阅读说明：本技术 一种阻抗自调节的智能节电装置及其使用方法 (Intelligent power saving device with self-adjusting impedance and use method thereof ) 是由 徐磊 刘杨 于 2021-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种阻抗自调节的智能节电装置及其使用方法,根据电磁平衡原理,采用增加负载起动瞬间时等值阻抗的方式,抑制起动电流,包括供电系统、智能节电装置和负载,三者之间采用串联形式,其阻抗依次为Z-(S)、Z-(I)和Z-(L),其中的智能节电装置包括大限流电阻和自恢复保险丝,二者采用并联形式,其正常工作时电阻分别为R-(1)和R-(2)。本发明可以实现自动控制抑制负载的起动电流的目的,达到智能节电的效果,还可以提高设备使用寿命,减小对电网冲击。(The invention provides an impedance self-adjusting intelligent power saving device and a using method thereof, which adopt a mode of increasing equivalent impedance at the moment of starting a load to inhibit starting current according to an electromagnetic balance principle, and comprise a power supply system, the intelligent power saving device and the load, wherein the power supply system, the intelligent power saving device and the load are connected in series, and the impedance of the power supply system, the intelligent power saving device and the load is Z in turn S 、Z I And Z L The intelligent power-saving device comprises a large current-limiting resistor and a self-recovery fuse, which are connected in parallel, and the resistors are R respectively during normal operation 1 And R 2 . The invention can realize the purpose of automatically controlling and restraining the starting current of the load, achieve the effect of intelligent power saving, improve the service life of the equipment and reduce the impact on the power grid.)

1. An intelligent power-saving device with self-adjusting impedance is characterized in that: the intelligent power-saving device comprises a power supply system (1), an intelligent power-saving device (2) and a load (3), wherein the power supply system (1), the intelligent power-saving device (2) and the load (3) are connected in series, and the impedance of the power supply system, the intelligent power-saving device (2) and the load (3) is Z_S、Z_IAnd Z_LThe intelligent power saving device (2) comprises a large current limiting resistor (4) and a self-recovery fuse (5), the large current limiting resistor (4) and the self-recovery fuse (5) are connected in parallel, and the resistors are R respectively in normal working₁And R₂。

2. The intelligent power saving device with self-adjusting impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that: and selecting the parameters of the self-recovery fuse (5) to ensure that the resistance of the self-recovery fuse (5) is far smaller than the resistance of the large current-limiting resistor (4) so as to ensure that the consumed power consumption is low during normal work.

3. The intelligent power saving device with self-adjusting impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parameters of the self-healing fuse (5) are selected such that the current through the self-healing fuse (5) is no greater than its holding current when the load (3) is operating normally.

4. The intelligent power saving device with self-adjusting impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parameters of the self-healing fuse (5) are selected such that the current through the self-healing fuse (5) at start-up of the load (3) is greater than its operating current but does not exceed its maximum withstand current.

5. The intelligent power saving device with self-adjusting impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that: the parameters of the large current limiting resistor (4) are selected so that its resistance is sufficiently large to provide a sufficiently large suppression of the starting current in the event of the self-healing fuse (5) acting upon the start of the load (3).

6. The intelligent power saving device with self-adjusting impedance according to claim 1, characterized in that: if the power of the load (3) to be started is larger, the current in normal operation exceeds the holding current of a single self-recovery fuse (5), the holding current threshold value can be increased by connecting the self-recovery fuses in parallel so as to improve the corresponding load power, but the consistency of the used self-recovery fuse is required to be ensured to be better, and a larger margin is reserved in the design.

7. The use method of the intelligent power-saving device with self-adjusting impedance as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: selecting a larger R₁And smaller R₂Values to achieve the following effects: when the load works normally, the self-recovery fuse and the large current-limiting resistor work normally and are connected in parallel, so that the resistance value of the intelligent power-saving device is smaller and is R₁//R₂Thereby achieving the effect of small power consumption; when the load is started, the current is larger and exceeds the action current of the self-recovery fuse, and the action of the self-recovery fuse forms the branch circuit breakThe current only passes through the branch of the large current-limiting resistor, so that the resistance value of the intelligent power-saving device is larger and is R₁Thereby achieving the effect of limiting the starting current value.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of power electronics, in particular to an intelligent power saving device with self-adjusting impedance and a using method thereof.

Background

With the further development of energy-saving and emission-reducing concepts and the increasing importance of energy resources, various intelligent power-saving technologies are developed vigorously. In practical application, a large number of electrical devices such as various motors and the like have high starting instantaneous current, the starting current value of the electrical devices can reach several times to dozens of times of the rated load current, so that the high starting current causes great power resource waste, and because the starting time of the load cannot be controlled, a plurality of devices need to be frequently switched on and off, various large and small random surge impact and high-frequency pollution can be caused to a power grid, the service life of the devices can be greatly influenced, and even safety accidents can be caused in severe cases. Therefore, how to suppress the starting current is an important issue of the intelligent power saving technology.

Aiming at the problem of starting current suppression, the invention adopts a mode of increasing equivalent impedance at the moment of starting a load according to an electromagnetic balance principle to reduce starting current, thereby achieving the purpose of saving electricity, prolonging the service life of equipment and reducing the impact on a power grid.

The self-healing fuse used in the present invention has a ptc (positive Temperature coefficient) effect, i.e., a positive Temperature coefficient effect, which means that the resistance of the material increases with the increase of Temperature. Normally, the self-recovery fuse has a non-linear PTC effect, i.e. the material undergoing a phase change exhibits a sharp increase in resistance of several to tens of orders of magnitude along a narrow temperature range. This effect can be exhibited by a wide variety of types of conductive polymers, such as polymeric PTC thermistors. These conductive polymers are useful for making overcurrent protection devices. A common self-healing fuse is comprised of a specially treated polymeric resin with conductive particles (usually carbon black) dispersed therein. Under normal operation, the polymer resin tightly binds the conductive particles outside the crystalline structure to form a chain-shaped conductive electric path, the self-recovery fuse is in a low-resistance state at the moment, and the heat energy generated by the current flowing through the self-recovery fuse on the circuit is small, so that the crystal structure cannot be changed. When a large current flows through the self-recovery fuse, the generated heat melts the polymer resin, the volume is rapidly increased to form a high-resistance state, and meanwhile, the working current is rapidly reduced until the circuit is broken. When the current is reduced, the self-recovery fuse is cooled and crystallized again, the volume is shrunk, the conductive particles form a conductive path again, and the self-recovery fuse is recovered to be in a low-resistance state, so that the circuit is protected without replacing the fuse.

The self-recovery fuse has been widely used in the circuit to protect short circuit, but the current main usage method is only to use it as a fuse which does not need to be replaced manually, and it forms the open circuit state under the large current, and it can not be used for the load starting current suppression.

The current common method for inhibiting the load starting current is to use a large current limiting resistor which is connected with a load in series to achieve the effect of inhibiting the maximum current in a circuit, but the current inhibiting effect cannot be achieved when the selected value is small, and the power consumption is too large when the current inhibiting circuit works normally when the selected value is large, so that the current inhibiting effect is difficult to achieve. A common compromise method when starting equipment such as a motor is to select a large current limiting resistor to be connected with the motor in series for load starting, and after the starting is finished, the current limiting resistor is manually short-circuited to avoid large power consumption.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problem of starting current suppression, the invention adopts a mode of increasing equivalent impedance at the moment of starting a load according to an electromagnetic balance principle to reduce starting current, thereby achieving the purpose of saving electricity, prolonging the service life of equipment and reducing the impact on a power grid.

The technical solution for realizing the invention is as follows: an intelligent power-saving device based on automatic impedance adjustment and a system using method comprise a power supply system, the intelligent power-saving device and a load, wherein the power supply system, the intelligent power-saving device and the load are connected in series, and the impedance of the power supply system, the intelligent power-saving device and the load is Z in sequence_S、Z_IAnd Z_LThe intelligent power saving device 2 comprises a large current limiting resistor and a self-recovery fuse, which are connected in parallel, and the resistors are R respectively during normal operation₁And R₂。

Preferably, the parameters of the self-recovery fuse are properly selected, so that the resistance of the self-recovery fuse is far smaller than the large current limiting resistance, and the low power consumption in normal operation is ensured.

Preferably, the parameters of the self-healing fuse are selected such that the current through the self-healing fuse is no greater than its holding current during normal operation of the load.

Preferably, the parameters of the self-healing fuse are chosen such that the current through the self-healing fuse at load start-up is greater than its operating current, but does not exceed its maximum withstand current.

Preferably, the parameters of the large current limiting resistor are suitably selected so that its resistance is large enough to provide a sufficiently large suppression of the starting current in the case of a self-restoring fuse action at load start-up.

Preferably, if the load power required to be started is larger, the current during normal operation exceeds the holding current of a single self-recovery fuse, the holding current threshold can be increased by connecting the self-recovery fuses in parallel so as to improve the corresponding load power, but it is required to ensure that the consistency of the used self-recovery fuse is better, and a larger margin is reserved in the design.

An application method of an intelligent power-saving device with self-adjusting impedance selects a larger R₁And smaller R₂Values to achieve the following effects: when the load works normally, the self-recovery fuse and the large current-limiting resistor work normally and are connected in parallel, so that the resistance value of the intelligent power-saving device is smaller and is R₁//R₂Thereby achieving the effect of small power consumption; when the load is started, the current is large and exceeds the action current of the self-recovery fuse, the self-recovery fuse acts to form the branch circuit break, and the current only passes through the large current-limiting resistance branch circuit, so that the resistance value of the intelligent power-saving device is large and is R₁Thereby achieving the effect of limiting the starting current value.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: (1) can provide smaller normal work power consumption and better instant heavy current suppression effect at the same time; (2) the starting current suppression and recovery operation is completely and automatically carried out without manual intervention; (3) the cost is low, and the use is simple; (4) the self-recovery fuse also has an overheating protection function; (5) the invention can be applied to circuits with different purposes and use conditions, such as alternating current, direct current and the like.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a system schematic and equivalent circuit diagram of an intelligent power saving technique based on impedance self-regulation, wherein 1-the power supply system; 2-an intelligent power saving device; 3-load.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a system and an equivalent circuit diagram of embodiment 1, wherein 1-a power supply system; 2-an intelligent power saving device; 3-loading; 4-large current limiting resistor; 5-self-healing fuse.

Detailed Description

The invention mainly aims at equipment with starting current far larger than rated current such as a motor (for common servo motors, the starting current is usually 5 times to dozens of times of the rated current), an intelligent power saving device is designed in a mode that a self-recovery fuse with a small resistor is connected with a large current-limiting resistor in parallel, and then the intelligent power saving device is connected with a load in series to provide variable system equivalent impedance.

The resistance of the self-recovery fuse is very small in normal work, and the total resistance is smaller after the self-recovery fuse is connected with a large current-limiting resistor in parallel, so that the consumed power is very small; if the starting current is smaller and does not exceed the action current of the self-recovery fuse during instant starting, the resistance of the self-recovery fuse is increased, and the starting current is still inhibited; if the starting current is larger than the action current of the self-recovery fuse, the self-recovery fuse acts to form a short circuit of the branch circuit, but the parallel large current-limiting resistor can still work normally, so that the circuit break is not caused, and the large current-limiting resistor can be provided to effectively inhibit the starting current. After the starting current is reduced to be lower than the action current of the self-recovery fuse, the self-recovery fuse can be automatically recovered.

Compared with the traditional current-limiting resistance method, the method has the advantages that smaller normal working power consumption and better instant large current suppression effect can be provided at the same time; and realize the complete automatic operation without manual intervention; meanwhile, the cost is low, the use is simple, and the application range is wide.

It should be noted that the power of the device to which the present invention can be applied is limited by parameters such as the operating current of the self-recovery fuse, and the maximum voltage that the self-recovery fuse provided by the existing manufacturers can bear is 600Vrms, and the maximum holding current is 15A; the maximum voltage of PPTC for the automobile is 60Vdc, and the maximum holding current is 15A; theoretically, the holding current threshold can be increased by connecting the self-recovery fuses in parallel, so that the corresponding load power is improved, but the consistency of the used self-recovery fuses needs to be better ensured, and a larger margin is reserved in the design.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

As shown in figure 2, the intelligent power-saving device with self-adjusting impedance and the use method thereof comprise a power supply system 1, an intelligent power-saving device 2 and a load 3 which are connected in series, wherein the impedance of the intelligent power-saving device 2 and the load 3 is Z in sequence_S、Z_IAnd Z_LThe intelligent power-saving device 2 comprises a large current-limiting resistor 4 and a self-recovery fuse 5 which are connected in parallel, and the resistors are R respectively during normal operation₁And R₂。

The load is HSV-220-plus 100 type servo motor of China Vitaceae, the rated voltage is 220VAC, the output power is 100W, the rated current is 0.6A, the peak current is 1.2A, the coil resistance is 41 omega, the coil inductance is 49mH, and the rated rotation speed is 3000 turns.

The self-recovery fuse is A250-1000 self-recovery fuse of Shenzhen Current collecting actual industry Limited company, and does not act as a current I_hold1.00A, operating current I_trip2.00A, maximum withstand voltage V_max250Vrms, maximum withstand current I_maxWhen the power consumption is 10.0A, the power consumption in the product operating state is only 4.00W, and the maximum resistance is 2.5 ohms.

The value of the large current limiting resistor is 100 omega.

When the fuse normally works, the resistance of the self-recovery fuse is 2.44 omega after the self-recovery fuse is connected with the large current-limiting resistor in parallel, the current mainly passes through the fuse, I_hold＝1.00A>Since the load rated current is 0.6A, the self-recovery fuse does not operate. When the intelligent power saving device normally works, the power consumption of the whole intelligent power saving device is about 0.6 × 0.6 × 2.44 ═ 0.878W, and the power consumption is very small and can be ignored.

When the motor is started, the starting current of the servo motor is usually 5-7 times of the rated current,the operating current I is exceeded according to the condition that 220V/(41 omega +2.44 omega) is 5.06A_trip2A, but less than the maximum withstand current I_maxThe self-recovery fuse operates without being damaged, because the fuse is 10A. Therefore, the starting current is reduced from 220V/41 Ω of 5.37A to 220V/(41+100) Ω of 1.56A at the time of the infinite current protection, and the reduction is about 71%, which can achieve a very significant power saving effect.

After the motor is normally started, the self-recovery fuse is restored to the low-resistance state, and the current flowing through the self-recovery fuse is reduced to I_holdThe system is automatically reset as follows.

Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present description refers to embodiments, not every embodiment may contain only a single embodiment, and such description is for clarity only, and those skilled in the art should integrate the description, and the embodiments may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments understood by those skilled in the art.