阅读说明：本技术 利用焚烧底渣制备的轻质板材及其制备方法和应用 (Light plate prepared by utilizing incineration bottom slag and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 王娟 董庆广 陈宁 龙天艳 赵立群 曹黎颖 赵玉静 于 2021-08-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种利用焚烧底渣制备的轻质板材及其制备方法和应用,所述制备方法包括：(1)取焚烧底渣,进行预处理,所述预处理包括以下步骤：步骤一：取焚烧底渣,水洗后晾干,过筛；步骤二：对焚烧底渣中的玻璃进行分选,以调整焚烧底渣中的玻璃含量及粒径；步骤三：对焚烧底渣进行分选,以调节焚烧底渣颗粒级配,得到预处理焚烧底渣；(2)按质量百分比取10～30％的预处理焚烧底渣、15～20％的水泥、0～20％的尾矿砂、40～60％的煤灰渣,混合并加入适量水搅拌均匀后,压制成型,得到轻质板材。本发明提供的轻质板材具备较高的抗压强度及体积稳定性,耐久性能良好,解决了目前现有的利用焚烧发电底渣制备的轻质板材容易导致自身裂纹、拼缝部分开裂的问题。(The invention provides a light plate prepared by utilizing incineration bottom slag and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) taking incineration bottom slag, and carrying out pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: taking the incineration bottom slag, washing with water, drying in the air, and sieving; step two: sorting the glass in the incineration bottom slag to adjust the content and the particle size of the glass in the incineration bottom slag; step three: sorting the incineration bottom slag to adjust the particle grading of the incineration bottom slag to obtain pretreated incineration bottom slag; (2) taking 10-30% of pretreated incineration bottom slag, 15-20% of cement, 0-20% of tailing sand and 40-60% of coal ash according to mass percentage, mixing, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, and performing compression molding to obtain the light plate. The lightweight board provided by the invention has higher compressive strength and volume stability and good durability, and solves the problems that the existing lightweight board prepared by burning the power generation bottom slag is easy to cause self-cracking and crack of a abutted seam part.)

1. A preparation method of a light plate prepared by using bottom slag incineration is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) taking incineration bottom slag, and carrying out pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: taking the incineration bottom slag, washing with water, drying in the air, and sieving;

step two: sorting the glass in the incineration bottom slag to adjust the content and the particle size of the glass in the incineration bottom slag;

step three: sorting the incineration bottom slag to adjust the particle grading of the incineration bottom slag to obtain pretreated incineration bottom slag;

(2) taking 10-30% of pretreated incineration bottom slag, 15-20% of cement, 0-20% of tailing sand and 40-60% of coal ash according to mass percentage, mixing, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, and performing compression molding to obtain the light plate.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the order of step two and step three can be reversed.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, after the incineration residue is washed, the sludge content is controlled to be less than 1%;

preferably, after the incineration residues are washed, the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 1%.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein in the first step, the incineration bottom slag is dried and then screened by a 4.75mm sieve.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein in the second step, the glass in the bottom incineration slag is sorted to remove glass particles with the particle size of more than 3mm, and the content of the glass in the bottom incineration slag is controlled to be less than 5%.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that in the third step, the incineration bottom slag is sorted, and the content of particles with the particle size of 2.36mm-4.75mm in the incineration bottom slag is controlled to be less than 20%.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein after the press forming, the lightweight board is cured under standard curing conditions.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the standard curing conditions are curing to an age at a temperature of 20 ± 2 ℃ and a humidity of 90% or more;

preferably, the age is above 28 d.

9. A lightweight board produced by using the incineration bottom slag, characterized in that the lightweight board is produced by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10. Use of a lightweight board produced by burning bottom ash according to claim 9 in a wall construction material;

preferably, the application is as a material for building wall partitions.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of building materials, in particular to a light plate prepared by burning bottom slag and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The application of novel walls (materials) such as light partition wall plates meets the connotation of developing assembly type buildings, and the assembly type building wall materials are inevitably developed from building blocks to plates. From the development situation of the current industry, due to the shortage of resources, the development of the light partition wall board is limited to a great extent, and the problem of insufficient resources needs to be solved urgently. With the requirement for protecting ecological resources being raised to a new height, resource development is further reduced, exploitation of natural gravels is forbidden in most areas in China, resource shortage is further aggravated, and engineering application of the light partition wall plate is restricted.

The typical municipal solid waste, namely the household garbage incinerator slag, is a very representative one of many solid wastes. In 2019, the harmless treatment capacity of municipal solid waste in China is 19673.8 ten thousand tons, wherein the incineration capacity is 6885.8 ten thousand tons, and the percentage of the incineration capacity is 35%.

The incineration power generation bottom slag is a main object of slag resource utilization at present, and the direction of the incineration power generation bottom slag resource utilization is approximately in the following aspects: as various roadbed materials; used as the aggregate of non-reinforced concrete; used as aggregate of asphalt mixture and novel wall material. However, at present, the incineration power generation bottom slag has complex components, so when the incineration power generation bottom slag is directly used as concrete aggregate, the concrete is easy to expand and crack, and when the incineration power generation bottom slag is used for preparing the light partition wall board, the use defects such as crack of the light partition wall board, crack of a seam splicing part and the like are easy to occur. Therefore, development of a lightweight board having long-term durability and excellent volume stability, which can effectively utilize the incineration power generation bottom slag as a resource, is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a light board prepared by using incineration bottom slag, and a preparation method and an application thereof, so as to solve the problems that the light board is easy to crack and the abutted seam part cracks due to poor volume stability and long-term durability when the light board is prepared by using incineration bottom slag for power generation at present.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for producing a lightweight board from bottom ash by incineration, the method comprising:

(1) taking incineration bottom slag, and carrying out pretreatment, wherein the pretreatment comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: taking the incineration bottom slag, washing with water, drying in the air, and sieving;

step two: sorting the glass in the incineration bottom slag to adjust the content and the particle size of the glass in the incineration bottom slag;

step three: sorting the incineration bottom slag to adjust the particle grading of the incineration bottom slag to obtain pretreated incineration bottom slag;

(2) taking 10-30% of pretreated incineration bottom slag, 15-20% of cement, 0-20% of tailing sand and 40-60% of coal ash according to mass percentage, mixing, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, and performing compression molding to obtain the light plate.

Preferably, the order of step two and step three may be reversed.

Preferably, in the first step, after the incineration residue is washed, the sludge content is controlled to be less than 1%.

Preferably, in the first step, after the incineration residues are washed, the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 1%.

Preferably, in the step one, the incineration bottom slag is dried and then screened by a 4.75mm sieve.

Preferably, in the second step, the glass in the bottom incineration slag is sorted, glass particles with the particle size of more than 3mm are removed, and the content of the glass in the bottom incineration slag is controlled to be less than 5%.

Preferably, in the third step, the incineration bottom slag is sorted, and the content of particles with the particle size of 2.36mm-4.75mm in the incineration bottom slag is controlled to be less than 20%.

Preferably, after press forming, the light board is obtained by curing under standard curing conditions.

Preferably, the standard curing conditions refer to curing to the age under the conditions that the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is more than 90%.

Preferably, the age is above 28 d.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a lightweight board produced by using the incineration bottom slag, the lightweight board being produced by the production method according to the first aspect.

In a third aspect, the invention provides a use of the lightweight board prepared by burning the bottom slag in the second aspect in a building wall material.

Preferably, the application is as a material for building wall partitions.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the pretreated incineration bottom slag provided by the invention has a low free expansion rate, a low alkali-aggregate reaction degree and good volume stability.

(2) The lightweight board prepared by the invention has higher compressive strength and autoclaved volume stability, and has good durability.

(3) The invention uses the incineration power generation bottom slag for preparing the light plate, and can improve the resource utilization rate of the incineration power generation bottom slag. Meanwhile, the incineration power generation bottom slag with poor volume stability is reduced to enter the building market, and the improvement of the quality of the building engineering is facilitated.

(4) The invention replaces natural aggregate with the incineration power generation bottom slag, can reduce the problem of resource shortage in the building industry and reduce carbon emission. Therefore, the resource utilization of the incineration power generation bottom slag not only conforms to the overall requirements of building resource-saving and environment-friendly society in China, but also can solve the problem of natural sand resource shortage, and has certain economic and social benefits.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a topographical view of incineration bottom slag provided in comparative example 1;

FIG. 2 is a topographical view of the incinerated bottom slag obtained after washing in example 1;

FIG. 3 is a free expansion ratio-age curve of incineration bottom slag;

FIG. 4 is a morphology chart of the existing plate provided in comparative example 1 after boiling and steaming;

fig. 5 is a topography of the light plate provided in example 1 after being boiled and autoclaved.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples are only for the understanding of the present invention and should not be construed as the specific limitations of the present invention.

Example 1

A preparation method of a light plate prepared by burning bottom slag comprises the following steps:

(1) taking incineration bottom slag, and pretreating the incineration bottom slag:

the method comprises the following steps: taking the incineration bottom slag, washing with water to ensure that the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 1%, then airing, and sieving by a 4.75mm sieve.

Step two: sorting the glass in the bottom incineration slag, removing glass particles with the particle size of more than 3mm, and controlling the content of the glass in the bottom incineration slag to be less than 5%.

Step three: sorting the incineration bottom slag, and controlling the content of particles with the particle size of 2.36-4.75 mm in the incineration bottom slag to be less than 20%.

(2) Taking 20% of pretreated incineration bottom slag, 20% of cement and 60% of coal ash slag according to the mass percentage, mixing, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, pressing and forming, and curing for at least 28 days under the standard curing condition that the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is more than 90%, so as to obtain the light plate.

Example 2

A preparation method of a light plate prepared by burning bottom slag comprises the following steps:

(1) taking incineration bottom slag, and pretreating the incineration bottom slag:

the method comprises the following steps: taking the incineration bottom slag, washing with water to ensure that the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 1%, then airing, and sieving by a 4.75mm sieve.

Step two: sorting the glass in the bottom incineration slag, removing glass particles with the particle size of more than 3mm, and controlling the content of the glass in the bottom incineration slag to be less than 5%.

Step three: sorting the incineration bottom slag, and controlling the content of particles with the particle size of 2.36-4.75 mm in the incineration bottom slag to be less than 20%.

(2) Taking 10% of pretreated incineration bottom slag, 20% of cement, 10% of tailing sand and 60% of coal ash according to the mass percentage, mixing, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, pressing and forming, and curing for at least 28 days under the standard curing condition that the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is more than 90%, so as to obtain the light plate.

Example 3

A preparation method of a light plate prepared by burning bottom slag comprises the following steps:

(1) taking incineration bottom slag, and pretreating the incineration bottom slag:

the method comprises the following steps: taking the incineration bottom slag, washing with water to ensure that the content of particles with the particle size of less than 0.075mm is less than 1%, then airing, and sieving by a 4.75mm sieve.

Step two: sorting the glass in the bottom incineration slag, removing glass particles with the particle size of more than 3mm, and controlling the content of the glass in the bottom incineration slag to be less than 5%.

Step three: sorting the incineration bottom slag, and controlling the content of particles with the particle size of 2.36-4.75 mm in the incineration bottom slag to be less than 20%.

(2) Taking 30% of incineration bottom slag, 20% of cement and 50% of coal ash slag according to the mass percentage, mixing, adding a proper amount of water, uniformly stirring, pressing and forming, and curing for at least 28 days under the standard curing condition that the temperature is 20 +/-2 ℃ and the humidity is more than 90%, so as to obtain the light plate.

Comparative example 1

The preparation method of the light plate prepared by using the incineration bottom slag is different from the embodiment 1 only in that the incineration bottom slag is not pretreated, and other components and the preparation method are the same as those in the embodiment 1.

And (3) performance testing:

28d compressive strength: the compressive strength is tested according to the test standard GB/T23451 light partition wall batten for buildings.

Autoclaved stability: and (5) observing the structural damage condition of the wallboard at the temperature of 180 ℃ and the pressure of 1.2-1.5MPa for 3 h.

The test method was used to test the light weight panels obtained in example 1 and comparative example 1, and the test results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

	28d compressive strength	Stability at autoclaving
			Example 1	8.9MPa	The wall test piece has no cracking phenomenon, and the structure is kept complete
Comparative example 1	6.4MPa	Severe cracking of wall test piece and yieldTransverse and longitudinal cracks are generated

Referring to FIGS. 1 to 3, FIG. 1 is a graph of the incineration bottom slag of comparative example 1, FIG. 2 is a graph of the incineration bottom slag after washing in example 1, and FIG. 3 is a free expansion ratio-age curve of the incineration bottom slag test piece of example 1 after washing in water and the incineration bottom slag test piece of comparative example 1. As can be seen from figures 1 and 2, the granular sensation of the bottom ash after washing is obviously enhanced because the washing takes away powder and smaller particles in the bottom ash, the loss of large particles is less, and the grading performance of the bottom ash is influenced to a certain extent, as can be seen from figure 3, the washing has a certain influence on the free expansion rate of the bottom ash test block, the reaction degree of the alkali aggregate of the bottom ash test block after being washed by clear water is smaller, the free expansion rates FER14 and FER28 of the bottom ash test block which is not washed by water are 0.353% and 0.609% respectively, and FER14 and FER28 after being washed by water are 0.120% and 0.225% respectively, which are reduced by 66% and 63% respectively compared with the bottom ash test block which is not washed by water.

The glass in the bottom slag test block is burnt to cause the typical alkali aggregate reaction phenomenon of the test block, the alkali activity problem is concentrated in large glass particles with the size of more than 3mm, and therefore, the glass content in the bottom slag is strictly controlled to be less than 5 percent, and the size of the glass particles is less than or equal to 3 mm. The bottom slag with different grain diameters has certain influence on the alkali-aggregate reaction. The furnace bottom slag with the grain size range of 4.75-2.36 mm plays a main role, so that the furnace bottom slag with the grain size range of 4.75-2.36 mm is controlled to be lower than 20 percent in the gradation of the furnace bottom slag for preparing a light plate applied to the partition wall plate by burning the furnace bottom slag.

The volume stability was observed after boiling and autoclaving comparative example 1 and example 1, respectively. Tests show that after the plate in example 1 is boiled for 3 hours at high temperature, the structures of two test pieces are still kept intact, and slight cracks appear on the surface of the plate prepared by burning the power generation bottom slag which is not pretreated in comparative example 1. After autoclaved for 3h, please refer to fig. 4 and 5, the sheet material test piece in comparative example 1 is broken to generate larger damage, yellow or black spots appear on the surface of the test piece, which may be caused by burning part of organic matters in the bottom slag of the power generation, and meanwhile, the light sheet material in example 1 still maintains complete structure, no cracks are generated, and the volume stability is good. In addition, the autoclaved stability tests of the lightweight boards obtained in the examples 2 and 3 show that the lightweight boards prepared in the examples 2 and 3 still have complete structures, no cracks and good volume stability.

The applicant states that the present invention is illustrated by the above embodiments to a lightweight board and a method for manufacturing the same and application thereof, but the present invention is not limited to the above process steps, i.e. it does not mean that the present invention must rely on the above process steps to be implemented. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that any modification of the present invention, equivalent substitutions of selected materials and additions of auxiliary components, selection of specific modes and the like, which are within the scope and disclosure of the present invention, are contemplated by the present invention.