阅读说明：本技术 苯乙醇在防治小麦赤霉病中的应用 (Application of phenethyl alcohol in prevention and treatment of wheat scab ) 是由 胥倩 田纪春 汤娜文 王群青 于 2021-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了苯乙醇在防治小麦赤霉病中的应用,属于植物源杀菌剂技术领域。本发明研究发现,苯乙醇对禾谷镰刀菌菌丝径向生长、对禾谷镰刀菌孢子囊的产生及孢子的产生、萌发均具有明显的抑制作用；在大田防治实验中,用苯乙醇对小麦穗进行熏蒸处理和喷施处理均能降低病小穗率,说明苯乙醇对禾谷镰刀菌具有抑制作用。与1-苯乙醇和苯甲醇相比,在PDA培养基添加400μg/ml苯乙醇熏蒸处理下,能完全抑制禾谷镰刀菌菌丝的生长,苯乙醇的抑制效果明显优于1-苯乙醇和苯甲醇。因此,抑制禾谷镰刀菌是苯乙醇的特性,通过对小麦穗施加苯乙醇,能够对小麦赤霉病起到有效的防治作用,对防治小麦赤霉病有重要意义。(The invention discloses application of phenethyl alcohol in preventing and treating wheat scab, and belongs to the technical field of botanical fungicides. The research of the invention finds that the phenethyl alcohol has obvious inhibiting effect on the radial growth of fusarium graminearum mycelium, the generation of fusarium graminearum sporangium and the generation and germination of spores; in a field control experiment, the disease spikelet rate can be reduced by fumigating and spraying the wheat spikes by using the phenethyl alcohol, which shows that the phenethyl alcohol has an inhibiting effect on fusarium graminearum. Compared with 1-phenethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol, the growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae can be completely inhibited under the fumigation treatment of adding 400 mu g/ml phenethyl alcohol into the PDA culture medium, and the inhibition effect of the phenethyl alcohol is obviously better than that of the 1-phenethyl alcohol and the benzyl alcohol. Therefore, the inhibition of fusarium graminearum is the characteristic of phenethyl alcohol, and the phenethyl alcohol is applied to wheat ears, so that the effective prevention and control effect on wheat scab can be achieved, and the inhibition of fusarium graminearum is of great significance to the prevention and control of wheat scab.)

1. The application of phenethyl alcohol in preventing and treating wheat scab is initiated by fusarium graminearum serving as a pathogenic bacterium.

2. The use according to claim 1, characterized in that phenethyl alcohol is used for controlling wheat scab by at least one of the following routes (1) to (3):

(1) inhibiting the radial growth of fusarium graminearum mycelium;

(2) inhibiting the production of fusarium graminearum sporocysts;

(3) inhibiting the generation and germination of fusarium graminearum spores.

3. A method for preventing and treating wheat scab by using phenethyl alcohol is characterized by comprising the step of treating wheat ears by using the phenethyl alcohol.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the processing is specifically: in the wheat flowering period, the wheat ears are fumigated by beta-phenethyl alcohol with the concentration of 1000-1200 mg/L.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the processing is specifically: in the wheat flowering period, the beta-phenethyl alcohol with the concentration of 1000-1200mg/L is adopted to carry out spraying treatment on the wheat ears.

6. Use of phenethyl alcohol in the following (1) or (2):

(1) preparing fusarium graminearum bactericide;

(2) preparing the medicine for preventing and treating wheat scab.

7. The use as claimed in claim 6, wherein the medicament for preventing and treating wheat scab is applied in the form of fumigant.

8. The fusarium graminearum bactericide is characterized by taking phenethyl alcohol with effective amount as an active ingredient.

9. The fusarium graminearum fungicide of claim 7 has at least one of the following uses (1) to (2):

(1) the method is used for wheat production preservation;

(2) the quality of the wheat grains is ensured.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of botanical fungicides, in particular to application of phenethyl alcohol in prevention and treatment of wheat scab.

Background

Fusarium graminearum, also known as fusarium graminearum, is a semi-living vegetative fungus, and can infect ears, stems, stem bases, roots and other parts of cereal crops such as wheat, barley, rice, oat and the like to cause diseases such as ear rot, stem rot, root rot and the like and also infect other plants.

Wheat scab is a fungal disease caused by fusarium graminearum as the main pathogenic bacterium. Since 2010, areas endangered by wheat scab gradually spread under the influences of factors such as climate warming, lack of disease-resistant varieties, returning of a large amount of straws to fields and the like. After the fusarium graminearum is infected, the yield of the wheat is reduced, and the wheat is dead harvested in severe cases, so that huge economic loss is caused; meanwhile, the quality of the wheat grains is reduced, and the edible quality and the commercial value are reduced; and fusarium graminearum toxin accumulation has toxic action on the health of people and livestock, and threatens grain safety.

Wheat scab can occur at multiple stages in the growth cycle of wheat, seedling stage infection causes seedling rot, the middle and later stages gradually extend to the whole ear to cause stalk rot and ear rot, and diseased ears are withered and yellow immediately. The ascospores produced by fusarium graminearum are important infection sources causing the primary infection of wheat scab, and the conidia are also important infection sources causing the secondary infection of wheat scab. In the flowering period of wheat, a large amount of ascospores can be released in a proper environment and spread to wheat ears in the flowering period under the action of external force such as wind power, rainwater and the like. Then, a large amount of hyphae are germinated to infect a host, so that the host cell is necrotized and disintegrated, and finally the wheat head is withered.

Plant source bactericidal substances widely exist in nature and are important sources for finding ideal pesticide bactericides. The botanical fungicide utilizes some antibacterial substances contained in some plants or induced phytodefensins to kill or effectively inhibit the growth and development of some pathogenic bacteria. The antibacterial compounds in plants are secondary metabolites with antibacterial activity produced by plants, and comprise terpenoids, phenols, fatty acid derivatives, and other various types, such as artemisinin (cathillin) and Saponin (Saponin). Research shows that about 4000 plants have prevention effect on crop diseases and insect pests, and the plants with antibacterial activity account for about 1/3 of all plants. These plants are highly likely to be useful as pesticides. The active component in the botanical fungicide is a component generated by the plant, so the botanical fungicide is easy to decompose and cannot destroy the ecological balance. Therefore, plant-derived fungicides have been recognized as green pesticides. In the future, the application of the plant source bactericide will be very wide, and the plant source bactericide will play an increasingly important role in protecting the ecological environment.

At present, the medicines for preventing and treating wheat scab are mainly bactericides such as cyanoacrylate medicines such as cyanacidamide, azole medicines such as tebuconazole, prochloraz and epoxiconazole, benzimidazole medicines such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl, biogenic pesticides such as tetramycin, polyoxin B and strobilurin. However, in recent years, it has been found that gibberellic disease in many regions has developed a high level of resistance to fungicides such as carbendazim, and some of the fungicides are expensive. If a new compound with medicinal effect is found, the compound has great significance for preventing and treating wheat scab.

The phenethyl alcohol is edible spice which is allowed to be used according to the specification of China, and the dosage of the phenethyl alcohol is used for preparing essences of honey, bread, peach, berry and the like according to the normal production requirement. Can also be used for preparing rose flower essential oil and various flower essence, such as jasmine flower essence, clove flower essence, orange flower essence, etc., almost all the flower essential oil can be prepared, and the method can be widely used for preparing soap essence and cosmetic essence. In addition, various edible essences such as strawberry, peach, plum, melon, caramel, honey essence, butter, etc. can also be blended. At present, no relevant report about the application of phenethyl alcohol in preventing and treating wheat scab exists.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide the application of phenethyl alcohol in preventing and treating wheat scab.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect of the invention, the use of phenylethyl alcohol for the control of wheat scab caused by fusarium graminearum as a pathogen is provided.

Further, the phenethyl alcohol can prevent and treat wheat scab through at least one of the following ways (1) to (3):

(1) inhibiting the radial growth of fusarium graminearum mycelium;

(2) inhibiting the production of fusarium graminearum sporocysts;

(3) inhibiting the generation and germination of fusarium graminearum spores.

Preferably, the phenethyl alcohol is beta-phenethyl alcohol, and the chemical structural formula of the phenethyl alcohol is shown as follows:

in a second aspect of the invention, a method for preventing and treating wheat scab by using phenethyl alcohol is provided, which comprises the step of treating wheat ears by using the phenethyl alcohol.

Preferably, the treatment specifically comprises: in the wheat flowering period, the wheat ears are fumigated by beta-phenethyl alcohol with the concentration of 1000-1200 mg/L.

Preferably, the treatment specifically comprises: in the wheat flowering period, the beta-phenethyl alcohol with the concentration of 1000-1200mg/L is adopted to carry out spraying treatment on the wheat ears.

In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a use of phenethyl alcohol in the following (1) or (2):

(1) preparing fusarium graminearum bactericide;

(2) preparing the medicine for preventing and treating wheat scab.

Preferably, in the application, the application of the medicament for preventing and treating wheat scab is a fumigant.

In the fourth aspect of the invention, the fusarium graminearum bactericide is provided, and the fusarium graminearum bactericide takes phenylethyl alcohol with effective amount as an active ingredient.

In a fifth aspect of the present invention, there is provided the above fusarium graminearum fungicide having at least one of the following uses (1) to (2): (1) the method is used for wheat production preservation; (2) the quality of the wheat grains is ensured.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the phenethyl alcohol has obvious inhibition effects on radial growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae and generation and germination of fusarium graminearum sporangium, can play an effective prevention and treatment effect on fusarium graminearum, and has great significance on prevention and treatment of wheat scab.

2. The phenethyl alcohol has low production raw material cost, simple production process and short production period, is beneficial to industrial production and transportation, and provides a new method for developing and applying a new bactericide preparation.

3. The phenethyl alcohol is a natural plant extract, is used in the field of food, is not easy to generate resistance, can effectively inhibit the occurrence of wheat scab, and can not cause the 3R phenomenon (residual quantity, drug resistance and rampant increase) of the traditional control method.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a mass chromatogram of phenethyl alcohol in disease-resistant wheat gaseous volatile matter.

FIG. 2 is a mass chromatogram of phenethyl alcohol in the disease-sensitive wheat gaseous volatile matter of the present invention.

After fusarium graminearum is inoculated, the main components of spike volatile matters of the disease-resistant wheat variety are measured by a gas chromatography-mass spectrometer, and the concentration of phenethyl alcohol in the spike volatile matters of the disease-resistant variety is obviously higher than that of the disease-resistant variety (figure 1 and figure 2), which shows that the phenethyl alcohol is beneficial to the defense reaction of wheat to fusarium graminearum.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of phenylethyl alcohol on the morphology of Fusarium graminearum hyphae in accordance with the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 3, the phenylethanol-treated hyphae (PEA) showed no significant change in hyphae compared to the control hyphae (CK), but the number of sporangia was significantly reduced, and the phenylethanol inhibited the formation of Fusarium graminearum sporangia.

FIG. 4 is a graph showing the germination inhibition of Fusarium graminearum spores by phenethyl alcohol according to the present invention.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the concentration of phenethyl alcohol reached 2200. mu.g/ml, the germination of Fusarium graminearum conidia was significantly inhibited.

FIG. 5 is a control diagram of a field experiment of wheat scab control with phenethyl alcohol according to the invention by a fumigation method.

FIG. 6 is a control diagram of a field experiment of wheat scab control with phenethyl alcohol by a spraying method.

In fig. 5 and 6, the interior of the rectangular box or arrow indicates the diseased spikelet.

As can be seen from FIGS. 5 and 6, in the field control experiment, the spikelet rate of wheat scab was reduced after the phenethyl alcohol was applied by the fumigation method and the spraying method, and the control effect on wheat scab was comparable to that of the conventional pesticide tebuconazole when the phenethyl alcohol was applied at a concentration of 1200. mu.g/ml. The experiment proves that the phenethyl alcohol has obvious inhibition effect on the fusarium graminearum PH-1 and can be widely applied to preventing and treating the fusarium graminearum.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing the effect of the experiment of fumigation after inoculation of PDA medium and addition of phenethyl alcohol, 1-phenethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol at different concentrations.

The experimental results of fig. 7 show that: compared with 1-phenethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol, the growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae can be completely inhibited under the fumigation treatment of adding 400 mu g/ml phenethyl alcohol into the PDA culture medium, and the inhibition effect of the phenethyl alcohol is obviously better than that of the 1-phenethyl alcohol and the benzyl alcohol.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

As mentioned above, the existing medicines for preventing and treating wheat scab are mainly cyanoacrylate medicines such as phenamacril, azole medicines such as tebuconazole, prochloraz and epoxiconazole, benzimidazole medicines such as carbendazim and thiophanate-methyl, biogenic pesticides such as tetramycin, polyoxin B and strobilurin medicines such as enestroburin. However, it has been found in recent years that many regions of gibberellic disease have developed a high level of resistance to fungicides such as carbendazim, and some of the fungicides are expensive.

The present invention has been found experimentally to measure phenethyl alcohol in disease and disease resistant wheat volatiles (as shown in figures 1 and 2). The research of the invention further discovers that the phenethyl alcohol has obvious inhibiting effect on the radial growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae, the generation of fusarium graminearum sporangium and the generation and germination of spores, and has great significance for preventing and treating wheat scab.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available. Wherein: phenethyl alcohol (β -phenethyl alcohol) was purchased from Shanghai-derived leaf Biotech, Inc., and has the following chemical structural formula:

the chemical structural formula of the 1-phenethyl alcohol is as follows:

the chemical structural formula of benzyl alcohol is:

fusarium graminearum wild type strain PH-1 is from Shandong university of agriculture. The public was available from the applicant for repeat testing within 20 years from the filing date.

The composition of the culture medium used in the examples of the present invention was:

cmc (carboxyymethylcellulose) medium formulation:

PDA medium (1L):

example 1: influence of phenethyl alcohol on radial growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae

Activating strains: a small block of the preserved fusarium graminearum PH-1 strain (or 200 mul of the absorbed and stored bacterium liquid) is picked by an inoculating needle and inoculated on a PDA plate, and the PDA plate is inverted in an incubator at 25 ℃ and cultured in the dark for 3 to 4 days. Storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ for later use, wherein the PDA bacterial plate can be generally placed for 1 month; when the experiment needs, a small piece of bacterial cake is punched by a bacterial colony edge sterile puncher and inoculated to a CMC culture medium for culture.

Adding a certain amount of phenethyl alcohol into a PDA culture medium to prepare a series of drug-containing culture media with final concentration of the phenethyl alcohol of 0mg/L, 1400mg/L, 1600mg/L, 1800mg/L, 2000mg/L and 2200mg/L, beating a plurality of fungus cakes of the fusarium graminearum PH-1 after strain activation on the culture medium, and placing the culture medium with the final concentration of the phenethyl alcohol of 0mg/L as a control in an incubator at 25 ℃ for dark culture. The colony diameter for each treatment in the experiment was measured using the cross method. The half-maximal effect concentration (EC50), the 95% maximal effect concentration (EC95) and the 99% maximal effect concentration (EC99) of phenethyl alcohol on the pH-1 hyphae of fusarium graminearum at each concentration are calculated and shown in Table 1. The result shows that the phenethyl alcohol can obviously inhibit the radial growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae.

Fusarium graminearum hyphae growth inhibition rate (%) - (control colony diameter-cake diameter) - (treated colony diameter-cake diameter) ]/(control colony diameter-cake diameter) × 100%

Table 1: radial growth of Phenylethanol on hyphae EC50, EC95 and EC99

	EC50(mg/L)	EC95(mg/L)	EC99(mg/L)
				PH-1	693.7984	1757.5642	1973.0142

Example 2: influence of phenethyl alcohol on the form of Fusarium graminearum PH-1 hyphae

Taking two activated fusarium graminearum PH-1 liquid culture mycelia, adding phenethyl alcohol (1mg/ml) into one of the activated fusarium graminearum PH-1 liquid culture mycelia, standing for 6h, taking the other one as a control without any treatment, and observing the hypha form under a microscope.

As shown in FIG. 3, the number of sporangia was significantly reduced, and the formation of sporangia was suppressed, although the number of hyphae was not significantly changed in the phenethyl alcohol-treated hyphae (PEA) as compared with the control hyphae (CK).

Example 3: effect of Phenylethanol on spore germination

Preparation of spore suspension: taking activated fusarium graminearum PH-1 for liquid culture, sucking out all CMC culture medium, discarding, adding sterilized tap water into a culture dish, immersing mycelium blocks, washing with sterilized tap water every 10min, changing water for the last time after washing for 3 times, just immersing the mycelium without adding too much water, and placing the plate in the dark at 25 ℃ for 6 h.

Controlling the concentration of the spore suspension to 5 multiplied by 105/mL by a method of counting by a blood counting plate, preparing a drug-containing culture medium with the final concentration of phenethyl alcohol of 0-2200 mug/mL, adding 0.1mL of spore suspension, uniformly coating by a coater, and observing the spore germination condition of all the treated culture media, as shown in figure 4 and table 2. As can be seen from FIG. 4, when the concentration of phenethyl alcohol reached 2200. mu.g/ml, the germination of conidia was significantly inhibited.

Table 2: effect of Phenylethanol on spore germination

Concentration (μ g/ml)	2200	2000	1800	1600	1400	1200
							Phenylethanolic acid	-	+	+	+	+	+
Concentration (μ g/ml)	1000	800	600	400	200	CK
							Phenylethanolic acid	+	+	+	+	+	+

Note: "+" there is conidium germination; "-" No conidia Germination

Example 4: experiment of field for controlling wheat scab by phenethyl alcohol

Fusarium graminearum inoculation:

adopting a single flower drip method, selecting wheat plants in the full bloom stage for pathogenicity determination. Preparing spore suspension of Fusarium graminearum PH-1, adjusting spore concentration to 5 × 10⁵Per mL; 10 mu L of spore suspension is absorbed and dropped on the florea in the middle of the spikelet palea and palea. Bagging and moisturizing for 72 hours.

Controlling effect treatment:

considering that the safety of plants is possibly influenced by overhigh concentration of phenethyl alcohol, the concentration of the phenethyl alcohol is properly reduced in a field test, a series of drug-containing solutions with the final concentration of the phenethyl alcohol of 0 mu g/ml, 600 mu g/ml, 800 mu g/ml, 1000 mu g/ml and 1200 mu g/ml are prepared by distilled water, and the phenethyl alcohol solutions with different concentrations are applied to the inoculated wheat ears by adopting a fumigation method and a spraying method respectively; marking the treatment with the final concentration of 0mg/L of the applied phenethyl alcohol as a negative control and as CK 0; the tebuconazole treatment, which is a commonly used pesticide, was designated as a positive control (tebuconazole treatment according to the instructions: 43% tebuconazole suspension 15ml with 30L of water) and designated as CK 1. Disease indices were counted after 7d, 14d and recorded by photography (fig. 5 and 6). Calculating the ear rate of scab to judge the severity of scab.

Disease spikelet rate (PSS) × 100%

The statistics of the spikelet rates for each treatment after 14d are shown in Table 3.

Table 3: statistical result of spikelet rate of 14d after-disease

Concentration (μ g/ml)

CK0

600

800

1000

1200

CK1

Spraying method

69.70％

63.00％

53.80％

53.00％

27.60％

37.30％

Fumigating method

68.20％

55.60％

45.20％

38.60％

25.10％

25.70％

The results show that: in a field control experiment, the disease spikelet rate is reduced after the phenethyl alcohol is applied, and the reduction degree of the disease spikelet rate and the concentration of the applied phenethyl alcohol have a certain positive correlation; when the concentration of the applied phenethyl alcohol is 1200mg/L, the control effect on wheat scab is equivalent to that of the common pesticide tebuconazole.

In addition, the application mode of the phenethyl alcohol can also influence the control effect on the wheat scab caused by fusarium graminearum, and compared with the spraying method, the control effect of the phenethyl alcohol fumigation is better.

Experiments show that the phenethyl alcohol has obvious inhibition effect on fusarium graminearum PH-1 and can be widely applied to preventing and treating fusarium graminearum.

Example 5: fusarium graminearum control effect contrast experiment

The above tests show that: the phenethyl alcohol has obvious inhibition effects on radial growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae, generation of fusarium graminearum sporangium and generation and germination of spores, and the phenethyl alcohol can play an effective prevention and control effect on fusarium graminearum.

In order to further investigate the characteristic that the effect is beta-phenethyl alcohol and the commonality of aromatic alcohol substances, the invention selects 1-phenethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol to carry out an experimental effect comparison test. The method comprises the following specific steps:

after inoculating fusarium graminearum PH-1 on a PDA culture medium, placing autoclave filter paper on the top of a culture dish, adding phenethyl alcohol (beta-phenethyl alcohol), 1-phenethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol with different concentrations (200 mug/ml and 400 mug/ml) on the filter paper, and then carrying out fumigation treatment, wherein the same amount of distilled water is added as a blank Control (CK). The experimental effect graph is shown in fig. 7.

The experimental results of fig. 7 show that: compared with 1-phenethyl alcohol and benzyl alcohol, the growth of fusarium graminearum hyphae can be completely inhibited under the fumigation treatment of adding 400 mu g/ml phenethyl alcohol into the PDA culture medium, and the inhibition effect of the phenethyl alcohol is obviously better than that of the 1-phenethyl alcohol and the benzyl alcohol.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.