阅读说明：本技术 一种有核珍珠插种养殖方法 (Nucleated pearl transplanting and breeding method ) 是由 何新乔 章小昌 詹伟江 于 2021-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种有核珍珠插种养殖方法,包括：取已经形成珍珠胎囊的育珠蚌,将育珠蚌打开后在蚌体上开设切口并将珍珠从珍珠胎囊中取出；然后将准备好的珍珠母核从所述切口放入珍珠胎囊中,对切口消毒后重新将育珠蚌放入水体养殖。本发明提供的方法利用育珠蚌已经形成的珍珠胎囊进行珍珠插种养殖,提高了育珠蚌的利用率,克服了传统珍珠养殖方法极难形成超大珍珠的弊端,最终得到的珍珠直径可达20毫米以上,极大的提升了珍珠养殖的经济效益。(The invention discloses a nucleated pearl transplanting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps: opening a pearl culturing mussel with a formed pearl embryo sac, then cutting a mussel body, and taking out the pearl from the pearl embryo sac; and then placing the prepared mother pearl nucleus into the pearl embryo sac from the incision, disinfecting the incision, and then placing the pearl mussel into the water body for breeding. The method provided by the invention utilizes the formed pearl embryo sac of the pearl-breeding mussel to carry out pearl transplanting breeding, improves the utilization rate of the pearl-breeding mussel, overcomes the defect that the traditional pearl breeding method is extremely difficult to form oversized pearls, and greatly improves the economic benefit of pearl breeding, and the diameter of the finally obtained pearl can reach more than 20 mm.)

1. A nucleated pearl transplanting and breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1: opening a cut on a mussel body after the pearl mussel with the formed pearl embryo sac is opened to form a pearl taking channel leading to the pearl embryo sac, and taking out the pearl from the pearl embryo sac along the pearl taking channel;

step S2: and putting the mother pearl nucleus into the pearl embryo sac from the incision along the pearl taking channel, disinfecting the incision, and putting the pearl mussel into the water body again for breeding.

2. The nucleated pearl transplanting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein said step S1 specifically comprises the following steps:

step S11: taking the pearl mussel with the formed pearl embryo sac, and opening the pearl mussel by using an opener;

step S12: finding a pearl embryo sac containing a pearl by using a probe, and opening a cut on a mussel body of the pearl mussel by using a seed inserting scalpel according to the position of the pearl embryo sac to form a pearl taking channel leading to the pearl embryo sac;

step S13: the pearl fetal sac is stretched into the pearl fetal sac by the nucleus sending forceps along the pearl taking channel, and the pearl in the pearl fetal sac is taken out.

3. The nucleated pearl transplanting and cultivating method according to claim 1, wherein said step S2 specifically comprises the following steps:

step S21: selecting a pearl mother nucleus with the diameter being 0-3 mm larger than that of the pearl according to the size of the pearl taken out in the step S1;

step S22: clamping the mother pearl nucleus by using a nucleus feeding clamp, and feeding the mother pearl nucleus into the pearl embryo sac along the pearl taking channel formed in the step S1;

step S23: sterilizing the opening, closing the pearl mussel, and putting the pearl mussel into the water again with the opening facing upwards for culturing.

4. The nucleated pearl transplanting and cultivating method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pearl embryo sac of the pearl mussel is formed inside the foot of the foot by transplanting, and the incision is specifically formed on the edge of the foot.

5. The nucleated pearl transplanting and cultivating method according to claim 2, wherein said probe comprises an elongated handle portion and a bent probe portion, the end of said probe portion is smoothly chamfered; the nuclear sending clamp is provided with a flat clamp mouth part, and an arc-shaped accommodating cavity is arranged on the inner side of the clamp mouth part.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation technology, in particular to a nucleated pearl transplanting cultivation method.

Background

In the field of pearl artificial culture at present, nucleated pearl culture is a mainstream culture method. The method comprises the steps of inserting cell slices and pearl mother nucleus into a pearl culturing mussel body in an operative seed inserting mode, enabling the pearl culturing mussel to form a pearl embryo sac to wrap the pearl mother nucleus, continuously secreting pearl liquid due to self rejection reaction, continuously depositing the pearl liquid on the pearl mother nucleus to form a pearl layer, and continuously thickening the pearl layer along with the lapse of time to finally form a pearl finished product.

However, the current nucleated pearl transplanting and breeding method has the following problems: first, the utilization rate of the pearl mussel is not high. The service life of most varieties of pearl-breeding mussels is more than ten years, but the breeding period of pearls is usually 3 years, and the pearl-breeding mussels are usually in 'strong years' when forming pearl finished products and have good metabolic capability. However, at present, a destructive pearl taking mode is basically adopted, the pearl mussel with the pearl taken out can only be used as feed or fertilizer, and the economic value is not high. Second, the size of the pearl formed is limited. The principle of pearl formation is the rejection reaction of the mussel body, the formed pearl is smoother and smoother along with the continuous thickening of the pearl layer, the affinity between the pearl and the mussel body is stronger and the speed of the mussel body for secreting pearl liquid begins to slow down, so that the pearl basically cannot grow continuously after a growth period of several years, and the finally obtained pearl has a limited size.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a nucleated pearl transplanting and breeding method, which comprises the following steps:

step S1: opening a cut on a mussel body after the pearl mussel with the formed pearl embryo sac is opened to form a pearl taking channel leading to the pearl embryo sac, and taking out the pearl from the pearl embryo sac along the pearl taking channel;

step S2: and putting the mother pearl nucleus into the pearl embryo sac from the incision along the pearl taking channel, disinfecting the incision, and putting the pearl mussel into the water body again for breeding.

Specifically, step S1 includes the following steps:

step S11: taking the pearl mussel with the formed pearl embryo sac, and opening the pearl mussel with an opener. The mouth gag is a general name of tools, such as a blade, a seed inserting scalpel, a wedge and the like, and can open a pearl clam without damaging the pearl clam to expose a clam body in the clam shell so as to carry out subsequent pearl taking and seed inserting operations.

Step S12: finding out the pearl embryo sac containing the pearl by using the probe, and opening a cut on the clam body of the pearl clam by using a seed inserting scalpel according to the position of the pearl embryo sac to form a pearl taking channel leading to the pearl embryo sac. Among them, the "seed-inserting scalpel" is a conventional tool in the process of culturing nucleated pearls, and generally has a sharp cutting head and a slender handle. When the incision is made, a position which does not damage the pearl embryo sac and does not influence the survival of the pearl mussel should be selected.

Step S13: the pearl fetal sac is stretched into the pearl fetal sac by the nucleus sending forceps along the pearl taking channel, and the pearl in the pearl fetal sac is taken out.

The probe comprises an elongated handle part and a bent probe part, so that the probe can extend into an opening opened by a pearl mussel and can be used for inspecting the mussel body so as to determine the position of a pearl fetal sac, and the tail end of the probe part is smoothly chamfered so as to prevent the mussel body from being scratched in the inspection process; the core feeding clamp is provided with a flat clamp mouth part, the inner side of the clamp mouth part is provided with an arc-shaped accommodating cavity, and the design can prevent the sharp clamp mouth from cutting the clam body in the pearl taking process, and can prevent scratches from being left on a pearl finished product to influence the economic value.

Specifically, step S2 includes the following steps:

step S21: selecting a pearl mother nucleus with the diameter being 0-3 mm larger than the pearl according to the size of the pearl taken out in the step S1. The mother pearl nucleus is made of shells by grinding into different sizes so as to be selected according to the size of the pearl. Different from the conventional culture method, the pearl nucleus does not need to be provided with a perforation because the small cell pieces are not required to be inserted along with the pearl nucleus. The mother pearl nucleus should be slightly larger than the size of the pearl taken out in the step S1, which is beneficial for the pearl mussel to secrete pearl liquid. Preferably, the diameter of the mother pearl nucleus is 1mm larger than that of the pearl.

Step S22: clamping the mother pearl nucleus by using a nucleus-delivering clamp, and delivering the mother pearl nucleus into the pearl fetal sac along the pearl-taking channel formed in the step S1. Preferably, the bent probe part is utilized to press the mother pearl nucleus outside the fetal capsule of the pearl when the nuclear clamp is withdrawn, so that the mother pearl nucleus is prevented from moving.

Step S23: sterilizing the opening, closing the pearl mussel, and putting the pearl mussel into the water again with the opening facing upwards for culturing. When the pearl oyster cultivation device is put into a water body, the opening of the pearl oyster cultivation device is upward, the pearl mother nucleus can be prevented from falling off along the pearl taking channel, and the movement of the pearl oyster cultivation device in the water body can be reduced.

The present invention is not particularly limited to the variety of the pearl mussel, and may be carried out as long as a pearl embryo sac is formed. The invention is not limited by the specific position of the pearl embryo sac, but preferably, the pearl embryo sac is formed inside the axe foot to be more beneficial to the growth of the pearl, and is also beneficial to avoiding damaging the pearl-breeding mussel body in the process of implementing the method, so the pearl-breeding mussel with the pearl embryo sac inside the axe foot is preferably selected when the pearl-breeding mussel is selected, and more particularly, the pearl embryo sac is in the area, close to the visceral sac, inside the axe foot. Correspondingly, the cutting edge is particularly arranged on the foot edge of the axe foot when the cut is arranged.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects: the pearl mussel which takes out the pearl in the existing pearl taking process can not survive and basically loses economic value. The method provided by the invention uses the specially designed probe and the nucleus sending forceps to carry out the pearl taking operation, basically does not damage the pearl mussel, and realizes the subsequent utilization of the pearl mussel. Further, the invention utilizes the formed pearl embryo sac with a certain size, and the pearl mother nucleus with a larger size is put into the pearl embryo sac to continuously stimulate the mussel body, so that the pearl with a larger size is successfully cultured and formed. Taking fresh water pearl mussel as an example, the pearl finally harvested by the method of the invention is basically more than 15 mm, wherein a part of the pearl can reach more than 20 mm, while the traditional culture method can reach the size only under the extremely accidental condition, and the pearl obtained by the invention has good luster, fine surface, small and less growth lines and high economic value.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments are briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 shows a flow diagram of a farming method of the invention;

FIG. 2 shows a front view of a probe used in the present invention;

FIG. 3 shows a side view of a probe used in the present invention;

FIG. 4 shows a front view of a nucleus delivery forceps used in the present invention;

figure 5 shows a side view of a nucleus-delivering clamp used in the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: the probe comprises a probe 1, a handle part 11, a probe part 12, a nuclear sending forceps 2, a forceps mouth part 21 and an accommodating cavity 22.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

As shown in fig. 1, one embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:

step S11: taking the pearl mussel with the formed pearl embryo sac, and opening the pearl mussel by using an opener;

step S12: finding a pearl embryo sac containing a pearl by using a probe, and opening a cut on a mussel body of the pearl mussel by using a seed inserting scalpel according to the position of the pearl embryo sac to form a pearl taking channel leading to the pearl embryo sac;

step S13: stretching the pearl embryo sac into the pearl embryo sac by using a nucleus feeding clamp along the pearl taking channel, and taking out the pearl in the pearl embryo sac;

step S21: selecting a pearl mother nucleus with the diameter 0-3 mm larger than that of a pearl according to the size of the pearl to be taken out;

step S22: clamping the mother pearl nucleus by using a nucleus-feeding clamp, and feeding the mother pearl nucleus into a pearl fetal sac along the pearl-taking channel;

step S23: sterilizing the opening, closing the pearl mussel, and putting the pearl mussel into the water again with the opening facing upwards for culturing.

Wherein, step S11 is to select fresh water pearl mussel with pearl embryo sac inside axe foot. The position of the pearl embryo sac can be easily controlled by adjusting the seed inserting position when the pearl mussel is firstly inserted.

Fig. 2 and 3 show the shape of the probe 1 used in step S12. The probe 1 comprises an elongated handle part 11 and a bent probe part 12, and the tail end of the probe part 12 is smoothly chamfered so as to accurately find the pearl fetal sac without damaging the mussel body. In step S12, since the pearl embryo sac is inside the foot of the axe in the present embodiment, a cut is made on the edge of the foot of the axe with a scalpel for inserting seeds so as to perform the pearl picking and the subsequent nucleus sending operation.

Fig. 4 and 5 show the shape of the nucleus-delivering forceps 2 used in steps S13 and S22. The nucleus delivering forceps 2 has a flat jaw portion 21, and an arc-shaped accommodating cavity 22 is provided inside the jaw portion 21. In the pearl taking process of the step S13, the pearl is accommodated in the accommodating cavity 22 to avoid being scratched by being clamped by the jaw, and in the pearl nucleus feeding process of the step S22, the mother pearl nucleus is also accommodated in the accommodating cavity 22 to avoid falling off.

And (5) after the nucleus sending operation of the step (S22) is completed, performing necessary disinfection treatment on the mussel body in a step (S23), closing the mussel body, and putting the mussel into the water body again for culturing with the opening of the pearl mussel facing upwards. The pearl taking channel formed by the operation extends from the edge of the foot to the inside of the foot, so that the mother pearl nucleus cannot slide out along the pearl taking channel, and meanwhile, the pearl mussel is inconvenient to move after entering a water body and is also beneficial to healing of the incision on the edge of the foot.

By the method provided by the embodiment, the average size of the pearl obtained after 3 years of cultivation can reach 17mm, which is about 6mm larger than that of the pearl obtained by the conventional method.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, and not to limit the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not necessarily depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.