阅读说明：本技术 用于处理烟草的方法和系统 (Method and system for treating tobacco ) 是由 D.昆迪德 A.奥托 D.利克费尔德 J.马尔兹 D.米勒 于 2020-03-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于处理烟草的方法,该方法包括以下步骤：提供具有至少一个入口和至少一个出口并且包括具有多个螺纹的螺旋形状的第一管；提供第一马达,从而产生振动；将这些振动传递到该第一管；将具有第一水分含量的一定量的烟草插入到该第一管的入口中；提供在从该入口到该出口的方向上通过该第一管的第一空气流；通过被传递到该第一管的这些振动并且通过该第一空气流将该第一管内的该一定量的烟草朝向该第一管的出口运送；在该第一管的出口处取出该烟草,该烟草具有低于该第一水分含量的第二水分含量。(The invention relates to a method for treating tobacco, comprising the following steps: providing a first tube having at least one inlet and at least one outlet and comprising a helical shape having a plurality of threads; providing a first motor to generate vibration; transmitting the vibrations to the first tube; inserting a quantity of tobacco having a first moisture content into the inlet of the first tube; providing a first air flow through the first tube in a direction from the inlet to the outlet; conveying the quantity of tobacco within the first tube towards the outlet of the first tube by the vibrations transferred to the first tube and by the first air flow; removing the tobacco at the outlet of the first tube, the tobacco having a second moisture content that is lower than the first moisture content.)

1. A method (100) for treating tobacco (1),

the method (100) comprises the steps of:

(101) providing a first tube (20) having at least one inlet (21) and at least one outlet (22) and comprising a helical shape having a plurality of threads (23a-h),

(102) providing a first motor (50) to generate vibrations,

(103) transmitting the vibrations to the first tube (20),

(104) inserting a quantity of tobacco (1) having a first moisture content (w1) into an inlet (21) of the first tube (20),

(105) providing a first air flow (60) through the first tube (20) in a direction from the inlet (21) to the outlet (22),

(106) conveying a quantity of tobacco (1) within the first tube (20) towards the outlet (22) of the first tube (20) by the vibrations transmitted to the first tube (20) and by the first air flow (60),

(107) withdrawing the tobacco (1) at the outlet (22) of the first tube (20), the tobacco (1) having a second moisture content (w2) which is lower than the first moisture content (w 1).

2. The method (100) of claim 1,

wherein the first tube (20) comprises an inner diameter (20D) and an intermediate axis (24) having an overall length (24L) from the inlet (21) to the outlet (22), wherein the relationship between the overall length (24L) of the intermediate axis (24) and the inner diameter (20D) of the first tube (20) is in the range of 100 to 140, preferably between 120 and 130.

3. The method (100) according to any one of claims 1 or 2,

wherein the first tube (20) comprises between 5 and 10 threads (23a-h), preferably 8 threads (23 a-h).

4. The method (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3,

wherein each of these threads (23a-h) is arranged in contact with one or both of the other threads (23 a-h).

5. The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,

the method (100) further comprises the steps of:

(103b) a heating device (70) is provided and the temperature (T) of at least a first section (25a) of the wall (25) of the first tube (20) is controlled by applying the heating device (70).

6. The method (100) of claim 5,

wherein the first tube (20) is a metal tube and the heating device (70) is a resistance heating device, wherein an electric current is applied to at least a first section (25a) of a wall (25) of the first tube (20).

7. The method (100) according to any one of claims 5 or 6,

wherein the first tube (20) comprises a plurality of sections (25a, 25b, 25c) arranged in sequence about a middle axis (24) of the first tube (20), wherein the temperature (T25a, T25b, T25c) of the wall (25) of each of the sections (25a, 25b, 25c) is controlled individually.

8. The method (100) of claim 7,

wherein the wall (25) of the first tube (20) comprises a first section (25a), a second section (25b) and a third section (25c) arranged in sequence with respect to the middle axis (24) of the first tube (20), wherein the temperature (T25a) of the wall (25) of the first section (25a) is equal to the temperature (T25b) of the wall (25) of the second section (25b), and wherein the temperature (T25b) of the wall (25) of the second section (25b) is higher than the temperature (25c) of the wall (25) of the third section (25 c).

9. The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,

the method (100) further comprises the steps of:

(103c) at least one supply port (80a-h) provided between the inlet (21) and the outlet (22) of the first tube (20) for supplying fresh air to the inner side (26) of the first tube (20).

10. The method (100) of claim 9,

the method (100) further comprises the steps of:

(103d) at least one exhaust port (81a-h) for discharging vaporized water and/or air is provided between the inlet (21) and the outlet (22) of the first pipe (20).

11. The method (100) of claim 10,

wherein each of the threads (23a-h) of the first pipe (20) comprises a single supply port (80a-h) and/or a single exhaust port (81 a-h).

12. The method (100) according to any one of claims 10 or 11,

the method (100) further comprises the steps of:

(108) the discharged air is combusted.

13. The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,

wherein the first motor (50) comprises a middle axis (51),

wherein the middle axis (51) of the first motor (50) and the middle axis (24) of the first tube (20) are arranged at the inlet (21) of the first tube (20) towards each other at a mounting angle (52),

wherein the mounting angle (52), rotational speed and/or unbalance of the motor (50) are adjustable within predetermined ranges.

14. The method (100) according to any one of the preceding claims,

the method (100) further comprises the steps of:

(109) providing a second tube (30) having at least one inlet (31) and at least one outlet (32),

(110) providing a second motor (90) to generate vibrations,

(111) transmitting the vibrations generated by the second motor (90) to the second duct (30), (112) providing a second air flow (61) through the second duct (30) starting from the inlet (31) of the second duct (30),

(113) connecting the first tube (20) and the second tube (30) in series,

(114) inserting tobacco (1) from the outlet (22) of the first tube (20) and having the second moisture content (w2) into the inlet (31) of the second tube (30),

(115) supplying water to the tobacco (1) at a position (P1) before the inlet (31) of the second tube (30) and/or at a position (P2) between the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) of the second tube (30),

(116) conveying the tobacco (1) inside the second tube (30) towards an outlet (31) of the second tube (30),

(117) withdrawing the tobacco (1) at the outlet (32) of the second tube (30), the tobacco (1) having a third moisture content (w3) which is lower than the first moisture content (w1) and higher than the second moisture content (w 2).

15. A system (S) for treating tobacco (1),

the method comprises the following steps:

a first pipe (20) and a second pipe (30), each pipe having at least one inlet (21, 31) and at least one outlet (22, 32) and comprising a helical shape with a plurality of threads (23 a-h; 33a-h), wherein the first pipe (20) and the second pipe (30) are connected in series,

a first motor (50) and a second motor (90), each motor generating vibrations, wherein the vibrations generated by the first motor (50) are transmittable to the first pipe (20), and wherein the vibrations generated by the second motor (90) are transmittable to the second pipe (30),

a first air flow (60) through the first duct (20) and a second air flow (61) through the second duct (30), each starting from an inlet (21, 31) of the first duct (20) or of the second duct (30),

a heating device (70) for controlling the temperature (T) of at least a first section (25a) of the wall (25) of the first tube (20) and/or the second tube (30),

wherein a quantity of tobacco (1) can be conveyed through the first tube (20) and the second tube (30) in succession,

at least one supply port (80a-h) between an inlet (21) and an outlet (22) of the first tube (20) and/or between an inlet (31) and an outlet (32) of the second tube (30) for supplying fresh air to the inner side (26) of the first tube (20) or the second tube (30),

at least one exhaust port (81a-h) between the inlet (21) and the outlet (22) of the first pipe (20) and/or between the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) of the second pipe (30) for discharging vaporized water and/or air,

a water source (62) delivering water to the tobacco (1) at a position (P1) before the inlet (31) of the second tube (30) and/or at a position (P2) between the inlet (31) and the outlet (32) of the second tube (30).

A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the condition wherein the wall of the first tube comprises a first section, a second section and a third section arranged in sequence about the middle axis of the first tube, wherein the temperature of the wall of the first section is equal to the temperature of the wall of the second section, and wherein the temperature of the wall of the second section is higher than the temperature of the wall of the third section.

If the three sections have the same length, each length is equal to one third of the length of the middle axis of the tube. Reducing the temperature at the end of the first tube helps to maintain the structure of the desired flavourant and thereby helps to maintain the desired flavour within the tobacco. For example, the temperature of the wall of the first section and the temperature of the wall of the second section are both adjusted to 513.15K, and the temperature of the wall of the third section is adjusted to 510.15K.

Another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the step of providing at least one supply port between the inlet and the outlet of the first tube for supplying fresh air into the first tube. Thereby, fresh air with a high water binding capacity can be delivered to the inside of the first tube via the supply port, thereby increasing the drying speed of the tobacco. The fresh air delivered into the inside of the first tube via the supply port may be air or air with additional components such as flavour.

Another preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention comprises the following step of providing at least one exhaust port between the inlet and the outlet of the first tube for discharging vaporized water and/or air. Thereby, the moisture of the air in the first tube may be reduced, and the water binding capacity of the air in the first tube may be increased. In addition, unpleasant odors are also removed from the tobacco.

Preferably, if a single supply port and a single exhaust port are provided, the exhaust port is arranged between the inlet and the supply port in a direction along the middle axis of the first tube.

Preferred embodiments include that each of the threads of the first pipe includes a single supply port and/or a single exhaust port. In this case, it is preferable that the first exhaust port is arranged between the inlet and the first supply port in a direction along the middle axis of the first pipe, and all exhaust ports and all supply ports are arranged in an alternating manner.

Preferably, tobacco cannot pass through the supply ports and cannot pass through the exhaust ports.

The method may include the step of combusting the discharged air. Energy derived from said steps may be fed back into the method and used to heat the air stream at a location before the inlet of the first tube. In addition, bad smells are removed from the discharged air through the steps.

According to a preferred embodiment, the first motor comprises a middle axis, wherein the middle axis of the first motor and the middle axis of the first pipe at the inlet of the first pipe are arranged towards each other at a mounting angle, wherein the mounting angle, the rotational speed and/or the unbalance of the motor are adjustable within a range. The parameters are adapted to influence, for example, the frequency and/or amplitude of the vibrations. These vibrations can be eliminated, if necessary, by switching off the motor according to a predetermined time scheme. Thereby, the need for many different types of tobacco can be fulfilled.

According to preferred parameters, the mounting angle is adjustable in a range between 10 ° and 30 °, the rotation speed is adjustable in a range between 400rpm and 1000rpm, and/or the unbalance of the motor is adjustable in a range of 0% to 100%. By way of example, the mounting angle is adjusted to 22 °, the rotational speed is adjusted to 740rpm, and/or the unbalance of the motor is adjusted to 75%.

It is known that drying tobacco to a specific moisture content helps to remove all unpleasant odours from the tobacco. However, for further processing of the tobacco, it is sometimes necessary to subsequently increase the moisture content of the tobacco again, thereby reducing the risk of degradation of the tobacco.

Thus, a preferred embodiment of the method is proposed, wherein the method further comprises the steps of:

providing a second tube having at least one inlet and at least one outlet,

providing a second motor, thereby generating vibrations,

transmitting the vibrations generated by the second motor to the second pipe,

providing a second air flow through the second duct starting at the inlet of the second duct,

the first tube and the second tube are connected in series,

inserting tobacco from the outlet of the first tube and having the second moisture content into the inlet of the second tube,

water is provided to the tobacco at a location prior to the inlet of the second tube and/or at a location between the inlet and the outlet of the second tube,

conveying tobacco within the second tube towards the outlet of the second tube,

tobacco is withdrawn at the outlet of the second tube, the tobacco having a third moisture content that is lower than the first moisture content and higher than the second moisture content.

It is assumed that the second tube may comprise at least one feature as described above in relation to the first tube. The first tube and the second tube may be, for example, the same or different with respect to at least one of their dimensions. The parameters chosen for the second tube, such as motor speed or air flow rate, may be the same or different than the parameters chosen for the first tube.

The first tube and the second tube may be arranged above each other with respect to the global height direction, most preferably the second tube is arranged above the first tube. In addition to this, it is preferred that at least one, preferably both, of the first and second tubes are arranged such that their virtual roll axes are arranged parallel to the global height direction. The virtual roll axis of the first tube may be parallel to the virtual roll axis of the second tube and may be arranged at a distance around the axis towards the virtual roll axis of the second tube. Alternatively, the virtual roll axis of the first tube may be aligned with the virtual roll axis of the second tube.

In order to easily connect the two pipes, it is preferable that a connection pipe or a connection hose is disposed between the outlet of the first pipe and the inlet of the second pipe.

The object is also achieved by a system for treating tobacco,

the system comprises:

a first tube and a second tube, each tube having at least one inlet and at least one outlet and comprising a helical shape having a plurality of threads, wherein the first tube and the second tube are connected in series,

a first motor and a second motor, each motor generating vibration, wherein the vibration generated by the first motor is transmittable to the first pipe, and wherein the vibration generated by the second motor is transmittable to the second pipe,

a first air flow through the first duct and a second air flow through the second duct, each air flow starting at the inlet of the first duct or the second duct,

a heating device for controlling the temperature of at least one section of the wall of the first tube,

wherein a quantity of tobacco is capable of being transported through the first tube and the second tube in sequence,

at least one supply port between the inlet and the outlet of the first duct for supplying fresh air to the inside of the first duct,

at least one exhaust port between the inlet and the outlet of the first tube for discharging vaporized water and/or air,

a water source that delivers water to the tobacco at a location prior to the inlet of the second tube and/or at a location between the inlet and the outlet of the second tube.

For all preferred embodiments of the method as described herein, one or more of the features as described with respect to the system may be used. For all preferred embodiments of the system as described herein, one or more of the features as described in relation to the method may be used.

Other advantages, objects and features of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from the practice of the invention. In the drawings, similar components in different embodiments may present the same reference numerals.

The figures show:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a preferred embodiment of a method according to the present invention;

FIG. 2a is a schematic view of a first system used within the method according to the invention;

FIG. 2b is a schematic view of a second system for use in the method according to the invention;

FIG. 3a is a cross-sectional view of the first tube according to FIG. 2;

FIG. 3b is a front view of a linear tube for making a helical tube;

figure 3c is a representation of temperature control along the length of the medial axis of the first tube.

Fig. 1 shows an overview of a preferred embodiment of a method 100 for treating tobacco 1 according to the invention. Fig. 2a shows a preferred embodiment of the first tube 20.

The method 100 comprises the steps of:

(101) a first tube 20 is provided having at least one inlet 21 and at least one outlet 22 and comprising a helical shape with a plurality of threads 23a-h,

(102) a first motor 50 is provided, thereby generating vibrations,

(103) the vibration is transmitted to the first tube 20,

(104) a quantity of tobacco 1 having a first moisture content w1 is inserted into the inlet 21 of the first tube 20,

(105) a first air flow 60 is provided through the first duct 20 in the direction from the inlet 21 to the outlet 22,

(106) by the vibrations transmitted to the first tube 20 and by the first air flow 60 the quantity of tobacco 1 inside the first tube 20 is conveyed towards the outlet 22 of the first tube 20,

(107) tobacco 1 is withdrawn at the outlet 22 of the first tube 20, the tobacco 1 having a second moisture content w2 which is lower than the first moisture content w 1.

Fig. 2a shows that the first duct 20 comprises one single inlet 21 at the first front surface of the first duct 20 and one single outlet 22 at the second front surface of the first duct 20. In addition to this, the first tube 20 is free of any other inlet and outlet. The tobacco 1 can enter and/or exit the first tube 20 only through the inlet 21 or the outlet 22.

Fig. 3a shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the first tube 20 (see section a as marked in fig. 2 a). It is shown that the first tube 20 includes an inner diameter 20D1 and an intermediate axis 24. Further, the first tube 20 also includes an outer diameter 20D2, wherein a difference between the outer diameter 20D2 of the first tube 20 and the inner diameter 20D1 of the first tube 20 is equal to the wall thickness t of the first tube 20. In this case, the first tube 20 comprises a generally constant wall thickness t. Fig. 3a also shows the inner side 26 of the first tube, which represents the area between the middle axis 24 and the inner diameter 20D1 with respect to the radial direction 20R of the first tube 20. The relationship between the overall length 24L of the intermediate axis 24 and the inner diameter 20D of the first tube 20 is in the range of 120 to 130.

The virtual winding axis 64 is assigned to the winding diameter 63 of the first tube 20. As shown in fig. 2a, the first tube 20 is arranged such that the virtual middle axis 64 is parallel to the global height direction z following the gravity vector. The inlet 21 of the first tube 20 is placed at a position below the outlet 22 of the first tube 20 with respect to the global height direction z.

In this case, the first tube 20 comprises 8 threads 23 a-h. Each of the threads 23a-h is arranged in direct contact with one or both of the other threads 23 a-h. Due to the helical shape, the first thread 23a and the last thread 23h are each arranged in direct contact with only one of the other threads 23a-h 23b, 23 g. All other threads 23b-g are arranged in direct contact with two of the other threads 23 a-h. In this case, the outer diameter 20D2 of each of the threads 23a-h is disposed in direct contact with the outer diameter 20D2 of one or both of the other threads 23 a-h.

Fig. 3b and 3c show two embodiments of a linear tube 20' for manufacturing the helical first tube 20 as shown in fig. 2 a. The linear tube 20' comprises the form of a hollow cylinder and is rolled up around a specific winding diameter 63 (see fig. 2a) to form the helical first tube 20. It is assumed that the dimensions of the linear tube 20 ', such as the length 24L ' of the intermediate axis 24 ' and the inner and outer diameters are not affected by the winding process and are thus equal to the dimensions of the helical tube 20 made from the linear tube, such as the length 24L of the intermediate axis 24 and the inner and outer diameters 20D1 and 20D 2. Of course, the intermediate axis 24 of the helical tube 20 is also helical compared to the intermediate axis 24 'comprising a linear tube 20' in the form of a straight line (see fig. 2 a).

For the sake of brevity, some preferred features are thus explained with respect to the example of a linear tube 20' as shown in fig. 3b and 3 c. All features explained in relation to the example of the linear tube 20' are equally applicable to the helical first tube 20 if not explicitly mentioned.

According to fig. 1, the method 100 further comprises the step of (103b) providing a heating device 70 and controlling the temperature T of at least the first section 25a of the wall 25 of the first tube 20, 20' by applying the heating device 70 (see fig. 3 b). In this case, the first tube 20, 20' is a metal tube, and the heating device 70 is a resistance heating device.

Fig. 3c shows that the first tube 20, 20 ' comprises a plurality of segments 25a, 25b, 25c arranged in sequence about the middle axis 24, 24 ' of the first tube 20, 20 '. Thus, the temperatures T25a, T25b, T25c of the walls 25 of each of the sections 25a, 25b, 25c may be individually controlled. All sections 25a, 25b, 25c have the same length (one third of the length 24L, 24L'). In this case, the temperature T25a of the wall 25 of the first section 25a is equal to the temperature T25b of the wall 25 of the second section 25b, and wherein the temperature T25b of the wall 25 of the second section 25b is higher than the temperature 25c of the wall 25 of the third section 25 c.

Fig. 1 shows that in this case, the method 100 comprises (103c) the step of providing a plurality of supply ports 80a-h between the inlet 21 and the outlet 22 of the first duct 20 for supplying fresh air 65 to the inner side 26 of the first duct 20. Further, fig. 1 shows that in this case, the method 100 comprises (103d) the step of providing a plurality of exhaust ports 81a-h between the inlet 21 and the outlet 22 of the first pipe 20 for discharging the mixture 66 of vaporized water and air. More precisely, each of the threads 23a-h of the first pipe 20 comprises one single supply port 80a-h and one single exhaust port 81 a-h. In this case, the first exhaust port 81a is arranged between the inlet 21 and the first supply port 80a in a direction along the middle axis 24 of the first tube 20. In addition, all the exhaust ports 81a-h and all the supply ports 80a-h are arranged in an alternating manner between the inlet 21 and the outlet 22 in the following order: an inlet 21, a first exhaust port 81a, a first supply port 80a, a second exhaust port 81b, a second supply port 80b, …, an eighth exhaust port 81h, an eighth supply port 80h, an outlet 22.

Additionally, FIG. 1 shows that method 100 includes the step of (108) combusting the exhaust air.

Fig. 2a shows that the first motor 50 comprises a middle axis 51, wherein the middle axis 51 of the first motor 50 and the middle axis 24 of the first tube 20 are arranged at the inlet 21 of the first tube 20 at a mounting angle 52 towards each other. In this case, the installation angle 52, the rotation speed, and the unbalance of the motor 50 are adjustable within predetermined ranges.

Fig. 1 shows that the method 100 further comprises the following steps:

(109) a second tube 30 is provided having at least one inlet 31 and at least one outlet 32 (see also figure 2b),

(110) a second motor 90 is provided, thereby generating vibrations,

(111) the vibration generated by the second motor 90 is transmitted to the second pipe 30,

(112) a second air flow 61 is provided through the second duct 30 starting at the inlet 31 of the second duct 30,

(113) the first tube 20 and the second tube 30 are connected in series,

(114) tobacco 1 from the outlet 22 of the first tube 20 and having a second moisture content w2 is inserted into the inlet 31 of the second tube 30,

(115) water is supplied to the tobacco 1 at a position P1 before the inlet 31 of the second tube 30,

(116) the tobacco 1 inside the second tube 30 is conveyed towards the outlet 31 of the second tube 30,

(117) tobacco 1 is withdrawn at the outlet 32 of the second tube 30, the tobacco 1 having a third moisture content w3 lower than the first moisture content w1 and higher than the second moisture content w 2.

The end of the method is marked (199).

In this case, the first tube 20 and the second tube 30 are identical. To facilitate the connection of the two tubes, fig. 2c shows that a connection hose 67 is arranged between the outlet 22 of the first tube 20 and the inlet 31 of the second tube 30.

The object is also achieved by a system S for treating tobacco 1 (see figure 2b),

the system comprises:

a first pipe 20 and a second pipe 30, each having a single inlet 21, 31 and a single outlet 22, 32, and comprising a spiral shape with a plurality of threads 23a-h, 33a-h, wherein the first pipe 20 and the second pipe 30 are connected in series,

a first motor 50 and a second motor 90, each of which generates vibration, wherein the vibration generated by the first motor 50 can be transmitted to the first pipe 20, and wherein the vibration generated by the second motor 90 can be transmitted to the second pipe 30,

a first air flow 60 through the first duct 20 and a second air flow 61 through the second duct 30, each starting at the inlet 21, 31 of the first duct 20 or the second duct 30,

a heating device 70 for controlling the temperature T of at least one section 25a of the wall 25 of each of the first and second tubes 20, 30 (see also FIGS. 3b and 3c),

wherein a quantity of tobacco 1 can be conveyed through the first tube 20 and the second tube 30 in sequence,

a plurality of supply ports 80a-h between the inlet 21 and the outlet 22 of the first duct 20 and between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 of the second duct 30 for supplying fresh air 65 to the inner side 26 of the first duct 20 and the second duct 30,

a plurality of exhaust ports 81a-h between the inlet 21 and the outlet 22 of the first pipe 20 and between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 of the second pipe 30 for discharging the vaporized water and/or air 66,

a water source 62 delivering water to the tobacco 1 at a position P1 before the inlet 31 of the second tube 30 (fig. 1 also indicates an alternative position P2 between the inlet 31 and the outlet 32 of the second tube 30).

In view of the prior art, the applicant reserves all the features disclosed in the claims as essential features of the invention, as long as they are novel, separate or combined. Furthermore, it is noted that features are depicted in the drawings, which features may be advantageous individually. Those skilled in the art will immediately recognize that certain features disclosed in the figures may also be advantageous without the need to employ other features in the figures. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will recognize that advantages may accrue from combinations of various features disclosed in one or more of the figures.

List of reference numerals

1 tobacco

20, 20', 30 tubes

20D1 inner diameter

20D2 outer diameter

21, 31 inlet

22, 32 outlet

23a-h, 33a-h threads

24, 24', 51 central axis

Length of 24L, 24L

25 wall

25a-c section

26 inner side

50, 90 motor

52 installation angle

60, 61 air flow

62 Water source

63 winding diameter

64 winding axis

65 fresh air

66 mixture

67 connecting hose

70 heating device

80a-h supply port

81a-h exhaust port

100 method

101-117 step

199 end

Position P1, P2

T, T25a-c temperature

S system

w1, w2, w3 moisture content

z global height direction