阅读说明：本技术 一种测量变桨矩螺旋桨气动力性能的试验台 (Test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of variable pitch propeller ) 是由 徐�明 刘博宇 崔晓宇 傅冰 高琦 赵长辉 于 2021-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及空气动力螺旋桨测试领域,公开了一种测量变桨矩螺旋桨气动力性能的试验台,所述试验台包括电机、拉力扭矩天平、传动轴、变桨矩天平；所述拉力扭矩天平包括拉力扭矩天平本体,所述拉力扭矩天平本体的顶部水平设置拉力梁,所述拉力扭矩天平本体的下部竖直设置第一扭矩梁；所述变桨矩天平包括变桨矩天平本体,所述变桨矩天平本体上设置桨叶连接板,所述桨叶连接板与变桨矩天平本体间水平设置第二扭矩梁；所述拉力梁、第一扭矩梁、第二扭矩梁上均设置应变片；所述拉力扭矩天平本体中部设置与所述传动轴连接的通孔。本发明解决了测量台只能分别测量定桨矩螺旋桨的推进力和扭矩,无法同时测量扭矩和推进力,也不能测量单叶桨片在不同桨矩下的扭矩的问题。(The invention relates to the field of aerodynamic propeller testing, and discloses a test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller, which comprises a motor, a tension torque balance, a transmission shaft and a variable pitch balance; the tension torque balance comprises a tension torque balance body, a tension beam is horizontally arranged at the top of the tension torque balance body, and a first torque beam is vertically arranged at the lower part of the tension torque balance body; the variable pitch balance comprises a variable pitch balance body, a paddle connecting plate is arranged on the variable pitch balance body, and a second torque beam is horizontally arranged between the paddle connecting plate and the variable pitch balance body; strain gauges are arranged on the tension beam, the first torque beam and the second torque beam; and the middle part of the tension torque balance body is provided with a through hole connected with the transmission shaft. The invention solves the problems that the measuring table can only respectively measure the propelling force and the torque of the fixed pitch propeller, cannot simultaneously measure the torque and the propelling force, and cannot measure the torques of single-blade propellers under different pitches.)

1. A test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller is characterized by comprising a motor (2), a tension torque balance (5), a transmission shaft (6) and a variable pitch balance (10);

the tension torque balance (5) comprises a tension torque balance body (12), a tension beam (15) is horizontally arranged at the top of the tension torque balance body (12), and a first torque beam (16) is vertically arranged at the lower part of the tension torque balance body (12);

the variable pitch balance (10) comprises a variable pitch balance body (17), a blade flange (18) is arranged on the variable pitch balance body (17), and a second torque beam (13) is horizontally arranged between the blade flange (18) and the variable pitch balance body (17);

strain gauges are arranged on the tension beam (15), the first torque beam (16) and the second torque beam (13);

a through hole connected with the transmission shaft (6) is formed in the middle of the tension torque balance body (12), and one end of the transmission shaft (6) penetrates through the through hole and then is connected with the output end of the motor (2); the other end of the transmission shaft (6) is connected with the variable-pitch balance (10);

one end of the tension torque balance body (12) provided with the tension beam (15) is connected with the motor (2).

2. Test bench for measuring aerodynamic performance of variable pitch propellers according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade flange (18) is provided with attachment holes for attachment of the blades (11), into which the tips of the blades (11) are inserted.

3. The test bench for measuring aerodynamic performance of the variable pitch propeller according to claim 1 is characterized in that 3 groups of blade flanges (18) are symmetrically arranged on the variable pitch balance body (17).

4. Test bench for measuring the aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a support (1); the lower end face of the tension torque balance (5) is fixed on a partition plate in the middle of the bracket (1); the upper end surface of the tension torque balance (5) is fixed on an upper clapboard of the bracket (1) through a cover plate (7).

5. Test bench for measuring aerodynamic performance of variable pitch propellers according to claim 4, characterized in that the cover plate (7) is bolted to the bracket (1).

6. Test bench for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller according to claim 5, characterized in that the drive shaft (6) is mounted on a through hole of the tension torque balance (5) by means of a bearing.

7. Test bench for measuring aerodynamic performance of variable pitch propellers according to claim 6, characterized in that the lower end of the drive shaft (6) is connected to the output shaft of the motor (2) through a coupling (4).

8. Test bench for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller according to claim 7, characterized in that the upper end of the drive shaft (6) is in threaded connection with a balance flange (9), and the balance flange (9) is in connection with a variable pitch balance (10).

9. Test bench for measuring aerodynamic performance of pitch propellers according to claim 7, characterized in that the pitch balance (10) is equipped with an angle block (19).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of aerodynamic propeller testing, in particular to a test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller.

Background

A propeller is a device that converts the rotational power of an engine into propulsive or lifting force by means of the rotation of blades in the air. The propeller continuously pushes a large amount of air backwards or downwards when rotating, and forward or upward force, namely propelling force, is generated on the blades by utilizing the reaction force of the air on the propeller. Propellers are widely used in piston and turboprop engines for subsonic aircraft, in rotors and empennages for helicopters, and in rotor propellers for unmanned aerial vehicles. In order to obtain the aerodynamic performance characteristics of the propeller, the performance of the propeller needs to be tested.

The conventional measuring table can only measure the propelling force and the torque of the fixed pitch propeller respectively, cannot measure the torque and the propelling force simultaneously, and cannot measure the torque of a single-blade propeller under different pitches.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller, aiming at solving the problems that a measuring bed in the prior art can only measure the propelling force and the torque of a fixed pitch propeller, cannot measure the torque and the propelling force simultaneously, and cannot measure the torques of single-blade blades under different pitches.

The invention adopts the specific scheme that: a test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller comprises a motor, a tension torque balance, a transmission shaft and a variable pitch balance;

the tension torque balance comprises a tension torque balance body, a tension beam is horizontally arranged at the top of the tension torque balance body, and a first torque beam is vertically arranged at the lower part of the tension torque balance body;

the variable pitch balance comprises a variable pitch balance body, a blade flange is arranged on the variable pitch balance body, and a second torque beam is horizontally arranged between the blade flange and the variable pitch balance body;

strain gauges are arranged on the tension beam, the first torque beam and the second torque beam;

the middle part of the tension torque balance body is provided with a through hole connected with the transmission shaft, and one end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the through hole and then is connected with the output end of the motor; the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the variable-pitch balance;

and one end of the tension torque balance body, which is provided with the tension beam, is connected with the motor.

The blade flange is provided with a connecting hole connected with the blade, and the tail end of the blade is inserted into the connecting hole.

And 3 groups of blade flanges are symmetrically arranged on the variable pitch balance body.

The test bed comprises a bracket; the lower end face of the tension torque balance is fixed on a partition plate in the middle of the bracket; the upper end surface is fixed on the upper clapboard of the bracket through the cover plate.

The cover plate is connected with the bracket through bolts.

The transmission shaft is arranged on a through hole of the tension torque balance through a bearing.

The lower end of the transmission shaft is connected with the output shaft of the motor through a coupler.

The upper end of the transmission shaft is in threaded connection with a balance flange, and the balance flange is connected with a variable-pitch balance.

And the variable-pitch balance is provided with a variable-angle block.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the invention, through the mutual synergistic action of the variable pitch balance and the tension torque balance, the tension beam is horizontally arranged at the top of the tension torque balance, the first torque beam is vertically arranged at the lower part of the tension torque balance body, the second torque beam is horizontally arranged between the blade flange and the variable pitch balance body, and the strain gauges are arranged on the tension beam, the first torque beam and the second torque beam, so that the invention can accurately detect the tension and the torque which are born by the blades of the aircraft during rotation and the torque of the single blade under different pitches, solves the problems that a measuring table can only measure the propelling force and the torque of the fixed pitch propeller respectively, cannot measure the torque and the propelling force simultaneously, and cannot measure the torque of the single blade under different pitches, and can accurately complete the measurement of the aerodynamic characteristics of the whole blades and the single blades of the aircraft.

2. According to the invention, the two bearings are arranged in the inner hole of the tension torque balance to support the transmission shaft, and the integral tension of the paddle is transmitted to the tension element of the tension torque balance through the bearings, so that the installation is more convenient and the measurement is more accurate.

3. The tension torque balance torque element is connected with the motor, the integral torque of the paddle is obtained by measuring the reaction torque of the motor, the integral structure is compact, and the requirements of simultaneously measuring the propelling force and the torque of the fixed-pitch propeller are met.

4. The variable pitch balance can adjust the pitch of each blade and the torque of the single blade under different pitches, so that the variable pitch propeller is more reliable and has stronger environmental applicability and practicability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a variable pitch balance;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection between the variable pitch balance body and the blade;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a tension torque balance;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the tension torque balance;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection of a blade and a variable angle block;

fig. 7 is a sectional view taken along line a-a of fig. 3.

Wherein the reference numerals are respectively:

1-a scaffold; 2, a motor; 3-a motor flange; 4-a coupler; 5-tension torque balance; 6-a transmission shaft; 7-cover plate; 8-a slip ring; 9-balance flange; 10-variable pitch balance; 11-a paddle; 12-a tension torque balance body; 13-a second torsion beam; 14-a variable angle block; 15-a tension beam; 16-a first torque beam; 17-a variable pitch balance body; 18-a blade flange; 20-propeller axis.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

A test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller comprises a motor 2, a tension torque balance 5, a transmission shaft 6 and a variable pitch balance 10; the tension torque balance 5 comprises a tension torque balance body 12, a tension beam 15 is horizontally arranged at the top of the tension torque balance body 12, and a first torque beam 16 is vertically arranged at the lower part of the tension torque balance body 12; the variable pitch balance 10 comprises a variable pitch balance body 17, a blade flange 18 is arranged on the variable pitch balance body 17, and a second torque beam 13 is horizontally arranged between the blade flange 18 and the variable pitch balance body 17; strain gauges are arranged on the tension beam 15, the first torque beam 16 and the second torque beam 13; a through hole connected with the transmission shaft 6 is formed in the middle of the tension torque balance body 12, and one end of the transmission shaft 6 penetrates through the through hole and then is connected with the output end of the motor 2; the other end of the transmission shaft 6 is connected with the variable-pitch balance 10; one end of the tension torque balance body 12, which is provided with the tension beam 15, is connected with the motor 2.

The blade flange 18 is provided with a connecting hole connected with the blade 11, and the tail end of the blade 11 is inserted into the connecting hole. The blade flange is a flange.

3 groups of blade flanges 18 are symmetrically arranged on the variable pitch balance body 17.

The test bed comprises a bracket 1; the lower end face of the tension torque balance 5 is fixed on a partition plate in the middle of the bracket 1; the upper end surface is fixed on the upper clapboard of the bracket 1 through a cover plate 7.

The cover plate 7 is connected with the bracket 1 through bolts.

The transmission shaft 6 is arranged on a through hole of the tension torque balance 5 through a bearing.

The lower end of the transmission shaft 6 is connected with the output shaft of the motor 2 through a coupler 4.

The upper end of the transmission shaft 6 is in threaded connection with a balance flange 9, and the balance flange 9 is connected with a variable-pitch balance 10.

The variable pitch balance 10 is provided with a variable angle block 14; the paddle shaft of the paddle is provided with a groove, and the corner block is matched with the groove to adjust the pitch angle of the paddle shaft.

Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the angle changing principle of the angle changing block 14 is as follows: the paddle shaft is matched with the variable pitch balance through the shaft hole and is fastened and connected with the front end flange through 6 screws of the paddle shaft flange and the variable pitch balance. The paddle shaft 20 is provided with a groove, the paddle moment angle-changing block is placed in the groove of the paddle shaft, and two ends of the angle-changing block are connected with a connecting flange at the front end of the angle-changing balance through screws. The variable angle block positioning surface compresses the inclined surface of the paddle shaft groove, so that the paddle shaft pitch angle can be controlled through the variable angle block positioning surface. The angle changing block has various angles, and each angle is processed by one piece. Such as + -5 degrees, + -10 degrees, + -15 degrees, + -20 degrees, etc.

Example 1

A test bed for measuring aerodynamic performance of a variable pitch propeller comprises a motor, a tension torque balance, a transmission shaft and a variable pitch balance; the tension torque balance comprises a tension torque balance body, a tension beam is horizontally arranged at the top of the tension torque balance body, and a first torque beam is vertically arranged at the lower part of the tension torque balance body; the variable pitch balance comprises a variable pitch balance body, a blade flange is arranged on the variable pitch balance body, and a second torque beam is horizontally arranged between the blade flange and the variable pitch balance body; strain gauges are arranged on the tension beam, the first torque beam and the second torque beam; the middle part of the tension torque balance body is provided with a through hole connected with the transmission shaft, and one end of the transmission shaft penetrates through the through hole and then is connected with the output end of the motor; the other end of the transmission shaft is connected with the variable-pitch balance; and one end of the tension torque balance body, which is provided with the tension beam, is connected with the motor.

1) The tension torque balance has the height of 580mm and the outer diameter of 300mm, the design load tension is 1500N, and the torque is 150 Nm. The tension elements are 16 pieces, 8 pieces are arranged at the upper end of the balance, and 8 pieces are arranged at the lower end of the balance. The torque element was arranged with 8 plates at the lowermost end of the balance.

2) The upper end part of the transmission shaft is provided with a variable pitch balance, the variable pitch balance is 160mm high and 200mm in diameter, and the variable pitch balance is three-amplitude type, and the load of each balance is designed to be 5 Nm. The variable pitch balance is provided with a plurality of angle variable blocks, and the angle change of each blade around the rotating shaft of the blade can be realized by 0 degree, +/-5 degrees and +/-10 degrees.

3) The motor power is 55Kw, the rated rotating speed is 6000 rpm, and the rated torque is 150 Nm.

4) The design load of the tension torque balance is normal force 1500N and torque 150 Nm.

The tension beam consists of 8 cross beams, and 8 strain gauges are adhered to the tension beam to form a Wheatstone bridge; the first torque beam is composed of 8 vertical beams, and 8 strain gauges are adhered to the torque beam to form a Wheatstone bridge.

The tension torque balance is provided with 8 strain gauges attached to the tension beam to form the integral tension of the electric bridge side propeller, and 8 strain gauges attached to the torque beam to form the integral torque of the electric bridge side propeller.

The variable pitch balance is a three-spoke balance which can be respectively connected with the blades, and the pitch of each blade is controlled through the variable angle block. 4 strain gauges are attached to each balance on each spoke to form a Wheatstone bridge, and the torque of each blade is measured.

Firstly, calibrating the linear relation among the pulling force, the torque and the output voltage of the electric bridge before the test, and obtaining the integral pulling force and the torque of the aircraft blade by the output voltage of the electric bridge during the test. When the propeller rotates, a variable pitch balance signal is transmitted to the acquisition equipment through the wired slip ring, the fixed end of the slip ring is installed on the upper table surface of the steel frame, and the output end of the slip ring is connected with the rotating shaft.

During testing, the aerodynamic force generated by the rotation of the paddle is transmitted to the transmission shaft through the variable-pitch balance, and the transmission shaft is arranged on an inner hole of the tension torque balance through two bearings. The blade tension is transmitted by the bearings to 8 beams arranged transversely to the cross beam of the tension torque balance. The paddle torque coupling is transmitted to the motor output shaft, and the motor output torque and the paddle torque are balanced mutually. The motor flange is fixed on the tension torque balance torsion element flange, and the reaction torque on the motor flange is transmitted to the torque element.