阅读说明：本技术 一种分离动物绒毛、粗毛和杂质混合物的装置及方法 (Device and method for separating mixture of animal villi, coarse hair and impurities ) 是由 周宝明 王建坤 刘健 戴玲杰 姚苗苗 蒋晓东 胡艳丽 张毅 邹俊 马静涛 于海滨 于 2021-09-06 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于从动物绒毛、粗毛和杂质混合物中分离绒毛、粗毛与杂质的装置和方法,以便于后续测量混合物中动物绒毛含量,细度等指标。所述装置主要包括：主机架,喂入机构,分梳除杂系统,净绒收集系统,传动机构和控制系统。本发明采用了数控调速技术分别调节分梳除杂系统中预开梳机构,分梳除杂机构,分梳转移机构分梳辊的转向、转速、速比,以及净绒收集系统风压和分梳转移机构中分梳辊周围气流分布；可根据动物绒毛种类,选择纤维混合物喂入速度,分梳辊转速、针布规格、针齿方向,除杂刀隔距,吸风风压等,实现缓和开松,渐进分梳,分梳后绒毛损伤轻微,绒毛与粗毛、杂质分离彻底,绒毛含量测量值准确。(The invention discloses a device and a method for separating villi, rough hair and impurities from a mixture of animal villi, rough hair and impurities, so as to be convenient for subsequent measurement of indexes such as the content, the fineness and the like of the animal villi in the mixture. The device mainly comprises: the device comprises a main frame, a feeding mechanism, a carding and impurity removing system, a purified fluff collecting system, a transmission mechanism and a control system. The invention adopts a numerical control speed regulation technology to respectively regulate the steering, the rotating speed and the speed ratio of a pre-opening combing mechanism, a combing impurity removing mechanism and a combing roller of a combing and transferring mechanism, and the wind pressure of a clean fluff collecting system and the airflow distribution around the combing roller in the combing and transferring mechanism; the feeding speed of a fiber mixture, the rotating speed of a carding roller, the specifications of card clothing, the direction of needle teeth, the spacing of an impurity removing knife, air suction pressure and the like can be selected according to the types of animal villi, the loosening and the gradual carding are realized, the damage to the villi after the carding is slight, the separation of the villi from rough hair and impurities is thorough, and the measured value of the content of the villi is accurate.)

1. An apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities, comprising:

the main frame comprises a bottom plate, a main wallboard and an auxiliary wallboard, wherein the bottom plate is horizontally arranged, the main wallboard and the auxiliary wallboard are both arranged perpendicular to the plane of the bottom plate, and the main wallboard and the auxiliary wallboard are parallel to each other;

the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding plate, a feeding roller seat and a pressurizing part, wherein the feeding plate is fixedly installed in the horizontal direction through the main wallboard and the auxiliary wallboard, arc-shaped nose-shaped bulges are arranged on two sides of one end of an outlet of the feeding plate, the feeding roller seat is fixedly connected with the nose-shaped bulges, and the feeding roller is positioned above the feeding plate and is fixed on the feeding roller seat through the pressurizing part;

the carding and impurity removing system comprises a pre-carding mechanism, an carding and impurity removing mechanism and an carding and transferring mechanism which are arranged in parallel from front to back, wherein the pre-carding mechanism, the carding and impurity removing mechanism and the carding and transferring mechanism respectively comprise at least one group of carding roller assemblies, and the carding roller assemblies are vertically arranged on the main wallboard; the pre-carding mechanism is arranged close to the nose-shaped bulge and the outer edge of the feeding roller, and partition plates are arranged among the carding impurity removing mechanism, the pre-carding mechanism and the carding transfer mechanism;

the clean down collecting system comprises a clean down collecting channel, a clean down box, a numerical control speed regulating fan, a filter disc and a pressure sensor, wherein the clean down collecting channel is arranged on the main wall board, one end of the clean down collecting channel is tightly attached to the carding and transferring mechanism, and the other end of the clean down collecting channel is connected with the clean down box; the numerical control speed regulation fan is arranged on any surface of the installing surface of the non-clean fluff collection channel of the clean fluff box, the installing surface of the clean fluff box is provided with a vent hole, an air inlet of the numerical control speed regulation fan is over against the vent hole of the installing surface of the clean fluff box, the filter disc is arranged between the vent hole of the clean fluff box and the air inlet of the numerical control speed regulation fan, and the pressure sensor is communicated with the clean fluff collection channel through an air pipe;

the transmission mechanism is used for driving the feeding mechanism and the carding and impurity removing system to operate;

and the control system is electrically connected with the transmission mechanism and the clean fluff collecting system respectively.

2. The device for separating the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities as claimed in claim 1, wherein the carding roller assembly comprises a carding roller, a carding roller sleeve, an impurity removing knife and a sleeve cover adapted to the carding roller sleeve;

the carding roller comprises a carding roller matrix, a carding roller bearing and a carding roller shaft, wherein the lateral surface of the carding roller matrix is spirally wrapped with a metal rack, and an opening is formed in the axis of the carding roller matrix; the carding roller shaft is fixedly installed at the opening of the carding roller carcass, the carding roller bearing is installed in the middle section of the carding roller shaft, the carding roller passes through the carding roller bearing and is installed in the carding roller sleeve, the impurity removing cutter is horizontally installed at the bottom of the carding roller sleeve, close to one side of the purified fluff box, and the working surface of the impurity removing cutter faces the carding roller.

3. An apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said opening roller has an outer diameter of 50-95mm and an axial width of 40-295 mm; the tooth height of the metal rack is 1.5-3.8mm, the tooth pitch is 2-6mm, and the working angle is 65-100 degrees; the tooth pitches of racks coated on carding rollers of the pre-carding mechanism, the carding impurity removing mechanism and the carding transfer mechanism are sequentially reduced, and the working angles are sequentially reduced; the spacing distance between the adjacent carding rollers is 0.2-0.8mm, and the spacing distance between the tip of the impurity removing knife and the corresponding carding roller is 0.1-1 mm.

4. The device for separating the mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pre-carding mechanism, the carding and impurity-removing mechanism and the carding and transferring mechanism are driven by the transmission mechanism and rotate in the same direction at a rotation speed of 600-5850rpm, and the rotation speeds of the carding rollers become faster in sequence.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the pressurizing member comprises a special-shaped bush with a guide post, a spring and a pressing bolt, a concave surface of the special-shaped bush is in contact with the optical axes at the two ends of the feeding roller, the spring is sleeved on the guide post of the special-shaped bush, and the pressing bolt is installed in a threaded hole at the upper end of the feeding roller seat and presses the feeding roller through the spring.

6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the clean fluff collecting system, the NC speed-adjustable fan, the pressure sensor and the control system form a closed loop system, so that the air pressure in the clean fluff collecting channel and the air flow around the carding roller of the carding and transferring mechanism can be adjusted numerically, the pressure in the clean fluff collecting channel is kept stable during the operation of the apparatus, and the separation of the coarse fluff, the impurities and the fluff is precisely controlled.

7. An apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities according to claim 1, wherein said air pressure in said clean fluff collecting channel is in the range of-1000 Pa to-3000 Pa.

8. The device for separating the mixture of the animal villi, the coarse hair and the impurities as claimed in claim 1, wherein the bottom of the carding and impurity-removing system is provided with an impurity collecting tray.

9. A method for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities using a device according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises the following steps:

(1) manually feeding the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities to a compressed feeding roller and a feeding plate, and continuously feeding the mixture to a carding and impurity removing system under the driving of the rotation of the feeding roller;

(2) after the mixture is fed into the carding and impurity removing system, a small amount of mixture is torn off from jaws of a feeding roller and a feeding plate by sawteeth of a carding roller of a pre-carding mechanism, the torn mixture is carried by the sawteeth of the carding roller to quickly impact an impurity removing knife, coarse wool and impurities with density larger than fluff are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the rest mixture continues to advance under the driving of the sawteeth of the carding roller and is grabbed by a carding roller of the carding and impurity removing mechanism with higher rotation speed when the mixture moves to the nearest point of two carding rollers;

(3) after the rest mixture of the fluff, the coarse fluff and the impurities passes through the carding impurity removal mechanism, the carding of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism and the impurity removal of the impurity removal knife, most of the fluff and the impurities are thrown off onto the impurity collecting disc, and the rest mixture is separated from the saw teeth of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism due to the negative pressure action when approaching the clean fluff collecting channel and is sucked into the fluff cleaning box.

10. The method as claimed in claim 9, wherein the pre-carding mechanism has a carding roller speed of 600-1200rpm, a surface linear velocity of 2.5-5m/s, and a surface centrifugal acceleration of 156.3-625m/s²(ii) a The rotating speed of the carding roller of the carding and impurity removing mechanism is 1800-3000rpm, the surface line speed is 7.5-12.5m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 1406.3-3906.3m/s²(ii) a The rotating speed of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism is 4800-5850rpm, the surface linear velocity is 20-24.5m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 10000-15006.3m/s²。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pretreatment and detection of wool spinning fiber raw materials, and relates to a device and a method for separating spinnable fibers, non-spinnable fibers and impurities from textile fibers, in particular to a device and a method for separating a mixture of animal fluff, rough fluff and impurities.

Background

In the trade of wool spinning fiber raw materials, not all the fiber raw materials which are traded can be used for spinning processing, wherein the spinnable fiber content is an important evaluation index of the fiber raw materials, for example, goat raw wool is composed of spinnable wool fibers with the diameter of less than 25um, non-spinnable rough wool with the diameter of more than 25um, and impurities such as soil impurity, skin (one kind of impurities in the cashmere raw wool), grass scraps and the like. In order to ensure fair trading, the grade of the goat raw cashmere is evaluated according to indexes such as the average diameter of cashmere fibers and the length of a hand-pulled cashmere fiber, the net cashmere metric quantity is calculated by using the net cashmere rate, and the use value and the price of the goat raw cashmere are determined, wherein the net cashmere rate refers to the percentage of the quality of the goat raw cashmere after the goat raw cashmere is cleaned, dried and removed of coarse wool and impurities, and then the corrected quality of the goat raw cashmere is the percentage of the goat raw cashmere quality by using the official moisture regain and the official oil-fat content.

At present, the measurement of the content of spinnable fiber in the mixture of animal villi, rough hair and impurities in national standards mainly comprises manual picking methods, such as national standards of cashmere (GB18267), yakwool (GB/T12412), camel down (GB/T21977) and rabbit hair fiber test method (GB/T13835.3); an artificial secondary sorting method after carding by an impurity analyzer, such as the national standard cashmere (GB 18267). The manual picking method is adopted, fluff, coarse fluff and impurities are sorted from the mixture by the sense organ and visual inspection of inspectors, the testing process is long, the labor intensity of the inspectors is high, and the accuracy of the detection result is greatly influenced by the experience of the inspectors; the manual secondary sorting method after the carding of the impurity analyzer can improve the sorting efficiency, but coarse wool and impurity separation is not thorough, the damage to the wool fibers is large, and manual picking cannot be completely replaced.

The present fiber impurity analyzer is designed according to the mechanical and aerodynamic principles, the fiber impurity mixture fed by a feeding roller is combed by a combing roller rotating at a high speed, and the fiber and the impurities combed by a metal rack on the surface of the combing roller run at a high speed along with the combing roller due to the action of the machinery and the air flow. Due to the fact that the shape, the mass and the density of the fibers and the impurities are different, under the action of centrifugal force and air flow, the fibers and the impurities are different in distribution position on the surface of the carding roller and are separated through a mechanical device. For plant fibers, such as cotton fibers, the national standard "raw cotton impurity content test method" (GB/T6499) has adopted Y101, YG042 and a cotton type Lei impurity analyzer to completely replace manual picking, and Chinese patent CN102884426A also discloses a device and a method for measuring the weight of impurities in a fiber impurity mixture for the impurity content test of cotton fibers. However, animal fibers generally contain fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the components of the analytical method are more complex than those of plant fibers, a cotton type impurity analyzer cannot be directly applied to a clean fluff rate test of the animal fibers, a YG045 and a wool type Lei impurity analyzer designed according to the principle still adopt a single licker-in mechanism, in order to effectively separate the fluff, the coarse fluff and the impurities, the licker-in must rotate at a high speed to enable a fiber impurity mixture to obtain sufficient centrifugal force, and the fed fiber impurity mixture is not subjected to pre-opening, so that the fibers are easy to damage or even break, and the separation difficulty of the fluff, the coarse fluff and the impurities is increased.

Chinese patent CN207362382U discloses a cashmere clean wool rate detecting device, which uses multiple sets of licker-in, according to the report of article "cashmere clean wool rate detecting device research based on carding principle", the device still needs to be matched with manual picking after carding goat raw wool for three times, the damage of fiber length is smaller than that of a teli impurity analyzer, the whole analyzing process needs 3 hours from the time length of carding, and the carding efficiency is still not high.

In addition to the detection by mechanical and aerodynamic methods, chinese patent CN105911019A discloses a method for detecting the clean down rate of goat raw down and cleaned down based on near infrared spectroscopy detection method, which can detect the goat raw down and cleaned down without damaging the sample, but the method needs to continuously improve the test data of the goat raw down and cleaned down in different production places, different varieties and different stages to establish a dynamic model database to ensure the detection accuracy.

Therefore, how to provide a device and a method for separating animal villi, rough hair and impurity mixture, which have the advantages of small fiber damage, thorough separation and high analysis result accuracy, is a problem to be solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities with a small degree of damage to fibers, thorough separation and high accuracy of analysis results, and a separation method using the same.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities, comprising:

the main frame comprises a bottom plate, a main wallboard and an auxiliary wallboard, wherein the bottom plate is horizontally arranged, the main wallboard and the auxiliary wallboard are both arranged perpendicular to the plane of the bottom plate, and the main wallboard and the auxiliary wallboard are parallel to each other;

the feeding mechanism comprises a feeding plate, a feeding roller seat and a pressurizing part, wherein the feeding plate is fixedly installed in the horizontal direction through the main wallboard and the auxiliary wallboard, arc-shaped nose-shaped bulges are arranged on two sides of one end of an outlet of the feeding plate, the feeding roller seat is fixedly connected with the nose-shaped bulges, and the feeding roller is positioned above the feeding plate and is fixed on the feeding roller seat through the pressurizing part;

the carding and impurity removing system comprises a pre-carding mechanism, an carding and impurity removing mechanism and an carding and transferring mechanism which are arranged in parallel from front to back, wherein the pre-carding mechanism, the carding and impurity removing mechanism and the carding and transferring mechanism respectively comprise at least one group of carding roller assemblies, and the carding roller assemblies are vertically arranged on the main wallboard; the pre-carding mechanism is arranged close to the nose-shaped bulge and the outer edge of the feeding roller, partition plates are arranged among the carding impurity removing mechanism, the pre-carding mechanism and the carding transfer mechanism, and further the length of each partition plate extends to the bottom plate;

the clean down collecting system comprises a clean down collecting channel, a clean down box, a numerical control speed regulating fan, a filter disc and a pressure sensor, wherein the clean down collecting channel is arranged on the main wall board, one end of the clean down collecting channel is tightly attached to the carding and transferring mechanism, and the other end of the clean down collecting channel is connected with the clean down box; the numerical control speed regulation fan is arranged on any surface of the installing surface of the non-clean fluff collection channel of the clean fluff box, the installing surface of the clean fluff box is provided with a vent hole, an air inlet of the numerical control speed regulation fan is over against the vent hole of the installing surface of the clean fluff box, the filter disc is arranged between the vent hole of the clean fluff box and the air inlet of the numerical control speed regulation fan, and the pressure sensor is communicated with the clean fluff collection channel through an air pipe;

the transmission mechanism is used for driving the feeding mechanism and the carding and impurity removing system to operate;

and the control system is electrically connected with the transmission mechanism and the clean fluff collecting system respectively.

Preferably, in the above device for separating animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurity mixture, the carding roller assembly comprises a carding roller, a carding roller sleeve, an impurity removing knife, and a sleeve cover adapted to the carding roller sleeve;

the carding roller comprises a carding roller matrix, a carding roller bearing and a carding roller shaft, wherein the lateral surface of the carding roller matrix is spirally wrapped with a metal rack, and an opening is formed in the axis of the carding roller matrix; the carding roller shaft is fixedly installed at the opening of the carding roller carcass, the carding roller bearing is installed in the middle section of the carding roller shaft, the carding roller passes through the carding roller bearing and is installed in the carding roller sleeve, the impurity removing cutter is horizontally installed at the bottom of the carding roller sleeve, close to one side of the purified fluff box, and the working surface of the impurity removing cutter faces the carding roller.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the carding roller assembly is a modularized complete fluff impurity analysis unit, the number of the carding roller assemblies can be configured according to the carding effect requirement in the practical application process, and the defect that the licker-in of the single carding roller impurity analysis machine can only be configured with one type of card clothing and set with one type of rotating speed is overcome. The carding roller is the core component of the carding roller assembly, plays the effect of combing separation fine hair, coarse hair and impurity, and the direction and the atmospheric pressure distribution that the high-speed rotation of carding roller produced the air current can be optimized to the carding roller sleeve, control fibre flow trend, and the edulcoration sword is installed in the sleeve bottom, through adjusting edulcoration sword cutting edge and sleeve gauge, can adjust the efficiency and the quality of getting rid of coarse hair, impurity.

Preferably, in the above apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the carding roll has an outer diameter of 50 to 95mm and an axial width of 40 to 295 mm; the tooth height of the metal rack is 1.5-3.8mm, the tooth pitch is 2-6mm, and the working angle is 65-100 degrees; the tooth pitches of racks coated on carding rollers of the pre-carding mechanism, the carding impurity removing mechanism and the carding transfer mechanism are sequentially reduced, and the working angles are sequentially reduced; the spacing distance between the adjacent carding rollers is 0.2-0.8mm, and the spacing distance between the tip of the impurity removing knife and the corresponding carding roller is 0.1-1 mm.

Preferably, in the above apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the carding roll has an outer diameter of 80mm and an axial width of 100 mm; the tooth height of the metal rack is 3.6mm, and the working angle is 65-78 degrees; the spacing distance between the adjacent carding rollers is 0.2mm, and the spacing distance between the tip of the impurity removing knife and the corresponding carding roller is 0.25 mm.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: in the process of transferring the fiber impurity mixture from the feeding roller to the airflow channel through the carding roller, the tooth pitches of racks coated on the carding roller in the pre-carding mechanism, the carding impurity removing mechanism and the carding transferring mechanism are configured from large to small, the working angles are configured from large to small, the carded fibers can be loosened from mild to severe, the fiber damage in the carding process is reduced, meanwhile, the fiber impurity mixture can be transferred from the feeding roller to the airflow channel through the carding roller more smoothly, and the fluff, the fluff and the impurities have enough time and space to be separated.

Preferably, in the above device for separating the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the pre-carding mechanism, the carding and impurity-removing mechanism and the carding and transferring mechanism are all driven by the transmission mechanism and rotate in the same direction at the rotation speed of 600 + 5850rpm, and the rotation speed of the carding rollers is sequentially increased.

Preferably, in the apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the pressurizing member includes a special-shaped bearing bush with a guide post, a spring, and a pressing bolt, a concave surface of the special-shaped bearing bush contacts with optical axes at two ends of the feeding roller, the spring is sleeved on the guide post of the special-shaped bearing bush, and the pressing bolt is installed in a threaded hole at an upper end of the feeding roller seat and presses the feeding roller through the spring.

Preferably, in the above apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the clean fluff collecting system, the numerically controlled speed-adjusting fan, the pressure sensor and the control system form a closed-loop system, so that the air pressure in the clean fluff collecting channel and the airflow around the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism are numerically controlled and adjustable, and the pressure in the clean fluff collecting channel is kept stable during the operation of the apparatus, thereby accurately controlling the separation of coarse fluff, impurities and fluff.

Preferably, in the above apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the air pressure in the clean fluff collecting passage is in the range of-1000 Pa to-3000 Pa. Preferably-1900 Pa to-2100 Pa.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: the negative pressure numerical control in the clean fluff collecting channel is adjustable, so that the airflow around the carding roller is stable and controllable, and the separation of fluff, coarse fluff and impurities can be more accurate and thorough.

Preferably, in the above device for separating the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the bottom of the carding and impurity-removing system is provided with an impurity collecting tray.

The invention also discloses a method for separating the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities by adopting the device, which comprises the following steps:

(1) manually feeding the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities to a compressed feeding roller and a feeding plate, and continuously feeding the mixture to a carding and impurity removing system under the driving of the rotation of the feeding roller;

(2) after the mixture is fed into the carding and impurity removing system, a small amount of mixture is torn off from jaws of a feeding roller and a feeding plate by sawteeth of a carding roller of a pre-carding mechanism, the torn mixture is carried by the sawteeth of the carding roller to quickly impact an impurity removing knife, coarse wool and impurities with density larger than fluff are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the rest mixture continues to advance under the driving of the sawteeth of the carding roller and is grabbed by a carding roller of the carding and impurity removing mechanism with higher rotation speed when the mixture moves to the nearest point of two carding rollers;

(3) after the rest mixture of the fluff, the coarse fluff and the impurities passes through the carding impurity removal mechanism, the carding of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism and the impurity removal of the impurity removal knife, most of the fluff and the impurities are thrown off onto the impurity collecting disc, and the rest mixture is separated from the saw teeth of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism due to the negative pressure action when approaching the clean fluff collecting channel and is sucked into the fluff cleaning box.

Preferably, in the above method for separating the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the rotation speed of the carding roller of the pre-carding mechanism is 600-1200rpm, the surface linear velocity is 2.5-5m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 156.3-625m/s²(ii) a The rotating speed of the carding roller of the carding and impurity removing mechanism is 1800-3000rpm, the surface line speed is 7.5-12.5m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 1406.3-3906.3m/s²(ii) a The rotating speed of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism is 4800-5850rpm, the surface linear velocity is 20-24.5m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 10000-15006.3m/s²。

Preferably, in the above method for separating the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities, the rotation speed of the carding roller of the pre-carding mechanism is 900 rpm; the rotating speed of a carding roller of the carding and impurity removing mechanism is 2700 rpm; the rotating speed of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism is 5400 rpm.

The beneficial effects of the above technical scheme are: in the process of transferring the fiber impurity mixture from the feeding roller to the airflow channel through the carding roller, the rotating speeds of the carding rollers in the pre-carding mechanism, the carding impurity removing mechanism and the carding transferring mechanism are configured from low to high, the fiber impurity mixture can be gradually loosened from mild to severe, and meanwhile, enough centrifugal force is obtained when the fiber impurity mixture reaches the airflow channel, so that fluff, coarse wool and impurities are fully separated.

According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the device and the method for separating the mixture of the animal fluff, the coarse fluff and the impurities are disclosed, and compared with the original single carding roller structure, the device realizes mild opening and gradual carding by the arrangement that the rotating speed of the carding roller is from slow to fast and the density of the card clothing teeth is from sparse to dense, the damage to the animal fluff after carding is slight, the modularized carding roller assembly is flexible in arrangement, the airflow trend controllability is strong, the pressure of a fluff cleaning box is controlled in a closed loop mode, the negative pressure is digitally adjustable, the fluff, the coarse fluff and the impurities can be accurately separated, the separation is thorough, and the measured value of the content of the clean fluff is more accurate.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the principle and structure of an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic partial front view of an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic front view of a mechanical mechanism part of a device for separating animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurity mixtures, which covers sleeves of a pre-carding mechanism and a carding and impurity removing mechanism, and hides the sleeves of the pre-carding mechanism;

FIG. 4 is a schematic top view of a top cover of a transmission mechanism case hidden by a mechanical mechanism part in an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic front view of a feeding plate in an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic front view of a filter tray in an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a carding roller in an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a partial structural schematic diagram of an apparatus for separating a mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure:

1 is a main frame, 11 is a bottom plate, 12 is a main wall plate, 13 is an auxiliary wall plate, 2 is a feeding mechanism, 21 is a feeding plate, 22 is a feeding roller, 23 is a feeding roller seat, 24 is a pressurizing part, 211 is a nose-shaped bulge, 241 is a special-shaped bearing bush, 242 is a spring, 243 is a pressing bolt, 3 is a carding and impurity removing system, 31 is a pre-carding mechanism, 32 is a carding and impurity removing mechanism, 33 is a carding transfer mechanism, 34 is a partition plate, 35 is an impurity collecting disc, 311 is a carding roller, 312 is a carding roller sleeve, 313 is a sleeve cover, 314 is an impurity removing knife, 3111 is a metal rack, 3112 is a carding roller body, 3113 is a carding roller bearing, 3114 is a carding roller shaft, 4 is a clean wool collecting system, 41 is a clean wool collecting channel, 42 is a clean wool box, 43 is a numerical control speed regulating fan, 44, a filter disc, 5 is a transmission mechanism, and 6 is a control system.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The invention discloses a device and a method for separating fluff, coarse wool and impurities from a mixture of animal fluff, coarse wool and impurities, so as to be convenient for subsequent measurement of indexes such as content, fineness and the like of the animal fluff in the mixture, and a numerical control speed regulation technology is adopted to respectively regulate the turning direction, the rotating speed and the speed ratio of a carding roller in a carding and impurity removing system, and the air pressure of a clean fluff collecting system and the air flow distribution around the carding roller in the carding and impurity removing system; the feeding speed of a fiber mixture, the rotating speed of a carding roller, the specifications of card clothing, the direction of needle teeth, the spacing of an impurity removing knife, air suction pressure and the like can be selected according to the types of animal villi, the loosening and the gradual carding are realized, the damage to the villi after the carding is slight, the separation of the villi from rough hair and impurities is thorough, and the measured value of the content of the villi is accurate.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a device for separating a mixture of animal villi, coarse hair and impurities, which comprises:

the main frame 1 comprises a bottom plate 11, a main wall plate 12 and an auxiliary wall plate 13, wherein the bottom plate 11 is horizontally arranged, the main wall plate 12 and the auxiliary wall plate 13 are arranged perpendicular to the plane of the bottom plate 11, and the main wall plate 12 and the auxiliary wall plate 13 are parallel to each other;

the feeding mechanism 2 comprises a feeding plate 21, a feeding roller 22, a feeding roller seat 23 and a pressurizing part 24, wherein one end of the feeding plate 21 is provided with a nose-shaped bulge 211 which is horizontally arranged on a main wallboard and an auxiliary wallboard, one end with the nose-shaped bulge 211 is vertical to the wallboards, the center of the feeding roller seat 23 is provided with a runway-shaped long hole or a U-shaped groove which is arranged at two sides of the nose-shaped bulge 211, the upper end of the runway-shaped long hole or the U-shaped groove inclines to the non-nose-shaped bulge end of the feeding plate, the working surface of the feeding roller 22 is provided with a groove, a bearing bush or a coating rack, the feeding roller 22 is positioned above the feeding plate 21 and is arranged on the feeding roller seat 23 through the optical axes at two ends to be contacted with the inner surface at the lower end of the runway-shaped long hole or the U-shaped groove of the feeding roller seat 23, the pressurizing principle of the pressurizing part is spring pressurizing, the pressurizing part comprises a special-shaped bearing bush 241 with a guide column, a spring 242 and a pressurizing bolt 243, the concave surface of the special-shaped 241 is contacted with the optical axes at two ends of the feeding roller 22, the spring 242 is movably sleeved on a guide post of the special-shaped bearing bush 241, and a pressing bolt 243 is arranged in a threaded hole at the upper end of the feeding roller seat 23 and presses the feeding roller 22 through the spring 242;

the carding and impurity removing system 3 comprises at least three carding roller assemblies of a pre-carding mechanism 31, a carding and impurity removing mechanism 32 and a carding and transferring mechanism 33, a partition plate 34 and an impurity collecting tray 35, wherein each carding roller assembly is a complete carding unit, is parallel to each other, is positioned on the same horizontal plane, and is adjacently and vertically arranged on the main wallboard 12. Wherein the pre-carding mechanism 31 is arranged close to the nose-shaped bulge 211 of the feeding plate 21 and the outer edge of the feeding roller 22, the carding impurity removing mechanism 32 and the carding transfer mechanism 33 are sequentially arranged at one side of the pre-carding mechanism 31 far away from the feeding roller 22, the partition plates 34 are respectively arranged below the pre-carding mechanism 31, the carding impurity removing mechanism 32 and the carding transfer mechanism 33, one side far away from the feeding roller 22, and the impurity collecting tray 35 is flatly arranged below the carding impurity removing system 3;

the clean velvet collecting system 4 comprises a clean velvet collecting channel 41, a clean velvet box 42, a numerical control speed regulation fan 43, a filter disc 44 and a pressure sensor, wherein the clean velvet collecting channel 41 is arranged on the main wall board 12, one end of the channel is tightly attached to a carding roller far away from the feeding board 21, the other end of the channel is connected with the clean velvet box 42, the clean velvet box 42 is preferably rectangular and is arranged on the bottom board 11 of the main frame 1, the numerical control speed regulation fan 43 is arranged on any surface of the clean velvet box 42 (any surface is not the clean velvet collecting channel), the fan mounting surface of the clean velvet box 42 is provided with a vent hole, the air inlet of the numerical control speed regulation fan 43 is just opposite to the vent hole on the fan mounting surface of the clean velvet box 42, the filter disc 44 is arranged between the vent hole of the clean velvet box 42 and the air inlet of the numerical control speed regulation fan 43, and the pressure sensor is communicated with the clean velvet collecting channel 41 through an air pipe;

the transmission mechanism 5 is used for driving the feeding mechanism 2 and the carding and impurity removing system 3 to operate, adopts a servo motor, and rotates a flat belt;

and the control system 6 is respectively and electrically connected with the transmission mechanism 5 and the clean velvet collecting system 4, and consists of a programmable logic controller, a touch screen, a servo driver and the like.

The carding roller assembly of the pre-carding mechanism 31, the carding impurity removing mechanism 32 and the carding transfer mechanism 33 comprises a carding roller 311, a carding roller sleeve 312, a sleeve cover 313 and an impurity removing cutter 314, wherein the carding roller 311 comprises a metal rack 3111, a carding roller body 3112, a carding roller bearing 3113, a carding roller shaft 3114, the carding roller body 3112 is cup-shaped, a hole is formed in the axis of the cup bottom, the side surface of the carding roller body 3112 is spirally coated with the metal rack 3111, one end of the carding roller shaft 3114 is installed at the hole at the bottom of the carding roller body 3112, and the carding roller bearing 3113 is installed in the middle section of the carding roller shaft 3114; the carding roller is arranged inside the carding roller sleeve 312 through a carding roller bearing 3113 arranged on a carding roller shaft 3114, the impurity removing knife 314 is horizontally arranged at one side of the bottom of the carding roller sleeve 312 close to the fluff purifying box 42, and the knife edge faces the carding roller.

The outer diameter of the carding rollers of the pre-carding mechanism 31, the carding impurity removing mechanism 32 and the carding transfer mechanism 33 is 80mm, and the axial width is 100 mm; the tooth height of a metal rack 3111 coated by the carding roller is 3.6mm, the tooth pitch is respectively 2.62 mm, 3.4 mm and 3.93mm, the working angle is respectively 65 mm, 75 mm and 78 degrees, the tooth pitch of the racks coated on the carding rollers of the pre-carding mechanism 31, the carding impurity removing mechanism 32 and the carding transfer mechanism 33 is sequentially reduced, the working angle is sequentially reduced, the spacing distance between adjacent carding rollers is 0.2mm, and the spacing distance between the tip of the impurity removing knife 314 and the corresponding carding roller is 0.25 mm;

the carding rollers of the pre-carding mechanism 31, the carding impurity removing mechanism 32 and the carding transfer mechanism 33 are driven by the transmission mechanism 5 to rotate in the same direction at the rotating speeds of 900rpm, 2700rpm and 5400rpm, and the rotating speeds of the carding rollers become faster in sequence.

The clean fluff collecting system 4 can form a closed loop system through the numerical control speed regulating fan 43, the pressure sensor and the control system 6, so that the air pressure in the clean fluff collecting channel 41 and the airflow around the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism 33 can be adjusted in a numerical control manner, the pressure in the clean fluff collecting channel 41 is kept stable in the operation process of the device, and the separation of coarse fluff, impurities and fluff is accurately controlled;

the air pressure range in the clean fluff collecting channel 41 is-1900 Pa to-2100 Pa.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the pressurizing principle of the pressurizing component of the feeding mechanism 2 is gravity, pneumatic or hydraulic pressurization, specifically, the pressurizing is performed by using a heavy hammer, a pneumatic cylinder or a hydraulic cylinder, etc.;

the transmission system adopts a three-phase asynchronous motor and V-shaped belt transmission or consists of a stepping motor and a toothed belt;

the control system is composed of a control panel, a display screen, a servo controller and the like.

In addition, the method for separating the mixture of the animal villi, the coarse hair and the impurities by adopting the device of the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:

(1) manually feeding the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities to a compressed feeding roller 22 and a feeding plate 21, and continuously feeding the mixture to the carding and impurity removing system 3 under the driving of the rotating feeding roller 22;

(2) after the mixture is fed into the carding and impurity removing system 3, a small amount of the mixture is torn off from the jaws of the feeding roller 22 and the feeding plate 21 by the carding rollers of the pre-carding mechanism 31, the torn mixture is carried by the saw teeth of the carding rollers to quickly impact on the impurity removing knife 314, coarse hair and impurities with density larger than fluff are thrown out under the action of centrifugal force, and the rest mixture is driven by the saw teeth of the carding rollers to continuously advance and is grabbed by the carding rollers of the carding and impurity removing mechanism 32 with higher rotation speed when moving to the nearest point of the two carding rollers;

(3) after the remaining mixture of fluff, coarse fluff and impurities passes through the carding and impurity removing mechanism 32, the carding of the carding roller of the carding and transferring mechanism 33 and the impurity removing of the impurity removing knife 314, most of the fluff and impurities are thrown off onto the impurity collecting tray 35, and the remaining mixture is separated from the saw teeth of the carding roller of the carding and transferring mechanism 33 due to the negative pressure when approaching the clean fluff collecting channel 41 and is sucked into the clean fluff box 42.

The rotating speed of the carding roller of the pre-carding mechanism 31 is 900rpm, surface linear velocity of 3.77m/s, and surface centrifugal acceleration of 354.95m/s²(ii) a The rotating speed of the carding roller of the carding and impurity removing mechanism 32 is 2700rpm, the surface line is 11.30m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 3194.51m/s²(ii) a The rotating speed of the carding roller of the carding transfer mechanism 33 is 5400rpm, the surface linear velocity is 22.61m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 12778.04m/s²。

The method is used for testing 8 cashmere samples, each sample is two samples, the average value is taken after the cashmere purifying rate is tested, and the average value is compared with data detected by a detection mechanism according to the national standard GB18267 cashmere, so that the absolute value of the error is not more than 2%, the standard requirements are met, and the specific data are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of hand-picking purified cashmere rate and machine-detected purified cashmere rate of cashmere washed cashmere

After a certain amount of fiber mixture samples are combed by the device and the single-combing-roller impurity analyzer, the damage degree of fibers is tested, and data show that the device can reduce the fiber damage in the carding process from mild to severe loosening of the combed fibers, and specific data are shown in table 2. Wherein the parameters of the single combing roller in the single combing roller impurity analyzer are as follows: the diameter is 250mm, the rotating speed is 1000rpm, the surface linear velocity is 13.08m/s, and the surface centrifugal acceleration is 1369.39m/s²。

Table 2 damage contrast of cashmere combed by this embodiment and single carding roller impurity analyzer

In addition, the invention carries out relevant test and data detection on the method for separating the mixture of animal fluff, coarse fluff and impurities by the device by changing the rotating speed of each carding roller.

The difference between this embodiment and the above embodiments is only that the rotation speed of the carding roller of the pre-carding mechanism 31 is 650rpm, the rotation speed of the carding roller of the carding and impurity removing mechanism 32 is 3000rpm, and the rotation speed of the carding roller of the carding and transferring mechanism 33 is 5800 rpm.

8 cashmere samples are tested by the method, two samples are selected from each sample, the average value is taken after the cashmere purifying rate is tested, and the average value is compared with data detected by a detection mechanism according to the national standard GB18267 cashmere, so that the absolute value of the error is not more than 2 percent, the standard requirements are met, and the specific data are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3 comparison of hand-picking purified cashmere rate and machine-detected purified cashmere rate of cashmere washed cashmere

After a certain amount of fiber mixture samples are carded by using the device and a single carding roller impurity analyzer (the parameter setting is the same as that of the previous embodiment), the damage degree of fibers is tested, and the data shows that the device can relax to violently loosen and comb the fibers, so that the fiber damage in the carding process is reduced, and the specific data are shown in a table 4.

Table 4 damage contrast of cashmere combed by this embodiment and single carding roller impurity analyzer

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other. For the scheme disclosed by the embodiment, the scheme corresponds to the method disclosed by the embodiment, so that the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the method part for description.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.