阅读说明：本技术 一种利用偏析法生产高纯铝的装置 (Device for producing high-purity aluminum by using segregation method ) 是由 卢鹏荐 曾小龙 张�林 官建国 章嵩 于 2021-09-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及高纯铝生产技术领域,尤其涉及一种利用偏析法生产高纯铝的装置,包括结晶炉和结晶器,所述结晶器的石墨板上设置有冷却装置,所述冷却装置通过即时加热水流控制石墨板温度,所述结晶器通过引晶头吸取铝液结晶。冷却装置的进水管上设置有即热式加热器,所述即热式加热器用于控制进入冷却装置的低温水温度变化。本发明利用即热式的冷却装置,且冷却装置在不影响水温控制的情况下进行流速调节,保证冷却效果,从而准确的控制冷却温度,利于杂质元素Fe和Si的偏析分离,降低提纯后高纯铝中杂质元素Fe和Si的含量,将高纯铝的浓度从99.6％提升到99.99995％以上。(The invention relates to the technical field of high-purity aluminum production, in particular to a device for producing high-purity aluminum by using a segregation method. An instant heating type heater is arranged on a water inlet pipe of the cooling device and is used for controlling the temperature change of low-temperature water entering the cooling device. The invention utilizes the instant heating type cooling device, and the cooling device adjusts the flow velocity under the condition of not influencing the water temperature control, and ensures the cooling effect, thereby accurately controlling the cooling temperature, being beneficial to the segregation separation of impurity elements Fe and Si, reducing the contents of the impurity elements Fe and Si in the purified high-purity aluminum, and improving the concentration of the high-purity aluminum from 99.6 percent to more than 99.99995 percent.)

1. An apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation method, comprising a crystallization furnace (1) and a crystallizer (2), characterized in that: the crystallizer (2) is provided with a cooling device, the cooling device controls the temperature of the crystallizer (2) by instantly heating water flow, and the crystallizer (2) absorbs the aluminum liquid of the crystallization furnace (1) for crystallization.

2. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 1, wherein: an instant heating type heater (7) is arranged on a water inlet pipe (6) of the cooling device, and the instant heating type heater (7) is used for controlling the temperature change of low-temperature water entering the cooling device.

3. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 2, wherein: instant heating type heater (7) are including heating jacket (72) and singlechip (73), heating jacket (72) are used for the water heating to inlet tube (6), still including first temperature sensor (74) that detects heating jacket (72) heating front water temperature and detect second temperature sensor (75) that heating jacket (72) heated back water temperature, singlechip (73) are used for acquireing the data of first temperature sensor (74) and second temperature sensor (75) to the heating power of control heating jacket (72).

4. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 1, wherein: and a third temperature sensor is arranged on a water outlet pipe (5) of the cooling device.

5. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 1, wherein: the cooling device comprises a cooling groove (8) and a piston plate (9), the cooling groove (8) comprises an outer protection plate (81) and a partition plate (82), a water flow channel is formed between the outer protection plate (81) and the partition plate (82), and the piston plate (9) is matched with the water flow channel and used for adjusting the section size of the water flow channel and the flow rate of water flow inside the cooling device.

6. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation method as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the single chip microcomputer (73) controls the heating power of the heating sleeve (72) by acquiring data of the first temperature sensor (74), the second temperature sensor (75) and the third temperature sensor, and controls the telescopic rod (10) to drive the piston plate (9) to adjust the section size of the water flow channel and the flow rate of water flow in the cooling device.

7. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 1, wherein: the device is characterized by further comprising an aluminum liquid supply furnace (14), wherein the aluminum liquid supply furnace (14) replenishes aluminum liquid for the crystallization furnace (1) through a liquid supply pipe, and a heating device (4) for heating the aluminum liquid is arranged inside the crystallization furnace (1).

8. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 1, wherein: and an electromagnetic stirrer (16) for stirring the aluminum liquid is arranged on the crystallization furnace (1).

9. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 1, wherein: the crystallizer (2) is provided with a sealing cover (11), and the sealing cover (11) is provided with a vacuum pump (12) for vacuumizing the crystallization furnace (1) and a fourth temperature sensor (13) for detecting the temperature change of the molten aluminum.

10. The apparatus for producing high purity aluminum by segregation according to claim 1, wherein: the crystallizer (2) is installed on a support (17), the support (17) is installed on a lifting device (20) through a rotating device (19), the lifting device (20) is used for jacking up the crystallizer (2) after crystallization, and the rotating device (19) is used for rotating the crystallizer (2) after crystallization to a conveyor (21) for feeding and discharging.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of high-purity aluminum production, in particular to a device for producing high-purity aluminum by using a segregation method.

Background

The existing mature high-purity aluminum purification technology comprises a three-layer liquid electrolysis method and a segregation method. The three-layer liquid method is widely applied at present, but the segregation method has the advantages of electricity saving, low energy consumption and environmental protection, and the electricity can be saved by 6000 degrees per ton on average. And the segregation method utilizes a physical method, does not relate to any other additive substances in the whole process, does not need to specially and additionally apply energy to promote the solidification and segregation processes, does not generate any toxic and harmful substances in the production process except gas and dust generated by aluminum smelting, and meets the requirement of environment-friendly production.

In the existing high-purity aluminum purification process, crystallization is realized mainly by utilizing the temperature difference between the temperature of aluminum liquid and a crystallizer, cooling water or other cooling devices adopted in the prior art can be influenced by the temperature of the aluminum liquid in the cooling process, and researches show that the temperature control of the crystallizer directly influences the content of Fe and Si in the high-purity aluminum, so that the purity of the high-purity aluminum is influenced, and even crystal breakage can be caused to influence the production of the high-purity aluminum. Therefore, an apparatus for producing high-purity aluminum by using a segregation method is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device for producing high-purity aluminum by using a segregation method, which improves the purity of the high-purity aluminum, avoids crystal breakage and improves the production efficiency of the high-purity aluminum by accurately controlling the temperature of a crystallizer, and solves the problems that the crystallization temperature is not well controlled in the existing high-purity aluminum production process, the purity of the high-purity aluminum is influenced, even crystal breakage is caused, and the production of the high-purity aluminum is influenced.

The invention provides the following technical scheme: a device for producing high-purity aluminum by using a segregation method comprises a crystallization furnace and a crystallizer, wherein a cooling device is arranged on the crystallizer, the cooling device controls the temperature of the crystallizer by instantly heating water flow, and the crystallizer is crystallized by absorbing aluminum liquid in the crystallization furnace.

Preferably, an instant heating type heater is arranged on a water inlet pipe of the cooling device, and the instant heating type heater is used for controlling the temperature change of low-temperature water entering the cooling device.

Preferably, the instant heating type heater includes heating jacket and singlechip, the heating jacket is used for the water heating to the inlet tube, still including the first temperature sensor who detects the water temperature before the heating jacket heating, and detect the second temperature sensor who heats the water temperature behind the heating jacket heating, the singlechip is used for acquireing first temperature sensor and second temperature sensor's data to the heating power of control heating jacket.

Preferably, a third temperature sensor is arranged on a water outlet pipe of the cooling device.

Preferably, the cooling device comprises a cooling tank and a piston plate, the cooling tank comprises an outer guard plate and a partition plate, a water flow channel is formed between the outer guard plate and the partition plate, and the piston plate is matched with the water flow channel and used for adjusting the section size of the water flow channel and the flow rate of water flow in the cooling device.

Preferably, the single chip microcomputer controls the heating power of the heating jacket by acquiring data of the first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and the third temperature sensor, and controls the telescopic rod to drive the piston plate to adjust the section size of the water flow channel and the flow rate of water flow in the cooling device.

Preferably, the system also comprises an aluminum liquid supply furnace, the aluminum liquid supply furnace replenishes the crystallization furnace with aluminum liquid through a liquid supply pipe, and a heating device for heating the aluminum liquid is arranged inside the crystallization furnace.

Preferably, an electromagnetic stirrer for stirring the aluminum liquid is arranged on the crystallization furnace.

Preferably, the crystallizer is provided with a sealing cover, and the sealing cover is provided with a vacuum pump for vacuumizing the crystallizer and a fourth temperature sensor for detecting the temperature change of the aluminum liquid.

Preferably, the crystallizer is installed on a support, the support is installed on a lifting device through a rotating device, the lifting device is used for jacking up the crystallized crystallizer, and the rotating device is used for rotating the crystallized crystallizer to a conveyor to feed and discharge materials.

The invention provides a device for producing high-purity aluminum by using a segregation method, which utilizes an instant heating type cooling device, and the cooling device adjusts the flow velocity under the condition of not influencing the water temperature control, thereby ensuring the cooling effect, accurately controlling the cooling temperature, being beneficial to the segregation separation of impurity elements Fe and Si, reducing the contents of the impurity elements Fe and Si in the purified high-purity aluminum, and increasing the concentration of the high-purity aluminum from 99.6 percent to more than 99.99995 percent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the instant heating type heater structure of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a cooling bath according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a double crystallizer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. a crystallization furnace; 2. a crystallizer; 3. a graphite plate; 4. a heating device; 5. a water outlet pipe; 6. a water inlet pipe; 7. an instantaneous heater; 71. a housing; 72. heating a jacket; 73. a single chip microcomputer; 74. a first temperature sensor; 75. a second temperature sensor; 76. a flow meter; 8. a cooling tank; 81. an outer shroud; 82. a partition plate; 9. a piston plate; 10. a telescopic rod; 11. a sealing cover; 12. a vacuum pump; 13. a fourth temperature sensor; 14. an aluminum liquid supply furnace; 15. a liquid discharge pipe; 16. an electromagnetic stirrer; 17. a support; 18. a traction device; 19. a rotating device; 20. a lifting device; 21. a conveyor.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution: a device for producing high-purity aluminum by using a segregation method comprises a crystallization furnace 1 and a crystallizer 2, wherein a cooling device is arranged on a graphite plate 3 of the crystallizer 2, the cooling device controls the temperature of the graphite plate 3 by heating water instantly, and the crystallizer 2 absorbs aluminum liquid crystals through a seeding head. The crystal suction head can also be provided with a cooling device.

The cooling device is adopted to ensure the constant temperature of the cooling water by instantly heating the water flow. In the existing cooling device, the cooling temperature is influenced by the aluminum liquid, the temperature of the aluminum liquid is commonly at seven to eight hundred ℃, and the temperature of cooling water or cooling liquid is increased in a short time, so that the cooling effect of the cooling device is influenced. If the water tank is adopted to provide cooling water, the time required by temperature regulation in the water tank is long, the efficiency is low, and the temperature of the cooling water cannot be accurately controlled. In the cooling crystallization process, a cooling device is required to provide a specific temperature gradient, namely different constant temperatures are provided at different time points, so that the crystallization effect and the purity of high-purity aluminum can be ensured.

As shown in fig. 2, a quick-heating type heater 7 is provided on the water inlet pipe 6 of the cooling device, and the quick-heating type heater 7 is used for controlling the temperature change of the low-temperature water entering the cooling device. The instant heating type heater 7 comprises a heating jacket 72 and a single chip microcomputer 73 which are arranged in a shell 71, wherein the heating jacket 72 is used for heating water in a water inlet pipe 6, the instant heating type heater further comprises a first temperature sensor 74 for detecting the water temperature before the heating jacket 72 is heated and a second temperature sensor 75 for detecting the water temperature after the heating jacket 72 is heated, and the single chip microcomputer 73 is used for acquiring data of the first temperature sensor 74 and the second temperature sensor 75 and controlling the heating power of the heating jacket 72.

The control principle is as follows: the single chip microcomputer 73 detects the temperature of the water inlet through the first temperature sensor 74, detects the flow rate of water through the flow meter 76, calculates the time required for the water flow to pass through the heating jacket 72 and the temperature required to be increased, finally obtains the power and the output temperature of the heating jacket 72, controls the temperature of the water outlet, detects the temperature of the water outlet through the second temperature sensor 75, and further adjusts the power of the heating jacket 72.

A third temperature sensor is arranged on a water outlet pipe 5 of the cooling device. The third temperature sensor is arranged on the water outlet pipe 5 of the cooling device and used for detecting the temperature rise of the crystallizer 2 after cooling by cooling water, so that the cooling effect of the cooling device is judged, and if the temperature difference between the cooling water and the cooling water is too large, the cooling effect is influenced.

As shown in fig. 3, the cooling device includes a cooling tank 8 and a piston plate 9, the cooling tank 8 includes an outer protective plate 81 and a partition plate 82, a water flow passage is formed between the outer protective plate 81 and the partition plate 82, and the piston plate 9 is adapted to the water flow passage for adjusting the cross-sectional size of the water flow passage and the flow rate of water flow inside the cooling device.

In the cooling process of the cooling device, if the flow rate of the cooling water is too slow, the longer the contact time with the crystallizer 2 is, the more the temperature rises, and the cooling effect is reduced, so that the cooling effect of the cooling device can be ensured to a certain extent by adjusting the flow rate of the cooling water according to the requirement. The heating effect of the instant heating type faucet is related to the flow velocity and the heating power of water flow, the larger the flow velocity of water flow is, the shorter the heating time is, and the larger the heating power is, so that the temperature control is difficult to a certain degree.

With the mode of cooling device adoption cooling bath 8 and piston plate 9, can guarantee under the unchangeable circumstances of cooling water and crystallizer 2 area of contact, adjust the cross section size of rivers passageway, and according to the formula v of hydraulics Q/A, wherein pipeline average velocity of flow v equals pipeline flow divided by pipeline cross sectional area. Under the condition that the water flow velocity of the instant heating heater 7 is not changed, the flow delivered to the cooling device in unit time is constant, but the water flow channel is compressed through the piston plate 9 (in the compression process, the sizes of a water inlet and a water outlet of the cooling device are not influenced), the cross section area of the water flow channel can be reduced by multiple times or even tens of times, so that the water flow velocity delivered by the cooling device is improved by multiple times or even tens of times, and the heating time and the heating effect of the instant heating heater 7 are not influenced. By controlling and increasing the flow rate of the cooling water in the cooling device, the cooling effect can be improved to a great extent.

The single chip microcomputer 73 controls the heating power of the heating jacket 72 by acquiring data of the first temperature sensor 74, the second temperature sensor 75 and the third temperature sensor, and controls the telescopic rod 10 to drive the piston plate 9 to adjust the section size of the water flow passage and the flow rate of water flow in the cooling device.

The cooling temperature control method comprises the following steps: firstly, water inlet water temperature (such as 20 ℃) and water flow velocity are obtained through a first temperature sensor 74, water flow heating time and set temperature are calculated, power of a heating sleeve 72 is controlled, water temperature (40 ℃) of a water outlet is detected through a second temperature sensor 75, heating power is further calibrated by utilizing the water temperature of the water outlet, the water temperature after cooling of a cooling device is detected through a third temperature sensor of a water outlet pipe 5, if the difference between the water outlet temperature and the water inlet temperature of the cooling device is set to be not more than 5 ℃ (other thresholds can be set), the cooling effect can not be guaranteed, the cross section size of a water flow channel between a piston plate 9 and a cooling groove 8 is adjusted through a control telescopic rod 10, the cooling water flow velocity in the water flow channel is improved until the difference between the water outlet temperature and the water inlet temperature of the cooling device is not more than 5 ℃.

An aluminum liquid supply furnace 14, wherein the aluminum liquid supply furnace 14 supplements aluminum liquid for the crystallization furnace 1 through a liquid supply pipe, and a liquid discharge pipe 15 for discharging waste liquid is also arranged. A heating device 4 for heating the aluminum liquid is arranged in the crystallization furnace 1. The crystallization furnace 1 is provided with an electromagnetic stirrer 16 for stirring the aluminum liquid. The heating device 4 can further heat the aluminum liquid in the crystallization furnace 1, and the aluminum liquid is stirred by the electromagnetic stirrer 16, so that the temperature uniformity of the aluminum liquid can be ensured, and meanwhile, the contact stirring is avoided, and other impurities are brought into the aluminum liquid to influence the purity of the aluminum liquid.

The crystallizer 2 is provided with a sealing cover 11, and the sealing cover 11 is provided with a vacuum pump 12 for vacuumizing the crystallization furnace 1 and a fourth temperature sensor 13 for detecting the temperature change of the aluminum liquid. Through setting up sealed lid 11 and vacuum pump 12, can not only avoid external impurity to get into aluminium liquid to the evacuation in-process of crystallizing, also can avoid the impurity in the air to influence aluminium liquid purity, and then influence the high-purity aluminium purity that the crystallization was obtained.

As shown in fig. 4, the crystallizer 2 is mounted on a support 17, the support 17 is further provided with a traction device 18 for driving a crystal suction head to suck molten aluminum regularly and quantitatively, the support 17 is mounted on a lifting device 20 through a rotating device 19, the lifting device 20 is used for jacking up the crystallized crystallizer 2, and the rotating device 19 is used for rotating the crystallized crystallizer 2 to a conveyor 21 for feeding and discharging. The lifting device 20 can adopt a lifting oil cylinder or a lifting air cylinder for jacking the support 17 and the crystallizer 2, the rotating device 19 adopts a motor to drive the support 17 device, the support 17 is installed on the lifting device 20 through a bearing, and the jacking support 17 and the crystallizer 2 are driven to rotate 180 degrees to replace one crystallizer 2, so that the blanking of the crystallized high-purity aluminum and the cleaning and maintenance of the crystallizer 2 are facilitated. In the blanking process, the crystallization is continued through the other crystallizer 2, so that the crystallization effect is prevented from being influenced. The rotation range of the rotation device 19 is 180 degrees and 270 degrees, and after the rotation, the original path is reset, so that the line winding caused by 360-degree rotation can be avoided, and the production efficiency is improved.

The working principle is as follows: after the aluminum liquid in the aluminum liquid supply furnace 14 is added into the crystallization furnace 1, the aluminum liquid is heated and melted by the heating device 4, the temperature is constant, then the aluminum liquid is pulled at a certain speed, meanwhile, the electromagnetic stirrer 16 is used for stirring, the crystallizer 2 and the crystal leading head are cooled by the cooling device, the aluminum liquid is respectively solidified in the radial direction and the axial direction, meanwhile, a specific temperature gradient is provided, the cooling temperature is controlled at 20 ℃ in the former period of time, and the temperature is increased to 40 ℃ in the latter period of time. Along with the progress of the crystal pulling process, the aluminum crystal grows up continuously, and the purification process is carried out continuously. Different temperature gradients can be obtained by adjusting the crystal pulling speed, the temperature of the aluminum liquid and the heating power of different coils. In the crystal pulling process, the solute concentration at the front edge of a solid-liquid interface can be reduced through electromagnetic stirring, the uniform temperature of the aluminum liquid in the radial direction can be kept, and the uniform distribution of a temperature field in the aluminum liquid is realized.

The segregation method can remove impurity elements Fe and Si, and can greatly improve the purity of aluminum. But the control of the cooling temperature is beneficial to the segregation separation of impurity elements Fe and Si. The cooling temperature control method can accurately control the cooling temperature within a specific range, the temperature error can be realized within 1 ℃, compared with the existing cooling technology, the temperature can only be controlled within 20-50 ℃, and the temperature control effect is poor, so that the segregation separation of impurity elements Fe and Si in crystallization is influenced, the purity of high-purity aluminum is further influenced, and even the crystal breakage in the crystallization process can be caused. The high-purity aluminum crystallized by the existing crystallizing device contains 0.17-0.3 percent of Fe and 0.06-0.08 percent of Si; the content of Fe after crystallization by the crystallization device is 0.000005-0.000015%, and the content of Si is 0.0000008-0.0000012%. The concentration of the high-purity aluminum is improved from 99.6 percent to more than 99.99995 percent by utilizing the control of a cooling device.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.