阅读说明：本技术 用于捣固轨道的捣固镐和方法 (Tamping pick and method for tamping a track ) 是由 M·伯格 G·早诺 于 2020-03-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于捣固轨道(3)的捣固机(1)的捣固镐(11),所述捣固镐包括镐轴(14),所述镐轴(14)在其上端具有用于紧固在镐支座(12)中的保持部(15),并且所述镐轴在其下端并入镐板(16)中。传感器(23)的敏感元件(22)布置在所述镐轴(14)的凹部(21)中,并且捣固镐(11)包括用于传输传感器信号的耦合元件(24)。以这种方式,捣固镐(11)实现了用于检测在捣固镐(11)中出现的测量值的传感器功能。(The invention relates to a tamping pick (11) of a tamping machine (1) for tamping a track (3), comprising a pick shaft (14), which pick shaft (14) has a holding portion (15) at its upper end for fastening in a pick holder (12) and which at its lower end merges into a pick plate (16). A sensor element (22) of a sensor (23) is arranged in a recess (21) of the shaft (14), and the tamping pick (11) comprises a coupling element (24) for transmitting a sensor signal. In this way, the tamping pick (11) performs a sensor function for detecting measured values occurring in the tamping pick (11).)

1. A tamping pick (11) for a tamping machine (1) of a track (3), the tamping pick (11) comprising a pick shaft (14), said pick shaft (14) having at its upper end a holding portion (15) for fastening in a pick holder (12), and said pick shaft (14) merging at its lower end into a pick plate (16), characterized in that a sensitive element (22) of a sensor (23) is arranged in a recess (21) of said pick shaft (14), and that said tamping pick (11) comprises a coupling element (24) for transmitting a sensor signal.

2. The tamping pick (11) according to claim 1, wherein said tamping pick (11) comprises electronics (28) of said sensor (23).

3. The tamping pick (11) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said sensitive element (22) is designed for recording several measurements occurring in said tamping pick (11).

4. The tamping pick (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein said coupling element (24) is an element of a detachable plug connection (26).

5. The tamping pick (11) according to any of claims 1 to 4, wherein said tamping pick (11) comprises an electronic component (30), in particular a trusted platform module, for marking said tamping pick (11).

6. The tamping pick (11) according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said sensitive element (22) is a strain element glued into said recess (21).

7. The tamping pick (11) according to any of claims 1 to 6, wherein said sensitive element (22) is a fiber optic cable having a fiber Bragg grating.

8. The tamping pick (11) according to claim 7, wherein said optical fibre cable protrudes from said recess (21) of said pick shaft (14) and the protruding portion of said optical fibre cable is sheathed with a flexible protective cover.

9. The tamping pick (11) according to any of claims 1 to 8, wherein said recess (21) is formed as a longitudinal hole in a core region of said pick shaft (14).

10. A tamping machine (1) for tamping a track (3), wherein oppositely positioned tamping tools (13) are supported on a vertically adjustable tool carrier (17), said tamping tools (13) being actuatable by vibration and being squeezable towards each other, characterized in that each tamping tool (13) comprises a pick holder (12), in which pick holder (12) a tamping pick (11) according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is fastened, and in that an evaluation device (25) is coupled to the sensor (23) of the respective tamping pick (11).

11. The tamper (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that said evaluation device (25) is connected to the respective sensor (23) by a plug connection (26), and the respective plug connection (26) is arranged in particular at the tool carrier (17).

12. A method for operating a tamping machine (1) according to claim 10 or 11, said tamping machine (1) having a tamping pick according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that during a tamping operation the measured values occurring in the respective tamping pick (11) are detected by the associated sensors (23) and recorded by the evaluation device (25).

13. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that a calibration procedure is performed for each sensor (23) prior to the tamping operation to determine calibration values.

14. Method according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that, prior to the tamping operation, a readout process is started for each tamping pick (11) and the tamping operation is prevented in case the electronic components (30) for marking the respective tamping pick (11) are lost or erroneous.

15. Method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that a change of a tamping pick (11) is recorded by the evaluation device (25).

Technical Field

The invention relates to a tamping pick of a tamping machine for tamping a track, comprising a pick shaft which has a holder at its upper end for fastening in a pick holder and which merges at its lower end into a pick plate. The invention also relates to a tamping machine for tamping a track, wherein the oppositely positioned tamping tools are supported on a vertically adjustable tool carrier and the tamping tools can be actuated by vibration and can be pressed towards one another. The invention also relates to a method for operating a tamping machine having a tamping pick.

Background

For example, WO 2011/003427 a1 discloses a tamping pick of a tamping machine for tamping a track. The tamping tool comprises a tamping tool with a pick holder for clamping the respective tamping pick.

From WO 2018/219570 a1, a method for compacting a track ballast bed by means of a tamping machine is known. In this case, a load cell is arranged on the pick carrier of the tamping unit in order to detect a change in the force acting on the tamping tool as a function of the path followed by the tamping tool during a vibration cycle. Alternatively, the strain gauges may be bonded to the outer surface of the respective tamping pick. However, disadvantages here are poor durability, complex application and high costs.

Disclosure of Invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a tamping pick of the type mentioned at the outset, with which an improved tamping operation can be carried out. It is another object of the present invention to provide a tamper for improving the performance of tamping operations. In addition, a corresponding improved method for operating a tamper machine is to be provided.

According to the invention, these objects are achieved by the features of the independent claims 1, 10 and 12. The dependent claims indicate advantageous embodiments of the invention.

The sensor element of the sensor is arranged in a recess of the shaft, and the tamping pick comprises a coupling element for transmitting the sensor signal. In this way, the tamping pick itself performs the function of a sensor for recording the measured values occurring in the tamping pick. Here, there is an optimum arrangement of the sensitive elements, since the recess in the pick shaft is matched to the characteristics of the sensor. The desired measured values can be recorded with high accuracy, wherein the integration of the sensitive element into the pick shaft prevents any influence of disturbing factors. In addition, the arrangement protects the sensitive elements from damage.

In an advantageous further development, the tamping pick comprises electronics of the sensor. In this way, for example, a calibration of the sensor or the sensitive element can be carried out before the tamping pick is shipped, wherein the calibration data can be stored in the electronics. Advantageously, the electronic device comprises a memory chip, the connector of which is led to the outside via a cable.

A further improvement proposes that the sensor is designed for recording several measured values occurring in the tamping pick. For example, in addition to the mechanical stress, the temperature of the tamping pick is also recorded. In this way, the sensors are adapted to monitor the operating conditions during the tamping process in order to derive therefrom any maintenance requirements.

In order to facilitate the exchange of the tamping pick, it is advantageous if the coupling element is an element of a detachable plug connection. When the tamping pick is replaced, the plug connection is released and the tamping pick is replaced by a new tamping pick. The new tamping pick has the same plug connector to restore the plug connection.

In order to ensure compatibility, the tamping pick advantageously comprises electronic components for marking the tamping pick. Advantageously, the electronic component is a so-called trusted platform module, which may prevent any manipulation of the tag.

In an advantageous embodiment of the tamping pick, the sensitive element is a strain element glued into the recess. In this way, the forces and accelerations acting on the tamping pick can be easily recorded.

A further improvement proposes that the sensitive element is a fiber optic cable with a fiber Bragg grating (fast-Bragg-giltter). With such a fiber bragg grating, extension, compression and bending can be measured at predetermined points of the fiber optic cable. From this, forces, accelerations and temperature changes can be deduced.

Advantageously, the optical fibre cable projects from the recess of the pick shaft and the projecting portion of the optical fibre cable is sheathed with a flexible boot. In this way, the fiber optic cable with the protective sheath is guided to the location where the evaluation electronics are arranged.

Advantageously, the recess is formed as a longitudinal bore in the core region of the pick shaft. The sensitive sensor element is therefore optimally protected against damage without adversely affecting the strength of the pick shaft. Optionally, a mechanical kink protector is arranged at the exit point.

In the tamping machine for tamping a track according to the invention, the oppositely positioned tamping tools are supported on a vertically adjustable tool carrier and can be actuated by vibration and pressed towards one another, wherein each tamping tool comprises a pick holder in which the aforementioned tamping pick is fastened, and wherein the evaluation device is coupled to the sensor of the respective tamping pick. In this way, it is possible to record the measured values occurring in the tamping pick during the tamping operation, in order to thus optimize the tamping operation.

In this case, it is advantageous if the evaluation device is connected to the respective sensor by a plug connection, and the respective plug connection is arranged in particular at the tool carrier. This simplifies the replacement of the tamping pick without disturbing the recording of the measured values.

The method according to the invention for operating the tamping machine with the tamping pick described above contemplates that during the tamping operation, the measured values occurring in the respective tamping pick are detected by the associated sensors and recorded by the evaluation device. Thus, the measurements recorded during the tamping process can be used to optimize the subsequent tamping process. In addition, the tamping mass and the occurring stresses can be recorded.

In an improved method, a calibration procedure is performed on each sensor prior to the tamping operation to determine calibration values. Such repeated updates of calibration values can ensure that each sensor is always operating at the highest accuracy.

A further development of the method provides that, prior to the tamping operation, a readout process is started for each tamping pick and that the tamping operation is prevented in the event of a loss or error of the electronic components for marking the respective tamping pick. This prevents the tamper from operating with the wrong tamping pick. Using the wrong tamping pick can result in loss of mass during tamping or result in greater wear. In addition, the wrong tamping pick cannot be used to record the measured values according to the invention.

In order to be able to check the current state of the tamping machine at any time, it is advantageous to record the replacement of the tamping pick by an evaluation device. Corresponding status data may also be transmitted to the cloud to record each replacement process.

Drawings

The invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

figure 1 shows a schematic view of a tamper;

fig. 2 shows a schematic view of a tamping unit;

fig. 3 shows a schematic view of a tamping pick with a longitudinal bore;

fig. 4 shows a schematic view of a tamping pick with a sensing element and a coupling element; and

fig. 5 shows a schematic view of a tamping pick in a pick holder.

Detailed Description

The tamping machine 1 shown in fig. 1 is movable on a track 3 to be tamped by means of an on-track running gear 2 and comprises a tamping unit 4, a pick-up unit 5, a measuring system 6 and a machine control 7. The track 3 is a ballast track in which a track section formed by sleepers 8 and rails 9 is supported in a ballast bed 10. During the tamping operation, the track panel is lifted to the target position and optionally moved sideways by the lifting unit 5. The current position of the track panel is compared with the target position by the measuring system 6.

The target position is fixed, the tamping unit 4 with the vibrating tamping pick 11 penetrating into the ballast bed 10 between the sleepers 8 and compacting the ballast below the sleepers 8 by a pressing movement. The lifting unit 5 and the tamping unit 4 are controlled simultaneously by the machine control 7 by means of the measuring system 6.

Each tamping pick 11 is fastened in a pick holder 12 of a tamping tool 13. For this purpose, the shaft 14 of the respective tamping pick 11 has a holder 15 at its upper end, which holder 15 engages in the pick holder 12. The holder 15 is, for example, cylindrical in design and cooperates with a cylindrical inner surface of the pick holder 12. The holding portion 15 is wedged into the pick holder 12 by means of a screw. At the lower end of the pick shaft 14, the pick shaft 14 merges into a pick plate 16.

The oppositely positioned tamping tools 13 are supported in a pliers-like manner on a common tool carrier 17. The tool carrier 17 is guided for vertical adjustment in the assembly frame 18. The upper end of the tamping tool 13 is connected to a vibration generator 20 via a corresponding press drive 19. The pressing drive 19 is supported, for example, on a rotating eccentric shaft. In an alternative design, the vibration generation is integrated in the respective pressing drive 19. Here, a periodic oscillation stroke is superimposed on the compression stroke in the hydraulic cylinder.

In order to monitor and optionally influence the quality of the tamping process, at least one measured value occurring in the tamping pick 11 is recorded. For this purpose, the sensor element 22 of the sensor 23 is arranged in the recess 21 of the pick shaft 14. The measured values are fed to an evaluation device 25 via a coupling element 24 connected to the sensor 22. In the variant shown in fig. 2, the evaluation device 25 is connected to the respective sensor 23 by a plug connection 26. The evaluation device 25 is provided, for example, in the machine control device 7.

Advantageously, the sensitive element 22 is a fiber optic cable with a fiber bragg grating. Here, the portion having the fiber bragg grating is bonded into the recess 21 of the pick shaft 14. In this manner, the extension, compression or bending in the pickaxe shaft 14 is transferred to the fiber optic cable. The fiber optic cable is guided out of the pick shaft 14 at the recess opening 27. Advantageously, a mechanical protection device is arranged here to avoid damage of the fiber optic cable. In an example according to claim 2, the protruding part of the fiber optic cable connected to the sensor electronics 28 forms the coupling element 24. This portion is sheathed with a flexible sheath (e.g. an armoured hose).

Further, the elongation, compression and bending of the pickaxe shaft 14 recorded by the optical fiber sensor 23 are then analyzed. For example, force, acceleration and temperature changes are determined by calculation in the evaluation device 25. Other measurement values may also be derived from the measurement signal by the sensor electronics 28. The basis of which is a previous calibration procedure.

Calibration of the sensor 23 is performed, for example, by the manufacturer before shipment. During this time, the calibration data is stored in the sensor 23 or in a separate memory element. Advantageously, the memory chip 29 is glued into the tamping pick 11, the connector of the memory chip 29 being guided to the outside via a cable. In the optional wireless sensor 23, the memory chip data is read out by a reader which may be designed to be fixed or removable. The data are transmitted to the machine control device 7 via a radio interface.

Alternatively or additionally, for initial calibration, an automatic calibration procedure is performed before each use of the machine. Here, a calibration value is determined for each tamping pick. The updated value is stored in the memory chip 29.

Usefully, the tamping pick 11 comprises a further electronic component 30, which electronic component 30 enables electronic marking of the tamping pick 11. For example, a so-called Trusted Platform Module (Trusted Platform Module) is implemented, which ensures the tamper-proof recognition of the tamping pick 11 (f: (f))Identification). Advantageously, the memory chip 29 and the electronic components 30 are integrated into the sensor electronics 28.

The machine control 7 is here arranged such that the readout process is started after the machine 1 is put into use and before the first tamping operation is carried out. If the respective electronic component 30 is lost or if the respective tamping pick 11 cannot be identified, the tamping operation is prevented. Thus, the tamping operation is prevented from being performed with the wrong tamping pick. The readout process can also be used to record the change of tamping pick.

In fig. 3, the recess 21 is shown as a longitudinal bore in the core region of the pick shaft 14. This does not weaken the pick shaft 14 because the geometrical moment of inertia of the pick shaft cross section is only slightly affected. The longitudinal bore extends approximately to the pick plate 16. Therefore, the reaction force of the ballast bed 10 acting on the pick plate 16 can be detected directly using the fiber bragg grating at the end of the optical fiber cable bonded therein. In a simpler variant, the recess 21 is designed as a groove along the pick shaft 14, wherein the groove is sealed after the sensor element 22 has been installed.

In the region of the recess opening 27, a countersink for the sensor electronics 28 is provided. Here, the memory chip 29 and the electronic component 30 as well as the plug contacts 31 are also accommodated in an electronic device housing glued therein (fig. 4). In a variant of this embodiment, the tamping pick 11 accommodates the entire sensor 23.

In the mounted state of the tamping pick 11, the plug contact 31 is connected to the contact of the pick holder 12 (fig. 5). The plug connection 26 is arranged in a protected manner in the pick holder 12 and connects the sensor 23 to an evaluation device 25 fastened to the tamping tool 13. Connected to the machine control means 7 via a cable or via a radio interface.

Direct recording of the mechanical force, the vibration and optionally the temperature in the tamping pick 11 enables continuous condition monitoring. This relates firstly to the condition of the treated ballast bed 10. From this, the adjusted control parameters can be derived in order to adapt the tamping process to the respective ballast bed state. This is done automatically in the machine control 7 on the basis of all sensor data and allows the control of the unit drives to be optimized.

In addition to recording the condition of the ballast bed 10, the sensors 23 are also used to record the individual tamping processes. During this time, it is useful if the range of the individual measured values is specified in order to identify any undesired deviations early. In this way, operational errors and progressive wear indications can be determined (by condition monitoring). Evaluation of the recorded data enables active maintenance (predictive maintenance) of the wearing part, in particular of the tamping pick 11.