阅读说明：本技术 高分子富氟氧化剂基非金型高爆热工业炸药及其制备方法 (High-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive and preparation method thereof ) 是由 束庆海 吴启才 于 2021-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及高分子富氟氧化剂基非金型高爆热工业炸药及其制备方法,采用高分子富氟氧化剂、活性金属还原剂、非金高爆热添加剂和粘结剂为原料,均为普通化学品试剂,来源广泛易得,采用简单的混粉、搅拌、造粒和干燥工艺即可制备,适宜工业化批量生产,过程安全可控。在高分子富氟氧化剂基反应材料的基础上添加了非金型高爆热添加剂,显著提高了炸药的爆热,有利于提升产品的爆破能力。(The invention relates to a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive and a preparation method thereof. The non-gold high-explosive-heat additive is added on the basis of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based reaction material, so that the explosive heat of the explosive is remarkably improved, and the explosive capacity of the product is favorably improved.)

1. The preparation method of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive is characterized by being prepared from a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer, an active metal reducing agent, a non-gold high-explosive-heat additive and a bonding agent.

2. The method for preparing the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive according to claim 1, wherein the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer is one or more of perfluoropolyether, polyfluoro polyolefin and polyfluoro polyester.

3. The method for preparing the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive according to claim 1, wherein the active metal reducing agent is one or more of aluminum powder, magnesium powder, zinc powder and titanium powder.

4. The method for preparing the high molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high explosive heat industrial explosive according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive is one or more of fluororubber, silicone rubber, phenolic resin and epoxy resin.

5. The method for preparing the high molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive according to claim 1, wherein the non-gold high-explosive-heat additive is one or more of silicon powder, boron powder, silicon dioxide and boron oxide.

6. The preparation method of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw materials comprise, by mass: 30-75 parts of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant, 10-50 parts of the active metal reducing agent, 5-15 parts of the non-gold high-explosive-heat additive and 0.5-5 parts of the binder.

7. The method for preparing the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive according to claim 1, wherein the particle size of the active metal reducing agent is 10-75 μm.

8. The preparation method of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) premixing

If the active metal reducing agent is a mixture of a plurality of active metal reducing agents, the active metal reducing agents are mixed in a V-shaped mixer for 1 hour under the protection of inert atmosphere to obtain a mixture of active metal powder;

(2) granulating

Adding the binder into ethyl acetate, stirring until the binder is completely dissolved, dispersing the active metal reducing agent, the non-gold high-explosive heat additive and the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the binder coated reducing agent;

and extruding and granulating the obtained dispersion liquid through a granulator, and drying the obtained granules at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

9. A high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive, which is obtained by the preparation method according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of civil explosion.

Background

The fluorine-rich oxidant has good compatibility with substances such as common industrial explosive combustibles, additives, emulsifiers, foaming agents and the like, has excellent long-term storage performance, can form a self-maintained active reaction material after being mixed with active metal in a certain proportion and granulated, and is a novel insensitive energetic material with good application prospect. Because the system does not contain explosive groups such as nitryl, nitroso and the like, the detonation capacity and the detonation heat of the reaction system are relatively weaker than those of nitryl explosives, and the defects of brisance and limited power are brought while the potential safety hazard is thoroughly eradicated. One of the commonly used methods is to increase the temperature released by the reaction by adding a thermite to achieve expansion work in a closed system. However, the added metal oxide generally has certain hygroscopicity, and is easy to agglomerate after moisture absorption, which brings great hidden troubles to the stability of the reaction and the heat generation efficiency. Therefore, the development of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive has very important scientific significance and application value.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive and a preparation method thereof, and aims to solve the problems that the current industrial explosive is large in pollution, high in sensitivity, low in safety in production and transportation processes, and low in explosive heat of high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based reaction materials, so that the explosive capacity is insufficient.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.

The invention discloses a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive, which takes a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant, an active metal reducing agent, a non-gold high-explosive-heat additive and a bonding agent as main components, has the advantages of no sulfur, no nitrogen, little smoke, low sensitivity and the like, and can be widely applied to the production of industrial explosives.

A process for preparing the non-gold high-explosion-heat industrial explosive based on high-molecular fluorine-enriched oxidant includes such steps as preparing the high-molecular fluorine-enriched oxidant, reducing agent of active metal, non-gold high-explosion-heat additive and adhesive.

Wherein the high molecular fluorine-rich oxidant is one or more of perfluoropolyether, polyfluoropolymer and polyfluoro polyester;

the active metal reducing agent is one or more of aluminum powder, magnesium powder, zinc powder and titanium powder;

the binder is one or more of fluororubber, silicon rubber, phenolic resin and epoxy resin.

The non-gold high-explosive-heat additive is one or more of silicon powder, boron powder, silicon dioxide and boron oxide.

According to some preferred embodiments of the present invention, each raw material comprises, in parts by mass: 30-75 parts of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant, 10-50 parts of the active metal reducing agent, 5-15 parts of the non-gold high-explosive-heat additive and 0.5-5 parts of the binder.

According to some preferred embodiments of the invention, the active metal reducing agent has a particle size of 10 to 75 μm.

A preparation method of a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidizer-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive comprises the following steps:

(1) premixing

If the active metal reducing agent is a mixture of a plurality of active metal reducing agents, the active metal reducing agents are mixed in a V-shaped mixer for 1 hour under the protection of inert atmosphere to obtain a mixture of active metal powder;

(2) granulating

Adding the binder into ethyl acetate, stirring until the binder is completely dissolved, dispersing the active metal reducing agent, the non-gold high-explosive heat additive and the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the binder coated reducing agent;

and extruding and granulating the obtained dispersion liquid through a granulator, and drying the obtained granules at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

Boron and silicon both belong to non-metallic substances with higher reaction heat value, and react with oxygen to generate boron oxide and silicon dioxide, and release a large amount of heat. In addition, aluminum powder, boron oxide and silicon dioxide can react violently at high temperature, and aluminum oxide is generated while elemental silicon and boron are reduced, and the high reaction heat of the aluminum oxide is also one of the common ways for improving the explosion heat in the fields of mixed explosives and propellants. However, in a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant reaction material system, boron and silicon substances as high-explosion heat additives are not reported yet. By adding the boron and silicon non-metal high-explosion-heat additive, the method has very important significance and wide application prospect on the utilization rate of aluminum powder in a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant reaction system, the reduction of the cost of the reaction system and the improvement of the integral generated heat of the reaction system.

Has the advantages that:

1. the invention provides a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive and a preparation method thereof.

2. The high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based safe and environment-friendly industrial explosive prepared by the invention can be used for replacing traditional black powder, ammonium nitrate fuel oil explosive, nitramine explosive, nitroglycerin explosive and the like, has the advantages of no sulfur and nitrogen, environmental friendliness, low mechanical and electrostatic sensitivity, high safety and the like, and can be widely applied to industrial explosive production.

3. According to the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive and the preparation method thereof, provided by the invention, the non-gold high-explosive-heat additive is added on the basis of the high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based reaction material, so that the explosive heat is obviously improved, and the explosive capacity of the product is favorably improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention in any manner. Unless otherwise indicated, the various starting materials used in the examples of the present invention are either conventionally available commercially or prepared according to conventional methods in the art using equipment commonly used in the laboratory. Unless defined or stated otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Example 1

A preparation method of a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive comprises the following specific steps:

(1) premixing

Under the protection of inert atmosphere, mixing 22 parts of spherical magnesium powder and 8 parts of spherical aluminum powder in a V-shaped mixer for 1 hour to obtain a mixture of active metal powder; wherein the particle size of the magnesium powder is 10 μm, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is 40 μm.

(2) Granulating

Adding 2 parts of fluororubber 5702 to ethyl acetate, stirring until the fluororubber is completely dissolved, dispersing the mixture of 30 parts of active metal powder, 8 parts of boron oxide and 60 parts of polyvinylidene fluoride powder in the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the binder-coated reducing agent. Wherein the particle size of the boron oxide is 10 μm, and the particle size of the polyvinylidene fluoride powder is 160 μm.

And extruding and granulating the obtained slurry through a granulator with a particle plate of 2mm, and drying the obtained particles at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

Example 2

A preparation method of a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive comprises the following specific steps:

(1) premixing

Under the protection of inert atmosphere, mixing 30 parts of spherical magnesium powder and 10 parts of spherical aluminum powder in a V-shaped mixer for 1 hour to obtain a mixture of active metal powder; wherein the particle size of the magnesium powder is 10 μm, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is 40 μm.

(2) Granulating

Adding 3 parts of phenolic resin (with the molecular weight of 1000-3000) into ethyl acetate, stirring until the phenolic resin is completely dissolved, dispersing the mixture of 40 parts of active metal powder, 15 parts of silicon dioxide and 42 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene powder into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the binder-coated reducing agent. Wherein the particle size of the silicon dioxide is 10 μm, and the particle size of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is 160 μm.

And extruding and granulating the obtained slurry through a granulator with a particle plate of 2mm, and drying the obtained particles at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

Example 3

A preparation method of a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive comprises the following specific steps:

(1) premixing

Under the protection of inert atmosphere, mixing 32 parts of spherical magnesium powder and 11 parts of spherical aluminum powder in a V-shaped mixer for 1 hour to obtain a mixture of active metal powder; wherein the particle size of the magnesium powder is 10 μm, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is 40 μm.

(2) Granulating

2 parts of fluororubber 5702 is added to ethyl acetate, stirred until the fluororubber is completely dissolved, and the mixture of 43 parts of active metal powder, 10 parts of silicon powder and 45 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene powder are dispersed in the solution, and stirred for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the binder-coated reducing agent. Wherein the grain diameter of the silicon powder is 10 mu m, and the grain diameter of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is 160 mu m.

Example 4

A preparation method of a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive comprises the following specific steps:

(1) premixing

Under the protection of inert atmosphere, mixing 16 parts of spherical magnesium powder, 10 parts of zinc powder and 17 parts of spherical aluminum powder in a V-shaped mixer for 1 hour to obtain a mixture of active metal powder; wherein the particle size of the magnesium powder is 10 mu m, the particle size of the zinc powder is 40 mu m, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is 40 mu m.

(2) Granulating

Adding 2 parts of fluororubber 5702 to ethyl acetate, stirring until the fluororubber is completely dissolved, dispersing the mixture of 43 parts of active metal powder, 10 parts of silicon powder, 5 parts of boron powder, 30 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene powder and 10 parts of perfluoropolyether into the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the binder-coated reducing agent. Wherein the particle size of the silicon powder and the boron powder is 10 μm, the particle size of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is 160 μm, and the molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether is 500-2000.

Example 5

A preparation method of a high-molecular fluorine-rich oxidant-based non-gold high-explosive-heat industrial explosive comprises the following specific steps:

(1) premixing

Under the protection of inert atmosphere, mixing 10 parts of spherical magnesium powder, 10 parts of titanium powder and 23 parts of spherical aluminum powder in a V-shaped mixer for 1 hour to obtain a mixture of active metal powder; wherein the particle size of the magnesium powder is 10 mu m, the particle size of the titanium powder is 40 mu m, and the particle size of the aluminum powder is 40 mu m.

(2) Granulating

Adding 2 parts of fluororubber 5702 to ethyl acetate, stirring until the fluororubber is completely dissolved, dispersing the mixture of 43 parts of active metal powder, 5 parts of silicon powder, 10 parts of boron oxide, 30 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene powder and 10 parts of perfluoropolyether methyl ester in the solution, and stirring for 2 hours to obtain a dispersion liquid of the binder-coated reducing agent. Wherein the particle size of the silicon powder and the boron oxide is 10 μm, the particle size of the polytetrafluoroethylene powder is 160 μm, and the molecular weight of the perfluoropolyether methyl ester is 500-2000.

And extruding and granulating the obtained slurry through a granulator with a particle plate of 2mm, and drying the obtained particles at the drying temperature of 60 ℃ to obtain the final product.

According to the test method of GJB 772A-1997 mechanical sensitivity, a 10Kg drop weight with a drop height of 25cm is adopted to carry out sampling detection on industrial explosive samples prepared from a plurality of batches. The impact sensitivity and the friction sensitivity of the product prepared by the invention are both 0% and 0%, and compared with the traditional industrial explosive (the mechanical sensitivity is more than 30%), the safety performance of the product is improved.

Sampling and detecting the industrial explosive samples prepared from a plurality of batches by adopting an oxygen nitrogen calorimeter, and after the fact that a non-gold high-explosion-heat reactant is added is detected, the combustion heat of a reaction system is increased from 9160J/g to 10870J/g under the same test condition, and the combustion heat of the reaction is increased by 19%.

In addition, the formula composition does not contain elements such as sulfur, nitrogen and the like, the reaction product avoids the generation of nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide, and the problem of air pollution caused by industrial explosives is fundamentally solved.

The above detailed description is intended to illustrate the objects, aspects and advantages of the present invention, and it should be understood that the above detailed description is only exemplary of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.