation sheets for converting thermal energy into electrical energy.

In a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, the heat absorbing substrate is an aluminum substrate.

In one possible embodiment of the present disclosure, the phase change energy storage assembly includes a thermally conductive housing filled with at least one of the following: paraffin or composite phase-change material filler.

In one possible embodiment of the present disclosure, the heat conductive housing is an aluminum housing; the aluminum shell is internally provided with heat conduction fins which are arranged in a crossed mode.

In a possible embodiment of the present disclosure, the transparent cover is a polyethylene film cover, and the heat-insulating casing is a polyurethane foam casing.

In a second aspect, the invention further provides an all-weather solar power generation device, which includes any one of the all-weather solar power generation systems in the first aspect.

In a third aspect, the present invention further provides an all-weather solar power generation method, which includes the following steps:

absorbing solar radiation through the heat absorbing substrate;

a first part of electric energy is obtained through solar irradiation conversion through the solar composite cell panel on the surface of one side of the heat absorption substrate;

acquiring heat energy in the all-weather solar power generation system, conducting the heat energy to a phase change energy storage assembly for storage, and/or conducting the heat energy to a thermoelectric generation assembly for conversion into a second part of electric energy;

and outputting the first part of electric energy and/or the second part of electric energy.

In a possible embodiment of the solution of the present application, the method further comprises the steps of:

absorbing the heat energy stored in the phase change energy storage assembly through the cooled heat absorption substrate;

converting the stored thermal energy into electrical energy by the thermoelectric generation assembly.

Advantages and benefits of the present invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention:

the technical scheme of the application provides an all-weather solar power generation system, a power generation device and a power generation method, power can be generated through a solar composite cell panel and a thermoelectric generation assembly under the condition that sunlight irradiation is sufficient, and the phase change energy storage assembly is used for carrying out phase change energy storage on waste heat generated by irradiation, so that the temperature of the cell panel can be reduced, and the photovoltaic efficiency of the cell panel can be improved; the utilization rate of solar radiation can be improved; in addition, under the condition of insufficient sunlight irradiation, the phase change energy storage assembly can release heat to perform temperature difference power generation, so that all-weather cycle power generation is realized, and the utilization rate of solar irradiation is further improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an all-weather solar power generation system according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating steps of an all-weather solar power generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 3 is a flow chart illustrating steps of another all-weather solar power generation method according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference numerals: 1. a heat-insulating shell; 2. a transparent cover plate; 3. a heat absorbing substrate; 4. a solar composite panel; 5. a thermoelectric generation assembly; 6. and the phase change energy storage component.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar function throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are illustrative only for the purpose of explaining the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. The step numbers in the following embodiments are provided only for convenience of illustration, the order between the steps is not limited at all, and the execution order of each step in the embodiments can be adapted according to the understanding of those skilled in the art.

In the prior art, a photovoltaic cell in a photovoltaic module can only convert a small part of the full-wave band of solar radiation, such as a near ultraviolet-visible-near infrared band, into electric energy, and photons in the rest of solar radiation wave bands can be converted into heat to increase the temperature of the solar cell, so that the working temperature of the photovoltaic cell is increased, and the efficiency is reduced; moreover, due to the time-varying nature and obvious intermittence of solar energy, the working rate can be greatly reduced and even the operation can be stopped in cloudy and rainy days and at night. Therefore, how to widen the solar spectrum utilization spectrum to realize the solar full spectrum utilization, reduce the working temperature of the solar photovoltaic cell, prolong the solar conversion working time, and overcome the time-varying intermittency is the key point for improving the solar photoelectric conversion efficiency and the solar utilization efficiency by the technical scheme of the application.

In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1, to solve the technical problems pointed out in the foregoing background, an embodiment of the present application provides an all-weather solar power generation system, which includes: a box-shaped heat-insulating housing 1; a transparent cover plate 2 is arranged on one side surface (such as the top of the heat preservation shell) of a heat preservation shell 1, a heat absorption substrate 3 is arranged in the heat preservation shell 1, and a closed cavity is formed between the transparent cover plate 2 and the heat absorption substrate 3. In addition, one side surface (upper surface) of the heat absorbing substrate 3 is provided with the solar composite panel 4, the other side (lower surface) of the heat absorbing substrate 3 away from the solar composite panel 4 is provided with the thermoelectric generation assembly 5, and one side of the thermoelectric generation assembly 5 away from the heat absorbing substrate 3 is provided with the phase change energy storage assembly 6, and the phase change energy storage assembly 6 can be used for absorbing and storing heat energy.

Specifically, the transparent cover plate in the embodiment can enable sunlight to be directly irradiated to the heat absorption substrate, and enable the temperature in the closed cavity to be increased; in addition, the transparent cover plate simultaneously prevents dust, water drops or other foreign matters from entering the closed cavity. The closed cavity formed between the heat-insulating shell and the heat-absorbing substrate can effectively reduce the heat loss of the system. The solar composite panel in the system of the embodiment is mainly used for absorbing light energy of a near ultraviolet-visible-near infrared wave band in solar irradiation and converting the light energy into electric energy to be output. The thermoelectric generation assembly in the embodiment system may employ a semiconductor (temperature difference) thermoelectric generator in which, when a heat flow passes through two different kinds of semiconductor materials to generate a temperature difference, a potential difference is generated by a seebeck effect, so that heat energy can be converted into electric energy by a solid heat engine, and waste heat can be effectively utilized to generate electricity. The embodiment system combines the thermoelectric generator and the solar composite panel, and can convert redundant heat generated by the solar wave band which cannot be utilized by the solar composite panel into electric power to realize full-wave band utilization of solar energy, so that the solar power generation efficiency of the embodiment system is improved. The phase change energy storage assembly in the embodiment system can be used for absorbing and storing the waste heat which is not converted into electric energy in the system, and in the scene of lacking solar irradiation, the stored heat energy is released to provide a heat energy source for a semiconductor (temperature difference) thermoelectric generator to carry out thermoelectric conversion. The Phase-change energy storage assembly in an example system stores a Phase-change Material (PCM) that has the property of high latent heat, absorbs a large amount of heat and maintains the temperature until it reaches the melting point, and does not degrade and maintain its chemical stability after multiple melting and freezing cycles. The embodiment system adopts the PCM to absorb the redundant heat in the system, reduces the working temperature of the solar cell, can effectively overcome the time-varying property and the intermittence of solar energy, and improves the effective utilization time, the stability and the conversion efficiency of solar power generation. Based on the above description, in the system of the embodiment, under the condition of sufficient solar irradiation, for example, in sunny days, photovoltaic power generation is performed by acquiring solar energy, temperature difference power generation can be performed by using a thermoelectric module, and phase change energy storage is performed on the heat energy which is not subjected to thermoelectric conversion; under the condition of insufficient solar radiation, for example, at night, the phase change energy storage assembly releases heat, the temperature difference between two ends of the thermoelectric assembly is enhanced through radiation refrigeration, and temperature difference power generation is carried out, so that the gradient utilization of energy is achieved, and all-weather cycle power generation is realized.

In some alternative embodiments, the solar composite panel may be formed by several solar panels arranged at equal intervals or in a splicing manner, and the solar cell may be a silicon solar cell or a gallium arsenide solar cell. The silicon solar cell is a solar cell which takes silicon as a base material, and solar energy is converted into electric energy by utilizing the photoelectric effect of a semiconductor, namely a silicon material; gallium arsenide (GaAs) in the GaAs type solar cell belongs to III-V group compound semiconductor materials, the energy gap of the GaAs type solar cell is matched with the solar spectrum properly, the GaAs type solar cell can resist high temperature, and compared with a silicon type solar cell, the GaAs type solar cell has better performance.

In addition, as shown in fig. 1, the back surface of the solar cell in the system of the embodiment is covered with a functional film. In the embodiment, the functional film is used for conducting heat energy, the heat generated by the heat absorption substrate and the solar panel in the working process and the heat generated by the closed cavity due to solar irradiation are conducted to the thermoelectric generation assembly, and the thermoelectric generation assembly converts the heat energy into electric energy. In the embodiment, the functional film can be made of a vertically arranged nano graphene-acrylate composite material, and the composite material has high heat conductivity, good transmittance in a solar radiation waveband, and good emissivity in an infrared waveband, and can effectively avoid heat loss in a heat conduction process.

In some alternative embodiments, the thermoelectric generation assembly in the system includes a semiconductor power generation sheet disposed on a lower surface of the heat-absorbing substrate, primarily for converting thermal energy into electrical energy. The semiconductor power generation piece is manufactured by adopting a unique film technology according to the Seebeck effect principle, and the production process of the temperature difference power generation chip, which is the same as that of a semiconductor refrigerator in the prior art, combines a microelectronic film and a wafer technology similar to an MEMS (micro-electro-mechanical system), and can supply power according to temperature difference, so that the system of the embodiment can more fully utilize heat energy generated by solar irradiation to generate power.

In some alternative embodiments, the heat absorbing substrate in the exemplary system is an aluminum substrate, the aluminum substrate is a metal-based copper clad laminate with good heat dissipation function, and the single-sided board generally comprises three layers, namely a circuit layer (copper foil), an insulating layer and a metal base layer. In the embodiment, the solar energy composite cell panel sets up on the aluminium material base plate, and the produced heat conducts metal-based layer fast through the insulating layer when the panel operation, then goes out heat transfer by metal-based layer to the realization is to the heat dissipation of panel.

In some alternative embodiments, the phase change energy storage assembly in the system includes a thermally conductive housing filled with at least one of: paraffin or composite phase-change material filler. Specifically, paraffin, also called crystal form wax, is used as a heat storage material, and has a specific heat capacity of 2.14-2.9 J.g^-1·K^-1The heat of fusion is 200-^-1(ii) a The paraffin has high phase change latent heat, almost no supercooling phenomenon, low vapor pressure during melting, difficult chemical reaction, good chemical stability, small change of phase change temperature and phase change latent heat after repeated heat absorption and release, self nucleation, no phase separation and corrosivity, can effectively absorb the waste heat in the system, and improves the utilization rate of solar energy。

In some alternative embodiments, as shown in fig. 1, the thermally conductive housing in the system is an aluminum housing; the aluminum shell is internally provided with heat conduction fins which are arranged in a crossed mode. The aluminum shell can effectively improve the heat-conducting property of the phase change energy storage assembly; and the heat conduction fins are integrally formed in the aluminum shell, and the spaces formed by the heat conduction fins in a dividing mode are filled with the phase change materials, so that the efficiency of absorbing and storing heat by the phase change storage component is improved.

In some alternative embodiments, the transparent cover in the system is a polyethylene film cover and the insulated housing external to the system is a polyurethane foam housing. The polyethylene film has high mechanical property and barrier property, high transparency and good heat resistance, can effectively resist external impurities, can better transmit sunlight, and effectively reduces the loss of solar energy. The polyurethane foam has the lowest heat conductivity coefficient in all heat insulation materials, and can effectively play a role in reducing heat loss.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides an all-weather solar power generation apparatus equipped with any one of the all-weather solar power generation systems of the first aspect.

In a third aspect, as shown in fig. 2, based on the all-weather solar power generation system provided in the first aspect, the present application further provides a power generation method applicable to the all-weather solar power generation system, where the method includes steps S100-S400:

s100, absorbing solar radiation through a heat absorption substrate;

s200, obtaining a first part of electric energy through solar irradiation conversion by the solar composite panel on the surface of one side of the heat absorption substrate;

s300, acquiring heat energy in the all-weather solar power generation system, conducting the heat energy to a phase change energy storage assembly for storage, and/or conducting the heat energy to a thermoelectric generation assembly for conversion into a second part of electric energy;

and S400, outputting the first part of electric energy and/or the second part of electric energy.

Specifically, in a scene with sufficient solar radiation, the solar composite panel absorbs the solar radiation to perform photovoltaic power generation to obtain electric energy, namely the first part of electric energy. Solar radiation absorbed by the solar composite panel but not converted into electric energy is converted into heat and transferred to the thermoelectric generation assembly for thermoelectric generation to obtain electric energy, and the second part of electric energy is obtained. And then the residual heat is transferred to the phase change energy storage module for storage, so that the heat is released at night. And outputting the electric energy generated by two different modes for supplying power.

As the transmissivity of water vapor, carbon dioxide, ozone and the like with selective absorption characteristics in the atmospheric layer in the 8-13 micron wave band is high, objects on the ground can transmit the atmospheric layer through the 8-13 micron wave band to perform radiation heat exchange with outer space at absolute zero, thereby achieving the effect of self refrigeration. Based on the above theoretical basis, as shown in fig. 3, in some possible embodiments of the present disclosure, the all-weather solar power generation method further includes steps S500-S600:

s500, absorbing heat energy stored in the phase change energy storage assembly through the cooled heat absorption substrate;

s600, converting the stored heat energy into electric energy through the thermoelectric generation assembly.

Specifically, under the condition that solar radiation is weak or unstable at night and the like, the system enters a radiation refrigeration mode, the functional film on the surface of the heat absorption substrate plays a role in space radiation refrigeration, the temperature of the cooled heat absorption substrate is lower than that of the hot end of the phase change module absorbing the waste heat in the daytime, and the thermoelectric generation assembly performs thermoelectric generation again.

From the above specific implementation process, it can be concluded that the technical solution provided by the present invention has the following advantages or advantages compared to the prior art:

the embodiment that this application technical scheme provided can realize carrying out solar photovoltaic power generation, thermoelectric module thermoelectric generation and phase transition energy storage daytime, releases heat by the phase transition energy storage subassembly again night, through radiation refrigeration reinforcing thermoelectric module both ends difference in temperature, carries out thermoelectric generation to reach the cascade utilization of energy, all-weather circulation electricity generation has good using value.

In alternative embodiments, the functions/acts noted in the block diagrams may occur out of the order noted in the operational illustrations. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Furthermore, the embodiments presented and described in the flow charts of the present invention are provided by way of example in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the technology. The disclosed methods are not limited to the operations and logic flows presented herein. Alternative embodiments are contemplated in which the order of various operations is changed and in which sub-operations described as part of larger operations are performed independently.

Furthermore, although the present invention is described in the context of functional modules, it should be understood that, unless otherwise stated to the contrary, one or more of the functions and/or features may be integrated in a single physical device and/or software module, or one or more of the functions and/or features may be implemented in a separate physical device or software module. It will also be appreciated that a detailed discussion of the actual implementation of each module is not necessary for an understanding of the present invention. Rather, the actual implementation of the various functional modules in the apparatus disclosed herein will be understood within the ordinary skill of an engineer, given the nature, function, and internal relationship of the modules. Accordingly, those skilled in the art can, using ordinary skill, practice the invention as set forth in the claims without undue experimentation. It is also to be understood that the specific concepts disclosed are merely illustrative of and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is defined by the appended claims and their full scope of equivalents.

The logic and/or steps represented in the flowcharts or otherwise described herein, e.g., an ordered listing of executable instructions that can be considered to implement logical functions, can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device, such as a computer-based system, processor-containing system, or other system that can fetch the instructions from the instruction execution system, apparatus, or device and execute the instructions.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

While embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the claims and their equivalents.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.