Pedal capable of freely adjusting angle and vehicle body comprising pedal

文档序号:296792 发布日期:2021-11-26 浏览:36次 中文

阅读说明:本技术 一种自由调节角度的脚踏以及包含其的车体 (Pedal capable of freely adjusting angle and vehicle body comprising pedal ) 是由 聂权 罗顺佳 于 2021-09-22 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明公开一种自由调节角度的脚踏以及包含其的车体,脚踏包括脚踏杆、安装杆和调节螺栓,脚踏杆上设有通孔,通孔的一端设有内凹锥面,安装杆的一端设有与内凹锥面适配的锥形凸起,安装杆上设有螺纹孔,锥形凸起容置在内凹锥面围壁的空间中,调节螺栓穿插在通孔中且调节螺栓的末端旋置在螺纹孔中。安装杆可以安装在车体上,需要调节脚踏杆的俯仰角度时,将调节螺栓拧松,转动脚踏杆至适宜角度,然后拧紧调节螺栓,确保安装杆上的锥形凸起紧紧地抵压在脚踏杆上的内凹锥面上,此时脚踏杆无法轻易地进行转动,从而完成了脚踏杆俯仰角度的调节,驾驶者可以根据自身的体验习惯随意调整脚踏的俯仰角度,实现驾驶者的个性化调节。(The invention discloses a pedal capable of freely adjusting an angle and a vehicle body comprising the pedal. The installation pole can be installed on the automobile body, when the every single move angle of foot rest pole needs to be adjusted, unscrew adjusting bolt, rotate foot rest pole to suitable angle, then tighten adjusting bolt, ensure that the toper arch on the installation pole supports tightly on the indent conical surface on the foot rest pole, the foot rest pole can't rotate easily this moment to accomplished the regulation of foot rest pole every single move angle, the driver can adjust pedal every single move angle according to the experience custom of self at will, realize driver's individualized regulation.)

1. A free angle regulation's is pedal, characterized by includes:

the pedal rod is provided with a through hole, one end of the through hole is provided with an inwards concave conical surface,

one end of the mounting rod is provided with a conical bulge matched with the concave conical surface, the mounting rod is provided with a threaded hole, the conical bulge is accommodated in the space of the wall of the concave conical surface,

and the adjusting bolt is inserted into the through hole in a penetrating way, and the tail end of the adjusting bolt is screwed in the threaded hole.

2. The pedal according to claim 1, wherein the end of the through hole is provided with a receiving cavity, the receiving cavity is located between the end of the through hole and the concave conical surface, the end of the conical protrusion is provided with a convex column matched with the receiving cavity, the threaded hole is located in the convex column, and the convex column is received in the receiving cavity.

3. The pedal according to claim 1, wherein the end surface of the pedal rod near the concave conical surface is provided with scale marks, and the mounting rod is provided with scale indication marks.

4. The footrest of claim 2 wherein a step is provided between the receiving cavity and the end of the through hole, and the end of the post abuts against the step.

5. The footrest of claim 1 further comprising a footrest member mounted on the footrest bar.

6. The footrest of claim 5 wherein said footrest is further provided with a stop at an end of said footrest member adjacent to said concave tapered surface, said end of said footrest member abutting against said stop.

7. The footrest of claim 5 wherein said footrest member is provided with a beveled corner at an end remote from said mounting bar.

8. The pedal according to any one of claims 1 to 8, further comprising a probe rod, wherein one end of the probe rod is arranged on the pedal rod, and the probe rod is obliquely arranged on the pedal rod.

9. The footrest of claim 8, wherein the probe rod is connected to the footrest rod by a screw or a plug.

10. The vehicle body is characterized by comprising the pedal according to any one of claims 1 to 9, and the other end of the mounting rod is arranged on the vehicle body.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a pedal with a freely adjustable angle and a vehicle body comprising the same.

Background

The pedal on the existing motorcycle is basically an integral piece, when a certain part on the pedal is damaged and needs to be replaced, the integral replacement is needed, the replacement cost is improved, and moreover, the styles, specifications and the like of the pedals installed on motorcycles of different models are different, so that great inconvenience is brought to pedal manufacturers, and the pedals of various styles need to be produced to be equipped with motorcycles of different models.

In addition, the pitch angle of the pedal on the existing motorcycle is fixed, and a driver cannot randomly adjust the angle of the pedal according to own experience habits, so that the limitation of driving comfort is brought to the driver.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a pedal with a freely adjustable angle and a vehicle body comprising the same.

According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a foothold with a freely adjustable angle, comprising:

a pedal rod, a through hole is arranged on the pedal rod, one end of the through hole is provided with an inward concave conical surface,

a mounting rod, one end of the mounting rod is provided with a conical bulge matched with the concave conical surface, the mounting rod is provided with a threaded hole, the conical bulge is accommodated in the space of the concave conical surface enclosure wall,

and the adjusting bolt is inserted into the through hole in a penetrating way, and the tail end of the adjusting bolt is screwed in the threaded hole.

According to the technical scheme of the invention, the mounting rod can be mounted on a vehicle body, when the pitch angle of the pedal rod needs to be adjusted, the adjusting bolt is unscrewed, the pedal rod is rotated to a proper angle, then the adjusting bolt is screwed, the conical bulge on the mounting rod is ensured to be tightly pressed against the concave conical surface on the pedal rod, at the moment, the pedal rod cannot be easily rotated, so that the pitch angle of the pedal rod is adjusted, a driver can randomly adjust the pitch angle of the pedal according to own experience habits, and the individualized adjustment of the driver is realized, in addition, when the mounting rod is applied to vehicle bodies of different models, a pedal manufacturer only needs to produce corresponding mounting rods according to the models of the vehicle bodies, can produce uniform pedal rods and adjusting bolts, realize the standardized production of the pedal rods and the adjusting bolts, improve the production efficiency and reduce the production cost, and meanwhile, when a certain part on the pedal is damaged and needs to be maintained and replaced, the mounting rod, the pedal rod or the adjusting bolt can be replaced independently without integral replacement, so that the maintenance cost is reduced.

In some embodiments, the end of the through hole may be provided with a receiving cavity, the receiving cavity is located between the end of the through hole and the concave conical surface, the end of the conical protrusion is provided with a convex pillar adapted to the receiving cavity, the threaded hole is located in the convex pillar, and the convex pillar is received in the receiving cavity. Therefore, the convex columns are matched with the accommodating cavities in an inserted mode, so that the overall strength of the pedal can be improved, and the bearing capacity of the pedal rod is effectively improved.

In some embodiments, the end surface of the pedal rod close to the concave conical surface can be provided with scale marks, and the mounting rod is provided with scale indicating marks. Therefore, the driver can accurately rotate the pedal rod according to the scale indication marks on the mounting rod, so that the pitch angle of the pedal can be accurately adjusted.

In some embodiments, a step may be disposed between the receiving cavity and the end of the through hole, and the end of the protruding pillar abuts against the step. From this, the step can stretch into the size of through-hole to the projection and carry on spacingly, and when the tip of projection supported and leaned on the step, the toper arch on the installation pole just supported and is pressed on the indent conical surface on the pedal pole, ensures the stability of installation pole and pedal pole's complex.

In some embodiments, a foot rest may be included, the foot rest being nested over the foot bar. Therefore, the pedal piece can be used for the driver to step on, and the comfort of stepping on of the driver is improved.

In some embodiments, the end of the foot bar near the concave conical surface may be provided with a stop against which the end of the foot member abuts. Therefore, the blocking part can limit the pedal part and prevent the pedal part from sliding on the pedal rod.

In some embodiments, the end of the footrest member remote from the mounting bar may be provided with a beveled corner. Therefore, when the vehicle body falls down, the bevel part on the pedal part is contacted with the ground surface, the impact force of the ground surface to the pedal part, the pedal rod and the mounting rod is relieved, and the pedal part, the pedal rod and the mounting rod can be effectively protected.

In some embodiments, the probe device may further include a probe rod, one end of the probe rod is disposed on the foot rest rod, and the probe rod is obliquely arranged on the foot rest rod. Therefore, when the vehicle body falls down, the probe rod is firstly contacted with the ground, and under the action of force applied to the probe rod by the ground, the probe rod can drive the pedal to be folded and folded, so that the pedal is effectively protected.

In some embodiments, the probe rod and the foot lever can be connected in a threaded manner or in a plug-in manner. Thus, the probe shaft can be very conveniently mounted or dismounted through the screw thread or the plug connection.

According to another aspect of the invention, there is also provided a vehicle body including the above-described foothold, and the other end of the mounting lever is provided on the vehicle body.

According to the vehicle body, a driver can randomly adjust the pitch angle of the pedal according to the experience habit of the driver, so that the personalized adjustment of the driver is realized, in addition, when the vehicle body is applied to different models of vehicle bodies, pedal manufacturers only need to produce corresponding mounting rods according to the models of the vehicle bodies, so that uniform pedal rods and adjusting bolts can be produced, the standardized production of the pedal rods and the adjusting bolts is realized, the production efficiency is improved, the production cost is reduced, meanwhile, when a certain part on the pedal is damaged and needs to be maintained and replaced, the mounting rods, the pedal rods or the adjusting bolts can be replaced independently, the integral replacement is not needed, and the vehicle body maintenance cost is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a freely adjustable pedal according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the pedal of FIG. 1 in a disassembled configuration;

FIG. 3 is a side view of the free-angling footrest shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the free angle footrest of FIG. 3 taken along the line A-A;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a structure of a mounting lever in the free angle-adjustable footrest shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a foot bar in the step of freely adjusting the angle shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the footrest member in the free-angle footrest shown in FIG. 2.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like, indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

Fig. 1 to 7 schematically show the structure of a free angle-adjustable foothold according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 to 7, a free angle-adjustable pedal includes a pedal lever 1, a mounting lever 2, and an adjusting bolt 3. In addition, the free angle-adjustable foothold may further include a foothold 4 and a probe shaft 5.

Referring to fig. 4 and 6, the foot bar 1 is formed with a through hole 11 along the length direction, and the through hole 11 and the foot bar 1 may be coaxial.

Referring to fig. 2, the left end of the foot bar 1 is formed with an inward concave conical surface 12, the area of the opening of the inward concave conical surface 12 close to the left end of the foot bar 1 is larger than the area of the opening of the inward concave conical surface 12 far away from the left end of the foot bar 1, and the inward concave conical surface 12 and the through hole 11 may be coaxial.

Referring to fig. 4 and 6, a receiving cavity 13 is formed at the left end of the through hole 11, the inner diameter of the receiving cavity 13 is larger than that of the through hole 11, the receiving cavity 13 and the through hole 11 may be coaxial, referring to fig. 4, the receiving cavity 13 is located between the opening at the right end of the concave conical surface 12 and the left end of the through hole 11, and the space of the surrounding wall of the concave conical surface 12, the receiving cavity 13 and the through hole 11 are sequentially communicated.

Referring to fig. 6, since the inner diameter of the receiving chamber 13 is larger than that of the through hole 11, a step 15 is formed at a connection portion of the receiving chamber 13 and the through hole 11.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, a tapered protrusion 21 is formed at one end of the mounting rod 2, and the shape and size of the tapered protrusion 21 are matched with those of the space of the surrounding wall of the concave conical surface 12 on the foot rest 1, that is, the tapered protrusion 21 can be just accommodated in the space of the surrounding wall of the concave conical surface 12, and the tapered protrusion 21 can rotate in the space of the surrounding wall of the concave conical surface 12.

Referring to fig. 2 and 5, the end of the conical protrusion 21 is formed with a convex column 23, the shape and size of the convex column 23 are matched with those of the accommodating cavity 13 on the pedal lever 1, that is, the convex column 23 can be just accommodated in the accommodating cavity 13, and the convex column 23 can rotate in the accommodating cavity 13, the inserting fit of the convex column 23 and the accommodating cavity 13 can improve the overall strength of the pedal, effectively improve the bearing capacity of the pedal lever 1, when the convex column 23 is completely accommodated in the accommodating cavity 13, the end of the convex column 23 just abuts against the step 15, so that the mounting lever 2 can be limited in the axial direction of the pedal lever 1.

Referring to fig. 2, the opening of the concave conical surface 12 near the left end of the pedal rod 1 is circumferentially formed with a circle of clamping groove 16, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 5, the end of the installation rod 2 with the larger cross-sectional area of the conical protrusion 21 is circumferentially formed with a circle of clamping portion 25, when the convex column 23 is completely accommodated in the accommodating cavity 13 and the conical protrusion 21 is completely pressed on the concave conical surface 12, the clamping portion 25 on the installation rod 2 is just accommodated in the clamping groove 16 on the pedal rod 1, so that the convex column 23 can be firmly inserted into the accommodating cavity 13, and the conical protrusion 21 is firmly inserted into the space of the surrounding wall of the concave conical surface 12.

Referring to fig. 5, the mounting rod 2 is formed with a threaded hole 22, the threaded hole 22 is located in the boss 23, and the threaded hole 22 and the boss 23 may be coaxial.

Referring to fig. 1 and 3, a mounting hole 26 is formed on the left end of the mounting rod 2, and the mounting rod 2 can be mounted on the vehicle body through the mounting hole 26, such as: the mounting holes 26 may be screw holes in which bolts are turned and then bolted to the vehicle body, or may be: after the connecting rod passes through the mounting hole 26, the connecting rod is fixed on the automobile body, the specific style of the left end of the mounting rod 2 can be adjusted and set according to the automobile bodies of different models, and the automobile bodies can be motorcycles, electric bicycles, bicycles and the like.

Referring to fig. 2 and 4, the adjusting bolt 3 is screwed into the threaded hole 22 of the mounting rod 2 after passing through the through hole 11 of the foot bar 1, the adjusting bolt 3 assembles the foot bar 1 and the mounting rod 2 together, and unscrews the adjusting bolt 3, when the mounting rod 2 is fixed, the foot bar 1 can be rotated, and when the foot bar 1 rotates to a proper angle, the adjusting bolt 3 is screwed down, so that the conical protrusion 21 on the mounting rod 2 tightly abuts against the concave conical surface 12 on the foot bar 1, and at this time, the foot bar 1 cannot be easily rotated.

Referring to fig. 2 and 6, the end surface of the foot bar 1 near the concave conical surface 12, i.e. the end surface near the mounting bar 2, is formed with scale marks 14, such as: seven scale marks 14 are formed, the included angle between two adjacent scale marks 14 is 30 degrees, referring to fig. 5, a scale indication mark 24 is formed on the mounting rod 2, and the scale indication mark 24 can be but is not limited to a convex point, an indication line, an arrow line and the like; when the mounting rod 2 is fixed, the driver can accurately rotate the foot rest lever 1 according to the scale indication marks 24 on the mounting rod 2, so that the pitch angle of the foot rest can be accurately adjusted.

Referring to fig. 3, the specific style of the left end of the mounting bar 2 can be adaptively adjusted and set according to various models of vehicle bodies.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the foot rest 4 is sleeved on the foot rest lever 1, the foot rest 4 can increase the comfort of the driver, and the foot rest 4 can be made of elastic material, such as rubber.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, in this embodiment, a blocking portion 17 is formed on the end portion of the foot lever 1 close to the concave conical surface 12, that is, the end portion close to the mounting lever 2, the blocking portion 17 is formed by radially extending the end portion of the foot lever 1, one end of the foot lever 4, which is sleeved on the foot lever 1, abuts against the blocking portion 17, the other end of the foot lever 4 wraps the end portion of the foot lever 1, which is far away from the mounting lever 2, when the pitch angles of the foot lever 1 and the foot lever 4 need to be adjusted, the foot lever 4 needs to be taken down from the foot lever 1, the adjusting bolt 3 is exposed, and then, the pressure of the conical protrusion 21 on the mounting lever 2 against the concave conical surface 12 on the foot lever 1 is reduced or increased by turning the adjusting bolt 3. In other embodiments, an opening may be reserved at the other end of the foot pedal 4, and the adjusting bolt 3 may be turned through the opening, so that when the pitch angles of the foot pedal 1 and the foot pedal 4 need to be adjusted, the foot pedal 4 does not need to be taken down from the foot pedal 1, and the adjusting bolt 3 may be directly turned. In other embodiments, the end of the foot bar 1 close to the concave conical surface 12, i.e. close to the mounting bar 2, is formed with a stop 17, the end of the foot bar 1 far from the mounting bar 2 can be formed with a baffle, the through hole 11 penetrates through the baffle, namely, the nut part of the adjusting bolt 3 is exposed, the baffle plate is formed by radially extending the end part of the pedal rod 1, the baffle plate can be screwed on the pedal rod 1, the pedal piece 4 is accommodated between the baffle part 17 and the baffle plate, when the pedal piece 4 is installed, the pedal piece 4 can be firstly sleeved on the pedal rod 1, then turn round the baffle on foot rest lever 1, keep off portion 17 and baffle with the centre gripping of foot rest 4 in the centre, keep off portion 17 and baffle can carry on spacingly to foot rest 4, prevent that foot rest 4 from sliding on foot rest lever 1, when the every single move angle of needs adjustment foot rest lever 1 and foot rest 4, need not to take off foot rest 4 from foot rest lever 1, direct turn round adjusting bolt 3 can.

Referring to FIG. 7, in some embodiments, the footrest member 4 can be formed with anti-slip strips 41, and the anti-slip strips 41 can increase the friction between the driver's foot and the footrest member 4, thereby effectively preventing the driver from slipping when stepping on the footrest member 4.

Referring to fig. 7, in some embodiments, the footrest member 4 can have a plurality of air cells 42 formed therein along the length thereof, and the air cells 42 can improve the flexibility of the footrest member 4 and thus the comfort of the rider.

Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the right end of the foot rest 4 away from the mounting rod 2 is formed with a bevel 42, and when the vehicle body falls, the bevel 42 on the foot rest 4 contacts with the ground surface to reduce the impact force of the ground surface on the foot rest 4, the foot rest 1 and the mounting rod 2, so that the foot rest 4, the foot rest 1 and the mounting rod 2 can be effectively protected.

Referring to fig. 2, a groove a18 and a groove B19 are formed on the pedal lever 1 along the circumferential direction, referring to fig. 2 and 4, a convex strip a43 and a convex strip B44 are formed on the pedal piece 4 along the inner wall circumferential direction in the cavity for being sleeved on the pedal lever 1, the convex strip a43 is matched with the groove a18, the convex strip B44 is matched with the groove B19, when the pedal piece 4 is sleeved on the pedal lever 1, the convex strip a43 on the pedal piece 4 is clamped in the groove a18 on the pedal lever 1, and the convex strip B44 on the pedal piece 4 is clamped in the groove B19 on the pedal lever 1; the clamping fit of the convex strip A43 and the groove A18 and the clamping fit of the convex strip B44 and the groove B19 can ensure that the pedal piece 4 cannot easily move on the pedal rod 1 along the length direction of the pedal rod 1; the cross-section of foot rest lever 1 can set to the non-circular, for example oval, the cross-section that is used for the cavity of cover on foot rest lever 1 on foot rest member 4 also can set to the non-circular, for example oval, the cross-sectional shape that is used for the cavity of cover on foot rest lever 1 on foot rest member 4 and the cross-sectional shape adaptation of foot rest lever 1 ensure that foot rest member 4 can overlap on foot rest lever 1, the cross-section is the non-circular setting and can ensure that foot rest member 4 can not follow foot rest lever 1 circumferential direction easily on foot rest lever 1.

Referring to FIG. 7, the cross-section of the outer periphery of the footrest member 4 can be non-circular, such as oval-like.

Referring to fig. 2 to 4, one end of the probe rod 5 is installed on the foot rest lever 1, a hole for the probe rod 5 to pass through is formed on the foot rest member 4, the installation mode of the probe rod 5 and the foot rest lever 1 can be, but is not limited to, threaded connection or plug connection (interference fit), the connection mode that the probe rod 5 cannot fall off from the foot rest lever 1 can be ensured, and the probe rod 5 needs to be detached before the foot rest member 4 is detached from the foot rest lever 1.

Referring to fig. 4, the probe rods 5 are obliquely arranged on the pedal rod 1, and an included angle a between the probe rods 5 and the axis of the pedal rod 1 is an acute angle, that is, the free end of the probe rod 5 points to the outside, when the vehicle body falls down, the probe rod 5 contacts with the ground first, and under the action of force applied to the probe rod 5 by the ground, the probe rod 5 can drive the pedal to fold and retract, so that the pedal is effectively protected.

Referring to fig. 4, the left end of the mounting rod 1 is mounted on the vehicle body, when the pitch angles of the foot rest lever 1 and the foot rest member 4 need to be adjusted, the probe rod 5 and the foot rest member 4 are firstly taken down, then the adjusting bolt 3 is loosened, the driver can rotate the foot rest lever 1 according to the scale indication mark 24 on the mounting rod 2 and the scale mark 14 on the foot rest lever 1, when the foot rest lever 1 rotates to a proper angle, the adjusting bolt 3 is tightened to ensure that the conical protrusion 21 on the mounting rod 2 tightly presses against the concave conical surface 12 on the foot rest lever 1, at this time, the foot rest lever 1 cannot easily rotate, then the foot rest member 4 and the probe rod 5 are remounted on the foot rest lever 1, thereby completing the adjustment of the pitch angles of the foot rest member 4 and the foot rest lever 1, the driver can randomly adjust the pitch angle of the foot rest according to own experience, and realize the individual adjustment of the driver, in addition, when using on the automobile body of different models, pedal producer only need produce corresponding installation pole 2 according to the model of automobile body, can produce unified pedal pole 1 and adjusting bolt 3, realize pedal pole 1 and adjusting bolt 3's standardized production, improve production efficiency, reduction in production cost, in addition, when the automobile body tumbles, probe pole 5 contacts with ground earlier, probe pole 5 can drive pedal folding packing up, protect effectively the pedal, and simultaneously, when certain position damage on the pedal needs the maintenance to be changed, can change installation pole 2 alone, pedal pole 1 or adjusting bolt 3, need not whole change, the cost of maintenance has been reduced.

A vehicle body, comprising the pedal capable of freely adjusting the angle; the quantity of the pedals can be two, two pedals can be arranged on two sides of the driving position in a folding mode, the quantity of the pedals can also be four, two pedals can be arranged on two sides of the driving position in a folding mode, and the other two pedals can be arranged on two sides of the rear seat in a folding mode.

Referring to fig. 3, the mounting rod 2 may be mounted on a vehicle body through a mounting hole 26, and the specific style of the left end of the mounting rod 2 may be adaptively adjusted and set according to different models of vehicle bodies, such as motorcycles, electric bicycles, and the like.

According to the vehicle body, a driver can randomly adjust the pitch angle of the pedal according to the experience habit of the driver, personalized adjustment of the driver is achieved, in addition, when the vehicle body is applied to vehicle bodies of different models, pedal manufacturers only need to produce the corresponding mounting rod 2 according to the model of the vehicle body, uniform pedal rods 1 and adjusting bolts 3 can be produced, standardized production of the pedal rods 1 and the adjusting bolts 3 is achieved, production efficiency is improved, production cost is reduced, meanwhile, when a certain part on the pedal is damaged and needs to be maintained and replaced, the mounting rod 2, the pedal rods 1 or the adjusting bolts 3 can be replaced independently, integral replacement is not needed, maintenance cost of the vehicle body is reduced, in addition, when the vehicle body falls down, the probe rod 5 can be in contact with the ground firstly, the probe rod 5 can drive the pedal to be folded and retracted, and effective protection is carried out on the pedal.

What has been described above are merely some embodiments of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept thereof, and these changes and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

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