阅读说明：本技术 一种提高番茄果实品质的组合物及其应用 (Composition for improving tomato fruit quality and application thereof ) 是由 高洪波 冀胜鑫 吴晓蕾 宫彬彬 霍瑞肖 李邵 李敬蕊 吕桂云 田婧 周长吉 王万 于 2021-08-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种提高番茄果实品质的组合物及其应用,属于植物栽培技术领域。该组合物包括：γ-氨基丁酸20-30mM,氯化钙6-10mM,乙氧基改性聚三硅氧烷0.05-0.075w％。将其应用于番茄栽培可有效提高番茄果实可溶性固形物、GABA含量、Vc、可溶性蛋白,提高果实产量和品质。(The invention discloses a composition for improving tomato fruit quality and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation. The composition comprises: 20-30mM of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6-10mM of calcium chloride and 0.05-0.075 w% of ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane. When the compound fertilizer is applied to tomato cultivation, the soluble solid content, GABA content, Vc and soluble protein of tomato fruits can be effectively improved, and the yield and quality of the fruits are improved.)

1. Application of gamma-aminobutyric acid in improving tomato fruit quality.

2. A composition for improving the quality of tomato fruit comprising:

20-30mM of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6-10mM of calcium chloride and 0.05-0.075 w% of ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane.

3. The composition for improving the quality of tomato fruits as claimed in claim 2, wherein the composition has a pH of 5.5-6.5.

4. A composition for improving the quality of tomato fruit comprising:

20mM of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 8mM of calcium chloride and 0.05 w% of ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane; the composition had a pH of 6.0.

5. Use of a composition according to any one of claims 2 to 4 for improving the quality of tomato fruit in the preparation of a tomato cultivation nutrient.

6. A method for improving the quality of tomato fruits is characterized in that,

spraying the composition for improving the quality of the tomato fruits, which is disclosed by any one of claims 2 to 4, before the young fruit stage and/or harvest of the tomatoes.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the tomato is further processed to produce a tomato fruit,

the spraying part is a tomato stalk.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein the tomato is further processed to produce a tomato fruit,

the spraying amount of the tomato in the young fruit period is 1-2 mL/ear,

the spraying amount before harvesting is 3-4 mL/ear.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein the tomato is further processed to produce a tomato fruit,

the young fruit period of the tomato is 12-15 days after the flower,

the period before harvesting is 3-7 days before harvesting.

10. The method for improving the quality of the tomato fruits according to claim 6, characterized in that the spraying of the components in the young fruit stage of the tomato is carried out: selecting the environment temperature to be more than or equal to 20 ℃ after 10 am on fine days;

spraying before harvesting: after 9 am on a sunny day, the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a composition for improving tomato fruit quality and application thereof.

Background

The tomato is rich in nutrition and has special flavor, and is one of the main fruits and vegetables in the vegetable market. With the increasing market demand, the tomato planting area is continuously enlarged; however, it is not compatible with the above, the tomato industry is affected by the problems of slow product quality improvement, poor risk resistance, low production efficiency, etc., and is not in line with the development direction of high quality of vegetable industry. At present, the phenomena of heavy yield and light quality are common in the tomato production process, the problems of extensive management and excessive application of water and fertilizer are common, the agricultural cost is increased year by year, and the taste and the nutritional quality are difficult to guarantee.

Therefore, how to improve the quality of tomato fruits while ensuring the yield of tomatoes is an urgent problem to be solved in the field.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention discloses a composition for improving the quality of tomato fruits, which is applied to tomato cultivation and can effectively improve the soluble solid content, GABA content, Vc and soluble protein of tomato fruits and improve the fruit quality.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

application of gamma-aminobutyric acid in improving tomato fruit quality.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is nonprotein amino acid existing in various organisms, and the invention is applied to tomato cultivation, so that the yield is ensured, and the soluble solid matter, GABA content, Vc and soluble protein of the tomato can be effectively improved.

A composition for improving the quality of tomato fruit comprising:

20-30mM of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 6-10mM of calcium chloride and 0.05-0.075 w% of ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane.

According to the invention, the three components are compounded, so that the tomato fruit quality can be further improved.

Preferably, the pH of the composition is 5.5-6.5; the pH value is adjusted to be beneficial to the maximum efficiency of the components after absorption.

A composition for improving the quality of tomato fruit comprising:

20mM of gamma-aminobutyric acid, 8mM of calcium chloride and 0.05 w% of ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane; the composition had a pH of 6.0.

The composition is applied to the preparation of tomato cultivation nutrient.

A method for improving tomato fruit quality comprises spraying the composition at young fruit stage and/or before harvesting.

Preferably, the spray site is a tomato stalk.

The spraying amount of the fruit stalks is less, and the effect of improving the fruit quality is more obvious.

Preferably, the spraying amount of the tomato in the young fruit period is 1-2 mL/ear,

the spraying amount before harvesting is 3-4 mL/ear.

Preferably, the young fruit period of the tomato is 12-15d after the flower,

the period before harvesting is 3-7 days before harvesting.

Preferably, the tomato is sprayed in the young fruit period: selecting the environment temperature to be more than or equal to 20 ℃ after 10 am on fine days;

spraying before harvesting: after 9 am on a sunny day, the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃.

Preferably, a method for improving the quality of tomato fruits, comprising the steps of:

(1) variety selection

Selecting medium and small fruit type varieties with good taste and commodity and strong high yield, such as 'Jingcai No. 6', 'Jingcai 309', 'Fords' and the like;

(2) seeding and seedling raising

Soaking the seeds in warm water of 50-55 deg.C for 15-20min before sowing, soaking the seeds in clear water of 28-30 deg.C for 4-5h, washing, draining water, and air drying.

And (3) dibbling the seeds in a plug tray with 50 or 72 holes and a matrix, and planting the seeds after the seedling ages of 30-40 d.

(3) Post-planting management

Adopting single-trunk or double-trunk pruning mode, and hanging vines by using ropes when the plants are 20-25cm high; branching when the side branches are 5-10 cm; when 3-5 flowers of each ear of flower are open, artificial pollination or bumble bee pollination is carried out.

(4) Management of young fruit stage

Spraying the composition on the carpopodium 12-15 days after the blossom, wherein the dosage of each ear is 1-2 mL; after 10 am in a sunny day, the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, 3-5 young fruits are seated in each cluster, and a sprayer nozzle is aimed at the fruit stalks of the young fruits for spraying, so that the fruit stalks are uniformly sprayed.

(5) Management of fruit set period

And in the fruiting prosperous period, applying 20kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer per mu, and spraying monopotassium phosphate on the leaf surfaces, so that the fruits can be harvested when the color of the fruits turns red completely to be nine-percent ripe.

(6) Pre-harvest management

The composition is sprayed on the fruit stalks 3-7 days before harvesting, and each ear is 3-4 mL. After 9 am in a sunny day, the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃, and the sprayer nozzle is aimed at each fruit stalk for spraying, so that the fruit stalks are uniformly sprayed.

In conclusion, the invention discloses a composition for improving the quality of tomato fruits, which can obviously improve the quality of tomato fruits by mutually matching gamma-aminobutyric acid, chlorination and ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane, and has the advantages of small dosage, low price, simple operation, good effect and suitability for popularization and application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

(1) Variety selection

The tested material is tomato variety 'Jingcai No. 6';

soaking the seeds in warm water of 50-55 deg.C for 15min before sowing, soaking the seeds in clear water of 28-30 deg.C for 4h, washing, draining water, and air drying.

(2) Seeding and seedling raising

And (3) dibbling the seeds into a plug tray with 72 holes and a matrix (the weight ratio of turf to perlite to vermiculite is 1:1: 1).

Transplanting the seedlings to a cultivation groove filled with coconut coir for field planting when the seedlings grow to 4 leaves and one core.

(3) Post-planting management

Adopting Hoagland formula nutrient solution to supply water and fertilizer; adopting single-trunk or double-trunk pruning mode, and hanging vines by using ropes when the plants are 20-25cm high; branching when the side branches are 5-10 cm; when 3-5 flowers of each ear are opened, artificial pollination is carried out.

(4) Management of young fruit stage

Spraying a nutrient on the fruit stalks 12 days after the second panicle flower; after 10 am in a sunny day, the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 20 ℃, 3-5 young fruits are seated in each cluster, and a sprayer nozzle is aimed at the fruit stalks of the young fruits for spraying, so that the fruit stalks are uniformly sprayed.

(5) Management of fruit set period

In the fruiting prosperous period, 20kg of high-potassium compound fertilizer is applied to each mu, and simultaneously, 1000 times of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 40kg of solution are sprayed on the leaf surfaces;

and spraying the nutritional agent for 90 days and then harvesting.

The following experiments were carried out according to the above method:

example 1

Spraying 10-60mM GABA as a nutritional agent on the second ear stems, wherein the spraying amount is 2 mL/ear; meanwhile, clear water Control is set.

After each 20 plants are treated and 90 days after treatment, 6 fruits with consistent sizes and growth are randomly selected in each treatment, the transverse and longitudinal diameters, the single fruit weight, the soluble solid content, the soluble protein and the Vc content of the fruits are measured, the test is repeated for 3 times, and the results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1

Note: the data in each table of the invention are average values of the measured data. The different lower case letters (a, b) in the table indicate significance of difference between treatments, p < 0.05.

The single fruit weight of the tomato is improved to different degrees after GABA is sprayed, wherein when the GABA concentration is 20mM, the single fruit weight is maximal and is obviously higher than that of the control treatment, the soluble solid of the tomato is also maximal, and when the GABA concentration is 30mM, the single fruit weight is also obviously higher than that of the control treatment.

Example 2

At 20mM GABA and different concentrations of CaCl₂The mixture is used as a nutrient to be sprayed on second ear stems, and the spraying amount is 2 mL/ear; 20mM GABA was also used as a Control.

After each 20 plants are treated and 90 days after treatment, 6 fruits with consistent sizes and growth are randomly selected for each treatment, the transverse and longitudinal diameters, the single fruit weight, the soluble solid content, the soluble protein and the Vc content of the fruits are measured, the test is repeated for 3 times, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2

GABA and different concentrations of CaCl₂After compounding, the yield and the quality of the tomato fruits are improved to different degrees. Wherein GABA and 8mM CaCl₂When the composition is compounded, the single fruit weight, soluble solid and soluble protein are obviously higher than those of the control treatment.

Example 3

With 20mM GABA, 8mM CaCl₂And 0-0.1% of ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane are compounded (pH is adjusted to 7.0), and the compound is used as a nutritional agent to be sprayed on the second ear stems, wherein the spraying amount is 2 mL/ear.

After treating 20 plants for 90 days, randomly selecting 6 fruits with consistent sizes and growth, measuring transverse and longitudinal diameters, single fruit weight, soluble solid matter, soluble protein and Vc content of the fruits, and repeating the test for 3 times, wherein the results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

When the addition amount of the ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane is 0.05-0.075 w%, GABA and CaCl can be improved₂The compound nutrient has obviously higher improvement effect on the weight of a single tomato fruit, soluble solid matters and soluble protein than the control treatment.

Example 4

With 20mM GABA +8mM CaCl₂+0.05 w% ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane, adjusting pH to 5.5-8.0, spraying the second ear stem as a nutrient, wherein the spraying amount is 2 mL/ear.

After each 20 plants are treated and 90 days after treatment, 6 fruits with consistent sizes and growth are randomly selected for each treatment, the transverse and longitudinal diameters, the single fruit weight, the soluble solid content, the soluble protein and the Vc content of the fruits are measured, the test is repeated for 3 times, and the results are shown in Table 4.

TABLE 4

The pH value is less than 7.0, so that the effect of the nutrient on improving the weight and quality of a single tomato can be improved; when the pH value is 6.0, the single fruit weight, the content of soluble solid and the content of soluble protein are the highest, and the single fruit weight, the content of soluble solid and the content of soluble protein are both obviously higher than those of control treatment.

Example 5

With 20mM GABA +8mM CaCl₂+0.05 w% ethoxy-modified polytrisiloxaneCompounding, adjusting the pH to 6.0, and performing second ear leaf surface spraying, second ear fruit spraying, root spraying and second ear fruit stalk spraying respectively at 12d after flowering as a nutritional agent; the application amount is 2 mL/ear.

After treating 20 plants for 90 days, randomly selecting 6 fruits with consistent sizes and growth, measuring transverse and longitudinal diameters, single fruit weight, soluble solid matter, soluble protein and Vc content of the fruits, and repeating the test for 3 times, wherein the results are shown in Table 5.

TABLE 5

The influence of different application modes on the weight and the quality of the single tomato is inconsistent; the tomato treated by spraying the fruit stalks has the highest single fruit weight, soluble solid, soluble protein and Vc, and the weight and the soluble solid, the soluble protein and the Vc are all obviously higher than those of other treatments.

Example 6

With 20mM GABA +8mM CaCl₂+0.05 w% of ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane for compounding, adjusting the pH to 6.0, and performing second ear leaf surface spraying, second ear fruit spraying, root spraying and second ear fruit stalk spraying respectively at 9-18 days after the flowers as a nutritional agent; the application amount is 2 mL/ear.

After 90 days after flowering, 6 fruits with consistent sizes and growth are randomly selected for each treatment of 20 plants, the transverse and longitudinal diameters, the single fruit weight, the soluble solid content, the soluble protein and the Vc content of the fruits are measured, and the test is repeated for 3 times, wherein the results are shown in Table 6.

TABLE 6

The influence effect difference of different application time in the young fruit period on the weight and the quality of the single tomato is obvious; the indexes of the tomato treated by spraying the fruit stalks 12-15 days after the flowers bloom, such as the single fruit weight, the soluble solid and the like, are obviously higher than those of the control and other treatments.

Example 7

With 20mM GABA +8mM CaCl₂+0.05 w% ethoxy modified polytriasiloxane, adjusting pH to 6.0, and respectively spraying on the leaf surface of the second cluster, spraying on the fruit of the second cluster, applying roots and spraying on the fruit stalk of the second cluster as a nutritional agent; the application amount is 4 mL/ear.

The spraying of the nutrient is carried out 6 days before harvesting (no nutrient is sprayed in the young fruit period), and is carried out when the environmental temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃ after 9 am in sunny days.

After treating 20 plants, 6 days after treatment, 6 fruits with consistent size and growth are randomly selected for each treatment, the content of soluble solids, soluble protein, Vc and GABA is determined, and the test is repeated for 3 times, and the result is shown in Table 7.

TABLE 7

The effects of different application modes on tomato quality are inconsistent; the tomato treated by spraying the carpopodium has the highest content of soluble solid, soluble protein, Vc and GABA, and is obviously higher than other treatments.

Example 8

With 20mM GABA +8mM CaCl₂+0.05 w% ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane for compounding, adjusting pH to 6.0, and spraying second ear stems (no spraying of nutritional agent in young fruit stage) as nutritional agent 1-7 days before harvesting; the application amount is 4 mL/ear.

The nutrient is sprayed at 9 am in fine days and the environmental temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃.

Every 20 plants were treated, 6 fruits with uniform size and growth were randomly selected for each treatment during harvest, the soluble solids, soluble protein, Vc, GABA content were determined, and the test was repeated 3 times, with the results shown in Table 8.

TABLE 8

The influence of tomato quality in different spraying time before picking is obvious; the tomato fruit sprayed with the carpopodium in the 6 days before picking has the highest content of soluble protein, Vc and GABA, and is obviously higher than other treatments. The soluble solid of the tomato fruit sprayed with the fruit stalk for treatment in 3 days before picking is the highest.

Example 9

With 20mM GABA +8mM CaCl₂+0.05 w% ethoxy modified polytrisiloxane for compounding, adjusting pH to 6.0, as a nutritional agent, spraying a second ear and stalk (the application amount is 4mL) 15d after flowers (the application amount is 2mL) and 6d before harvest. Spraying (Control1) only 15 days after flowering and spraying (Control2) only 6 days before harvesting are used as controls.

The nutrient is sprayed at 9 am in fine days and the environmental temperature is more than or equal to 23 ℃.

Every 20 plants were treated, 6 fruits with uniform size and growth were randomly selected for each treatment during harvest, the soluble solids, soluble protein, Vc, GABA content were determined, and the test was repeated 3 times, with the results shown in Table 9.

TABLE 9

Compared with single spraying, the overlapping spraying before picking and in the young fruit period can not only improve the single fruit weight of the tomato, but also improve the content of soluble solids, soluble protein, Vc and GABA of the tomato.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.