阅读说明：本技术 一种防治水葫芦复合药剂的制备方法及应用 (Preparation method and application of compound pesticide for preventing and treating water hyacinth ) 是由 高健 罗艺涓 袁红 王铭 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种防治水葫芦复合药剂制备方法及应用,步骤是：1)配置药剂：配置青鲜素药剂：选择青鲜素粉末物,添加蒸馏水配制青鲜素质量浓度为3-4g/L的溶液,得药剂A；2)稀释药剂：稀释有效成分30％的农达草甘膦异丙胺盐,配置质量浓度为4g/L的溶液,获得稀释药剂B；3)复合使用防治水葫芦：将配置的青鲜素药剂A一次均匀地喷洒在水葫芦上,3天后再将稀释草甘膦药剂B喷洒在水葫芦上,杀灭水葫芦。本发明充分利用了青鲜素和草甘膦两种药剂叠加的化学特性防治水葫芦这种恶性杂草,防治效果佳,原料用量少,操作方便,成本低廉,处理效率高,时间快,能够有效的遏制水葫芦爆发带来的水生态灾害问题。(The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a compound pesticide for preventing and treating water hyacinth, which comprises the following steps: 1) preparing a medicament: preparing a Qingxiansu medicament: selecting a powder of the cynanchum otophyllum, and adding distilled water to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of the cynanchum otophyllum of 3-4g/L to obtain a medicament A; 2) diluted release medicament: diluting the glyphosate isopropylamine salt of the agricultural land with 30 percent of the effective component, and preparing a solution with the mass concentration of 4g/L to obtain a diluted release medicament B; 3) the compound use of the water hyacinth is as follows: uniformly spraying the prepared Qingxiansu medicament A on the water hyacinth at one time, and spraying the diluted glyphosate medicament B on the water hyacinth after 3 days to kill the water hyacinth. The method fully utilizes the chemical characteristics of the two superposed medicaments of the Qingxiansu and the glyphosate to prevent and treat the malignant weeds of the water hyacinth, has good prevention and treatment effect, small using amount of raw materials, convenient operation, low cost, high treatment efficiency and quick time, and can effectively inhibit the problem of water ecological disasters caused by the explosion of the water hyacinth.)

1. A preparation method of a compound drug for preventing and treating water hyacinth comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a medicament A: selecting powder of cynanchum otophyllum, adding distilled water to prepare a solution with the concentration of 0.5-4g/L of cynanchum otophyllum to obtain a medicament A;

(2) a diluted release agent B: diluting the isopropyl ammonium glyphosate with 30% of effective component to obtain a solution with glyphosate concentration of 0.5-4g/L to obtain a diluent B;

(3) the method for preventing and controlling the water hyacinth by combined use comprises the following steps: the medicine A is uniformly sprayed on the water hyacinth once, and the diluted medicine B is sprayed on the water hyacinth after four days, so that the water hyacinth is killed compositely.

2. The preparation method of the compound pesticide for controlling the water hyacinth, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the agent A in the step 1: the mass concentration of the cynanchum otophyllum is 3-4 g/L.

3. The preparation method of the compound pesticide for controlling the water hyacinth, according to claim 1, is characterized in that: in the reagent B in the step 2, the mass concentration of the glyphosate is 4 g/L.

4. The application of the compound pesticide for controlling the water hyacinth in the claim 1 comprises the following steps:

(1) uniformly spraying the agent A on the water hyacinth once, wherein 60-80g of the Qingxiansu for killing and preventing the water hyacinth is sprayed on each 10 mu of the water hyacinth by adding 20kg of water;

(2) after three days, the diluted release agent B is sprayed on the water hyacinth, 80g of glyphosate is used for killing and preventing the water hyacinth per 10 mu, and 20kg of water is added for spreading.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of biological invasion prevention and control, in particular to a preparation method of a compound drug for preventing and controlling water hyacinth and a use method of the compound drug for controlling the water hyacinth.

Background

The water hyacinth is native to south America, is introduced into China in the 30 th century, serves as livestock feed and can also serve as ornamental plants for popularization and planting. The water is inundated in the middle of 90 s in the twentieth century, and particularly overgrows in eutrophic water, so that the water is rotten and smelly due to the dredging management and pollutes the water quality. The national environmental protection agency listed it as one of the first most dangerous 16 alien invasive species in 2003. The water hyacinth has extremely high asexual propagation speed and strong adaptability, so the water hyacinth easily becomes a single dominant species in a water area. If sexual propagation is carried out, hundreds of seeds can be grown from each inflorescence, the service life of the seeds is long, and the seeds become new plants after being matured, so that the number of the water hyacinth plants is increased in geometric multiples; the water hyacinth has strong stress resistance, and dried or rotten water hyacinth can still be bred; the water hyacinth also has strong fertilizer resistance and disease resistance. These characteristics make its species one of the most harmful aquatic weeds in the world today.

Due to the excellent competitive mechanism and the breeding rate of the water hyacinth, the water hyacinth is often quickly the dominant population of the growing water area. The influence on the water environment can be generally divided into the influence on the dynamic state of the water body, the influence on the ecological system of the water body, the influence on the environmental quality of the water body and the influence on social economy.

At present, the prevention and control of the water hyacinth are mainly focused on three methods of physical and chemical prevention and control, biological prevention and control and composite prevention and control. The most common method for chemical control of water hyacinth is to spray water with soluble plant liquorice, chlorosulfonic acid powder or pesticide solution to kill water hyacinth. Although the method can play a certain role in a short period, the water hyacinth cannot be quickly and completely killed by spraying a single medicament; and the traditional chemical agent killing mode has large dosage and has pollution risk to other organisms in the water body. Therefore, the objective requirement is to find a method which has high efficiency, low medicament dosage, low cost, convenient use and simple operation and can effectively inhibit the growth of the water hyacinth.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the prior art that the water hyacinth is prevented and treated by a single chemical agent, the invention aims to provide a preparation method of a water hyacinth preventing and treating compound chemical agent, which has the advantages of high efficiency, low agent dosage, low cost, easy method and simple operation, and the proper concentration and application mode are selected according to the proportion of the water hyacinth preventing and treating chemical agent.

The invention also aims to provide application of the water hyacinth compound medicament, which can effectively inhibit the growth of the water hyacinth.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a preparation method of a compound drug for preventing and treating water hyacinth comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a medicament A: selecting the cynanchum wilfordii, adding distilled water to prepare a solution with the mass concentration of 0.5-4g/L of the cynanchum wilfordii to obtain a medicament A;

2. a diluted release agent B: diluting the isopropyl glyphosate with 30% of effective component to prepare a solution with glyphosate mass concentration of 0.5-4g/L to obtain a diluent B;

preferably:

the agent A in the step 1: the mass concentration of the cynanchum otophyllum is 3-4 g/L.

The agent B in the step 2: the mass concentration of the glyphosate is 4 g/L.

Preferably, the glyphosate reagent has a plant killing effect on the water hyacinth, but the effect is not obvious after the slow effect; the solution of the cynanchum wilfordii extract can not necrotize large-area pathological changes of water hyacinth plants, but can inhibit the growth of new buds and new leaves of the water hyacinth plants, and has obvious effect. The different action characteristics of the two medicaments on the water hyacinth are fully utilized, the medicament effect is exerted jointly, and the aims of reducing the medicament dosage, shortening the action time and quickly killing the water hyacinth are fulfilled.

An application method of a compound pesticide for preventing and treating water hyacinth on water hyacinth comprises the following steps:

1. uniformly spraying the agent A on the water hyacinth once, wherein 60-80g of the Qingxiansu for killing and preventing the water hyacinth is used per 10 mu, and adding 20kg of water for spreading.

2. After three days, the diluted release agent B is sprayed on the water hyacinth, 80g of glyphosate is used for killing and preventing the water hyacinth per 10 mu, and 20kg of water is added for spreading.

Through the technical measures: the dosage of the spraying agent is controlled, so that the control effect of quickly killing the water hyacinth is achieved, and the quality of the water ecological environment is favorably ensured.

The invention utilizes the composite medicament of the macranthoidin (Maleic hydrazide) and the Glyphosate (Glyphosate) with different concentrations to spray the water hyacinth, and is used for inhibiting and killing the water hyacinth to finally prevent and control the ecological harm caused by mass propagation. The method starts the high-efficiency low-toxicity prevention and control work on the water hyacinth from a new aspect, makes full use of the chemical characteristics of the superposition of two medicaments of the kukoamine and the glyphosate to prevent and control the miscarriage weeds of the water hyacinth, has good prevention and control effect, small using amount of raw materials, convenient operation, low cost, high treatment efficiency, quick time and small subsequent ecological problems, and can effectively inhibit the problem of aquatic disaster caused by the explosion of the water hyacinth.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

through studying two kinds of chemical agent different concentrations and different spraying moments, observe spraying the effect with other single chemical herbicide compares, single medicament has been overcome and has been sprinkled, the big drawback that takes effect slowly (glyphosate) or can not kill water hyacinth (the qingxiansu) completely of quantity, carry out organic combination with both effects, improve through rational ratio and application mode, reach the effect of restraining water hyacinth new leaf growth (the qingxiansu) fast and killing water hyacinth (glyphosate) in short time, and compound medicament is used, help reducing the single medicament quantity. Experiments show that the prevention and treatment effect on the water hyacinth reaches more than 90% of plant injury death rate in 7 days, the high-efficiency prevention and treatment effect on the water hyacinth is effectively realized, and the water hyacinth prevention and treatment agent has the advantages of less liquid medicine consumption, high efficiency, low cost, convenience in use, simplicity in operation and the like, and can be effectively used for prevention and treatment of the water hyacinth.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a graph showing the damage rating of water hyacinth after spraying the solution of the cynarin for one week in example 2.

FIG. 2 is a graph showing the injury rating of water hyacinth after spraying glyphosate solution for one week in example 3.

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the damage rating of water hyacinth in example 4 after spraying the compound preparation for one week.

Detailed Description

Example 1:

a preparation method of a compound drug for preventing and treating water hyacinth comprises the following steps:

1. preparing a medicament A: selecting powder of cynanchum otophyllum, adding distilled water to prepare the powder, wherein the mass concentration of the cynanchum otophyllum is 0.5 or 1.0 or 2.0 or 3.0 or 4.0g/L, and obtaining a medicament A;

2. a diluted release agent B: diluting 30% of glyphosate isopropylamine salt of agricultural land with glyphosate mass concentration of 0.5 or 1.0 or 2.0 or 3.0 or 4.0g/L to obtain a diluent B.

Example 2:

taking 90 water hyacinth as an experimental object, taking:

an application method of a compound pesticide for preventing and treating water hyacinth on water hyacinth comprises the following steps:

1. the prepared agent A in example 1 is sprayed on water hyacinth according to different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 g/L).

2. Observing the water hyacinth sprayed with the agent A with different concentrations, recording the number of buds and leaves of each plant of the water hyacinth before and after spraying, measuring the rooting condition, weighing and recording; after one week of spraying, the weight of the water hyacinth plants, the number of shoots and leaves and the visual damage rating were analyzed in comparison.

The water hyacinth part withers 7 days after spraying the cynarin solution, the number of the new leaves is reduced along with the increase of the mass concentration of the cynarin solution, wherein the number of the withered and necrotic leaves is the most after spraying the cynarin solution with the mass concentration of 3.0 and 4.0g/L, and the growth of the water hyacinth is obviously inhibited more than that of other concentrations, so that the effect is more obvious. The evaluation data of the injury ratings of the water hyacinth before and after the implementation are subjected to pairwise comparison anova, and the results show that the injury changes of A1, B1, C1, D1, E1 and F1 are remarkably different (P < 0.05). B1, C1 and D1 have no significant difference (P >0.05), E1 and F1 have no significant difference (P >0.05), but the overall damage degree is greater than that of other groups, and the phenomenon of complete lethal plants does not occur (figure 1). Total damage caused by necrosis or yellowing of the water hyacinth plants was scored using a 0-5 scoring system. Grade 0 indicates no damage, grade 1 indicates a damaged area of 1-20%, grade 2 indicates a damaged area of 21-45%, grade 3 indicates a damaged area of 46-65%, grade 4 indicates a damaged area of 66-85%, and grade 5 indicates plant death.

Example 3:

taking 90 water hyacinth as an experimental object, taking:

the application of the compound pesticide for preventing and treating the water hyacinth on the water hyacinth comprises the following steps:

1. the prepared drug B in example 1 was sprayed on water hyacinth at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 g/L).

2. Observing the water hyacinth sprayed with the agents B with different concentrations, recording the number of buds and leaves of each plant of the water hyacinth before and after spraying, measuring the rooting condition, weighing and recording; after one week of spraying, the weight of the water hyacinth plants, the number of shoots and leaves and the visual damage rating were analyzed in comparison.

After the glyphosate solution is sprayed for 3 days, the water hyacinth part withers, the number of newly-grown leaves is reduced completely, and the reduction amount is increased along with the increase of the mass concentration of the glyphosate solution, wherein after the glyphosate solution with the mass concentration of 4.0g/L is sprayed, new buds basically do not appear, the number of withered and necrotic leaves is the largest, the inhibition on the growth of the water hyacinth is obviously higher than that of other low concentrations, and the effect is more obvious. The evaluation data of the injury ratings of the water hyacinth before and after the implementation are subjected to pairwise comparison anova, and the results show that the injury changes of A2, B2, C2, D2, E2 and F2 are remarkably different (P < 0.05). B2, C2, D2 and E2 have no significant difference (P >0.05), and a completely lethal plant phenomenon occurs. (FIG. 2).

Example 4:

taking 90 water hyacinth as an experimental object, taking:

the application of the compound pesticide for preventing and treating the water hyacinth on the water hyacinth comprises the following steps:

1. uniformly spraying the medicament A on the water hyacinth at one time, wherein the mass ratio of the medicament A: the mass concentration of the cynanchum otophyllum is 3 or 4 g/L.

2. Spraying the diluted medicament B on the water hyacinth after 3 days, wherein the diluted medicament B: the mass concentration of the glyphosate is 4 g/L;

3. respectively spraying the prepared agent A in the embodiment 1 on the water hyacinth according to different concentrations (3.0 g/L and 4.0g/L), spraying the agent B on the water hyacinth on the fourth day after the agent A is sprayed, observing the water hyacinth on the seventh day, recording the number of buds and leaves of each plant of the water hyacinth before and after spraying, measuring the rooting condition, weighing and recording; after one week of spraying, the weight of the water hyacinth plants, the number of shoots and leaves and the visual damage rating were analyzed in comparison.

By observation, (1) morphological characteristics: most of the water hyacinth plants begin to turn from yellow to black on the second day after the glyphosate solution is sprayed, the water hyacinth plants do not grow new buds and leaves any more, and the water hyacinth plants grow densely with more spots; (2) biomass: the high-concentration cynanchum glaucescens and the glyphosate are superposed, the number of buds of water hyacinth plants is reduced more obviously, withered and blackened buds appear, and the number of water hyacinth leaves is reduced to different degrees; (3) and (3) sprouting of new buds: the compound agent of the cynanchum wilfordii and the glyphosate inhibits the germination and growth of new buds; (4) the number of blades is as follows: the composite pesticide of the Qingxiansu and the glyphosate has good killing effect on the water hyacinth leaves and can effectively control the biomass of the water hyacinth. The evaluation data of the injury of the water hyacinth before and after the implementation are subjected to pairwise comparison anova, and the result shows that A3 is remarkably different from B3 and C3 (P < 0.05). The damage degree of B3 and C3 is not significantly different (P >0.05), and the phenomenon of complete lethal plants appears. (FIG. 3)

Combining the results, the optimum concentration of the solution of the cynanchum otophyllum is 3-4g/L, and the treatment time is that: the water hyacinth is treated by the agent of the Qingxiansu for three days, and the glyphosate is added on the fourth day.

The technical scheme provided by the invention can be used for carrying out conventional stem and leaf spray control on the water hyacinth in the water body, and the control recommended dose is 60-80g of the pesticide Qingxiansu for killing and controlling the water hyacinth per 10 mu according to experimental calculation and is added with 20kg of water; 80g of glyphosate is added with 20kg of water.