阅读说明：本技术 一种航空活塞发动机点火控制方法及故障诊断方法 (Ignition control method and fault diagnosis method for aviation piston engine ) 是由 翟步云 陈兆辉 季昊成 隋全武 丁亚萍 胡又顺 彭中荣 徐卫平 黄以兰 于 2021-11-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种航空活塞发动机点火控制方法及故障诊断方法,包括第一磁铁和第二磁铁均位于发动机运动机构内且均外露一磁极,霍尔传感器位于发动机箱体上,其中第一磁铁和第二磁铁的外露磁极相反,霍尔传感器内部具有能感应第一磁铁外露磁极的第一霍尔芯片和能感应第二磁铁外露磁极的第二霍尔芯片；发动机起动时,第一磁铁和第二磁铁旋转至霍尔传感器位置处触发第一霍尔芯片和第二霍尔芯片分别产生霍尔脉冲信号,点火控制单元根据相邻两个同极性霍尔脉冲信号的上升沿或者下降沿时间差计算出发动机转速,根据发动机转速选择点火模式使得发动机起动更轻松,高速点火时刻更精准。本发明的故障诊断功能,有效提高了点火系统的可靠性。(The invention discloses an ignition control method and a fault diagnosis method of an aviation piston engine, which comprises a first magnet and a second magnet which are both positioned in an engine motion mechanism and are exposed with a magnetic pole, wherein a Hall sensor is positioned on an engine box body, the exposed magnetic poles of the first magnet and the second magnet are opposite, and a first Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the first magnet and a second Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the second magnet are arranged in the Hall sensor; when the engine is started, the first magnet and the second magnet rotate to the position of the Hall sensor to trigger the first Hall chip and the second Hall chip to respectively generate Hall pulse signals, the ignition control unit calculates the rotating speed of the engine according to the time difference of the rising edge or the falling edge of two adjacent Hall pulse signals with the same polarity, and the ignition mode is selected according to the rotating speed of the engine so that the engine is started more easily and the high-speed ignition time is more accurate. The fault diagnosis function of the invention effectively improves the reliability of the ignition system.)

1. An ignition control method of an aviation piston engine is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a first magnet and a second magnet are arranged in the engine movement mechanism, the first magnet and the second magnet are exposed with a magnetic pole, and the exposed magnetic poles of the first magnet and the second magnet are opposite; the engine box body is provided with a Hall sensor, and a first Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the first magnet and a second Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the second magnet are arranged in the Hall sensor;

when the engine is started, the crankshaft connecting rod rotates 360 degrees, the first magnet continuously induces a high-level pulse signal on the first Hall chip of the Hall sensor twice, or the second magnet continuously induces a high-level pulse signal on the second Hall chip of the Hall sensor twice, and the ignition control unit induces a high-level pulse signal according to the rising edge time difference or the falling edge time difference T of two adjacent Hall pulse signals with the same polarity₁Calculating the rotating speed N of the engine; when the engine speed N is lower than the set speed N₁When the ignition control unit operates the starting ignition mode; when the engine speed N is higher than the set speed N₂When the ignition control unit operates the high-speed ignition mode; when the engine speed is N₁~N₂In between, the ignition control unit operates the conventional ignition mode;

when N is present<N₁When the engine is started, the ignition control unit judges that the engine is in a starting stage, and the ignition control unit enters a starting ignition mode; the crankshaft connecting rod drives the propeller hub to rotate, the first magnet and the second magnet rotate together with the propeller hub, when the first magnet rotates to the position of the Hall sensor, the first Hall chip in the Hall sensor senses a high level, and the piston is located at the top of the cylinder body, namely at the top dead center position; a singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a high-level signal to enable a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) to be conducted, the silicon controlled rectifier controls an energy storage capacitor (C) to discharge and induce high voltage on an ignition coil, and meanwhile, electric sparks are generated on a spark plug to ignite mixed gas in an engine cylinder; after ignition is finished, the singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a low-level signal, the SCR is turned off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period;

when N is present>N₂When the engine is in a high-speed stage, the ignition control unit judges that the engine is in a high-speed stage and enters a high-speed ignition mode; when the second magnet rotates to the position of the Hall sensor, the second Hall chip senses high currentFlat when the piston is at the maximum ignition advance angle Q_maxThe single chip microcomputer of the ignition control unit outputs high level to enable the SCR to be conducted, the SCR controls the energy storage capacitor C to discharge and induce high voltage on the ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on the spark plug at the same time to ignite mixed gas in an engine cylinder, after ignition is finished, the single chip microcomputer of the ignition control unit outputs low level signals, the SCR is turned off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period;

when N is present₁≤N≤N₂When the engine is in the normal rotation speed stage, the ignition control unit enters a normal ignition mode; the singlechip finds the value Q of the optimal ignition advance angle set under the corresponding rotating speed, calculates the time T required by the piston to move to the set ignition time point after receiving the high-level pulse signal of the first Hall chip or the second Hall chip according to the rotating speed₃(ii) a When T is₃And after the timing is finished, the singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs high level to enable the SCR to be switched on, the SCR controls the energy storage capacitor C to discharge and induce high voltage on the ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on the spark plug to ignite the mixed gas in the engine cylinder, after the ignition is finished, the singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a low level signal, the SCR is switched off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period.

2. The aviation piston engine ignition control method of claim 1, wherein when the first hall chip is used to acquire the parameter T₃Signal source of, T₃The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

wherein T is_N1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the first Hall chip and the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last first Hall chip, or T_N1Is the first Hall chipAnd the duration between the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal and the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last first Hall chip is ms.

3. The aviation piston engine ignition control method of claim 1, wherein when the second hall chip is used as the acquisition parameter T₃Signal source of, T₃The calculation formula is as follows:

wherein T is_S1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the second Hall chip and the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last second Hall chip, or T_S1The duration between the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the second hall chip and the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last second hall chip is ms.

4. An aviation piston engine ignition control method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the specific calculation formula of the engine speed N is as follows:

wherein T is₁The rising edge time difference or the falling edge time difference, T, of two adjacent hall pulse signals with the same polarity₁The unit is ms, and the unit of N is r/min.

5. An aviation piston engine ignition control method as recited in claim 1, wherein: the engine motion mechanism comprises a crankshaft connecting rod, a hub positioned on the crankshaft connecting rod and a piston positioned on the crankshaft connecting rod, wherein a first magnet and a second magnet are embedded in the hub.

6. An aviation piston engine ignition control method as recited in claim 5, wherein: the first magnet corresponds to the top dead center position of the engine when rotating to the position of the Hall sensor, and the second magnet corresponds to the maximum ignition advance angle position of the engine when rotating to the position of the Hall sensor.

7. An aviation piston engine ignition control method as recited in claim 1, wherein: and the ignition control unit is sequentially connected with an ignition coil and a spark plug.

8. An aviation piston engine ignition control method as recited in claim 7, wherein: the ignition control unit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a DC-AC booster, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) and an energy storage capacitor C, wherein the single chip microcomputer calculates the rotating speed of the engine and the position of a piston relative to a top dead center according to two groups of received Hall pulse signals, selects an ignition mode and outputs signals to enable the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) to be conducted; the silicon controlled rectifier controls the energy storage capacitor C to discharge and induce high voltage on the ignition coil, and meanwhile, electric sparks are generated on the spark plug to ignite the mixed gas in the engine cylinder.

9. An aviation piston engine ignition control method as recited in claim 7, wherein: the single chip microcomputer is also connected with an ECU (electronic control unit), and the ECU is respectively connected with a steering engine and an oil injector; when the single chip microcomputer receives two continuous hall pulse signals with the same polarity, the single chip microcomputer judges that the signals are abnormal signals, the single chip microcomputer sends signals to the ECU, the ECU locks the steering engine to fix the opening degree of the throttle valve to be a current value, the oil injection duty ratio of the oil injector is locked to be a current value, and then rising edge time difference or falling edge time difference T of two adjacent hall pulse signals with the same polarity is collected₁。

10. A fault diagnosis method for an aviation piston engine is characterized in that a first magnet and a second magnet are arranged in an engine movement mechanism, the first magnet and the second magnet expose a magnetic pole, and the exposed magnetic poles of the first magnet and the second magnet are opposite; the engine box body is provided with a Hall sensor, and a first Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the first magnet and a second Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the second magnet are arranged in the Hall sensor;

the diagnostic method comprises the following steps:

(1) the single chip microcomputer judges whether a high level signal of the second Hall chip is received or not, and if the high level signal is not received, the step (10) is executed; if so, executing the step (2) and the step (3);

(2) time delay (Q)_max-Q)×T_S1/360 ignition, T_S1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high level signal of the second Hall chip and the rising edge of the high level signal of the last second Hall chip or T_S1The duration between the high level signal falling edge of the second Hall chip and the high level signal falling edge of the last second Hall chip is ms;

(3) judging whether the first Hall chip reports faults or not, if so, executing a single Hall operation mode, directly executing the step (1), and if not, executing the step (4);

(4) judging whether the single chip microcomputer receives a high level signal of the first Hall chip, if so, executing the step (11) and the step (16) in sequence and then turning to the step (10); if not, executing the step (5);

(5) judging whether the singlechip receives the next high-level signal of the second Hall chip or not, and if not, skipping to the step (4) for cyclic waiting; if so, executing the step (6) and the step (7);

(6) the single chip microcomputer outputs a high level signal to the ECU, and the ECU locks the opening of the steering engine and the fuel injection duty ratio of the fuel injector after receiving the high level signal, so that the rotating speed of the engine is stabilized at the current value;

(7) and judging the interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent second Hall chips collected by the singlechip₁The interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent second Hall chips when the propeller hub rotates in the last period₀If the difference is not in the set range, the collected high-level signal is judged to be an interference signal and is givenSkipping to execute the step (9) and the step (1) by filtering; if the current time is within the set range, jumping to the step (2) after the step (8) is executed;

(8) the first Hall chip reports faults and releases the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(9) releasing the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(10) judging whether the single chip microcomputer receives a high level signal of the first Hall chip, and if so, executing the step (11); if not, executing the step (1);

(11) judging whether the second Hall chip reports faults or not, if so, executing a single Hall operation mode, directly executing the step (16) and then jumping to the step (10), and if not, executing the step (12);

(12) judging whether the singlechip receives a high level signal of the second Hall chip, and if so, executing the step (2); if not, executing step (13);

(13) judging whether the singlechip receives the next high-level signal of the first Hall chip or not, and if not, skipping to the step (12) for cyclic waiting; if yes, executing step (14);

(14) the single chip microcomputer outputs a high level signal to the ECU, and the ECU locks the opening of the steering engine and the fuel injection duty ratio of the fuel injector after receiving the high level signal, so that the rotating speed of the engine is stabilized at the current value; judging the interval time T of two adjacent first Hall chip high-level signals collected by the singlechip₁The interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent first Hall chips when the propeller hub rotates in the last period₀If the difference value is not in the set range, judging that the acquired high-level signal is an interference signal and filtering the interference signal, and jumping to the step (1) after jumping to the step (9); if the current time is within the set range, executing the step (15) and the step (16) and then jumping to the step (10);

(15) the second Hall chip reports faults and releases the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(16) delay T_N1-Q×T_N1/360 ignition, T_N1Is the first HallThe time length between the rising edge of the high level signal of the chip and the rising edge of the high level signal of the last first Hall chip or T_N1The duration between the high level signal falling edge of the first hall chip and the high level signal falling edge of the last first hall chip is ms.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of engine ignition control, in particular to an aviation piston engine ignition control method and a fault diagnosis method.

Background

In aviation piston engines, ignition control is the most important factor for the proper operation of the engine. In the engine control process, the included angle between a piston and the top dead center of an engine needs to be acquired, and the compressed mixed gas in the cylinder of the engine needs to be ignited by electric sparks at a proper angle. The ignition angle has different optimal values under different engine speeds, and the accuracy of the ignition angle and the engine speed directly relates to the power, the emission, the service life and the running stability of the engine. The existing engine rotating speed and ignition angle acquisition sensor mostly adopts a magnetoelectric type, a sensing device matched with the sensor has a single boss or a plurality of bosses, the rotating speed and angle accuracy of the sensor is poor, the anti-interference capability is weak, and the process of the sensor is complex and is only used in an electronic injection system.

Therefore, it is desired to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: the invention aims to provide an ignition control method of an aviation piston engine, which has high reliability and strong anti-interference capability and can effectively improve the ignition precision of the engine in different operation stages.

The invention also provides a method for diagnosing the faults of the aviation piston engine.

The technical scheme is as follows: in order to achieve the aim, the invention discloses an ignition control method of an aviation piston engine, which comprises the following steps:

a first magnet and a second magnet are arranged in the engine movement mechanism, the first magnet and the second magnet are exposed with a magnetic pole, and the exposed magnetic poles of the first magnet and the second magnet are opposite; the engine box body is provided with a Hall sensor, and a first Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the first magnet and a second Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the second magnet are arranged in the Hall sensor;

when the engine is started, the crankshaft connecting rod rotates 360 degrees, the first magnet continuously induces a high-level pulse signal on the first Hall chip of the Hall sensor twice, or the second magnet continuously induces a high-level pulse signal on the second Hall chip of the Hall sensor twice, and the ignition control unit induces a high-level pulse signal according to the rising edge time difference or the falling edge time difference T of two adjacent Hall pulse signals with the same polarity₁Calculating the rotating speed N of the engine; when the engine speed N is lower than the set speed N₁When the ignition control unit operates the starting ignition mode; when the engine speed N is higher than the set speed N₂When the ignition control unit operates the high-speed ignition mode; when the engine speed is N₁~N₂In between, the ignition control unit operates the conventional ignition mode;

when N is present<N₁When the engine is started, the ignition control unit judges that the engine is in a starting stage, and the ignition control unit enters a starting ignition mode; the crankshaft connecting rod drives the propeller hub to rotate, the first magnet and the second magnet rotate together with the propeller hub, when the first magnet rotates to the position of the Hall sensor, the first Hall chip in the Hall sensor senses a high level, and the piston is located at the top of the cylinder body, namely at the top dead center position; a singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a high-level signal to enable a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) to be conducted, the silicon controlled rectifier controls an energy storage capacitor (C) to discharge and induce high voltage on an ignition coil, and meanwhile, electric sparks are generated on a spark plug to ignite mixed gas in an engine cylinder; after ignition is finished, the singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a low-level signal, the SCR is turned off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period;

when N is present>N₂When the engine is in a high-speed stage, the ignition control unit judges that the engine is in a high-speed stage and enters a high-speed ignition mode; when the second magnet rotates to the position of the Hall sensor, the second Hall chip senses high level, and the piston is positioned at the maximum ignition advance angle Q_maxThe single chip microcomputer of the ignition control unit outputs high level to enable the SCR to be conducted, the SCR controls the energy storage capacitor C to discharge and induce high voltage on the ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on the spark plug at the same time to ignite mixed gas in an engine cylinder, after ignition is finished, the single chip microcomputer of the ignition control unit outputs low level signals, the SCR is turned off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period;

when N is present₁≤N≤N₂When the engine is in the normal rotation speed stage, the ignition control unit enters a normal ignition mode; the singlechip finds the value Q of the optimal ignition advance angle set under the corresponding rotating speed, calculates the time T required by the piston to move to the set ignition time point after receiving the high-level pulse signal of the first Hall chip or the second Hall chip according to the rotating speed₃(ii) a When T is₃And after the timing is finished, the singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs high level to enable the SCR to be switched on, the SCR controls the energy storage capacitor C to discharge and induce high voltage on the ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on the spark plug to ignite the mixed gas in the engine cylinder, after the ignition is finished, the singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a low level signal, the SCR is switched off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period.

Wherein, when the first Hall chip is adopted as the acquisition parameter T₃Signal source of, T₃The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

wherein T is_N1The rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the first Hall chip and the high-level pulse signal of the last first Hall chipThe duration between rising edges of the signs, or T_N1The duration between the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the first hall chip and the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last first hall chip is ms.

Preferably, when the second Hall chip is adopted as the acquisition parameter T₃Signal source of, T₃The calculation formula is as follows:

wherein T is_S1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the second Hall chip and the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last second Hall chip, or T_S1The duration between the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the second hall chip and the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last second hall chip is ms.

The specific calculation formula of the engine speed N is:

wherein T is₁The rising edge time difference or the falling edge time difference, T, of two adjacent hall pulse signals with the same polarity₁The unit is ms, and the unit of N is r/min.

Further, the engine motion mechanism comprises a crankshaft connecting rod, a hub positioned on the crankshaft connecting rod and a piston positioned on the crankshaft connecting rod, wherein the first magnet and the second magnet are embedded in the hub.

And when the second magnet rotates to the position of the Hall sensor, the second magnet corresponds to the maximum ignition advance angle position of the engine.

Preferably, the ignition control unit is connected with an ignition coil and a spark plug in sequence.

Further, the ignition control unit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a DC-AC booster, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) and an energy storage capacitor C, wherein the single chip microcomputer calculates the rotating speed of the engine and the position of the piston relative to a top dead center according to the two groups of received Hall pulse signals, selects an ignition mode and outputs a signal to enable the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) to be conducted; the silicon controlled rectifier controls the energy storage capacitor C to discharge and induce high voltage on the ignition coil, and meanwhile, electric sparks are generated on the spark plug to ignite the mixed gas in the engine cylinder.

Furthermore, the single chip microcomputer is also connected with an ECU (electronic control unit), and the ECU is respectively connected with a steering engine and an oil injector; when the single chip microcomputer receives two continuous hall pulse signals with the same polarity, the single chip microcomputer judges that the signals are abnormal signals, the single chip microcomputer sends signals to the ECU, the ECU locks the steering engine to fix the opening degree of the throttle valve to be a current value, the oil injection duty ratio of the oil injector is locked to be a current value, and then rising edge time difference or falling edge time difference T of two adjacent hall pulse signals with the same polarity is collected₁。

The invention relates to a fault diagnosis method for an aviation piston engine, wherein a first magnet and a second magnet are arranged in an engine motion mechanism, the first magnet and the second magnet are exposed with a magnetic pole, and the exposed magnetic poles of the first magnet and the second magnet are opposite; the engine box body is provided with a Hall sensor, and a first Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the first magnet and a second Hall chip capable of sensing the exposed magnetic pole of the second magnet are arranged in the Hall sensor;

the diagnostic method comprises the following steps:

(1) the single chip microcomputer judges whether a high level signal of the second Hall chip is received or not, and if the high level signal is not received, the step (10) is executed; if so, executing the step (2) and the step (3);

(2) time delay (Q)_max-Q)×T_S1/360 ignition, T_S1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high level signal of the second Hall chip and the rising edge of the high level signal of the last second Hall chip or T_S1The duration between the high level signal falling edge of the second Hall chip and the high level signal falling edge of the last second Hall chip is ms;

(3) judging whether the first Hall chip reports faults or not, if so, executing a single Hall operation mode, directly executing the step (1), and if not, executing the step (4);

(4) judging whether the single chip microcomputer receives a high level signal of the first Hall chip, if so, executing the step (11) and the step (16) in sequence and then turning to the step (10); if not, executing the step (5);

(5) judging whether the singlechip receives the next high-level signal of the second Hall chip or not, and if not, skipping to the step (4) for cyclic waiting; if so, executing the step (6) and the step (7);

(6) the single chip microcomputer outputs a high level signal to the ECU, and the ECU locks the opening of the steering engine and the fuel injection duty ratio of the fuel injector after receiving the high level signal, so that the rotating speed of the engine is stabilized at the current value;

(7) and judging the interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent second Hall chips collected by the singlechip₁The interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent second Hall chips when the propeller hub rotates in the last period₀If the difference value is not in the set range, judging that the acquired high-level signal is an interference signal and filtering, and skipping to execute the step (9) and the step (1); if the current time is within the set range, jumping to the step (2) after the step (8) is executed;

(8) the first Hall chip reports faults and releases the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(9) releasing the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(10) judging whether the single chip microcomputer receives a high level signal of the first Hall chip, and if so, executing the step (11); if not, executing the step (1);

(11) judging whether the second Hall chip reports faults or not, if so, executing a single Hall operation mode, directly executing the step (16) and then jumping to the step (10), and if not, executing the step (12);

(12) judging whether the singlechip receives a high level signal of the second Hall chip, and if so, executing the step (2); if not, executing step (13);

(13) judging whether the singlechip receives the next high-level signal of the first Hall chip or not, and if not, skipping to the step (12) for cyclic waiting; if yes, executing step (14);

(14) the single chip microcomputer outputs a high level signal to the ECU, and the ECU locks the opening of the steering engine and the fuel injection duty ratio of the fuel injector after receiving the high level signal, so that the rotating speed of the engine is stabilized at the current value; judging the interval time T of two adjacent first Hall chip high-level signals collected by the singlechip₁The interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent first Hall chips when the propeller hub rotates in the last period₀If the difference value is not in the set range, judging that the acquired high-level signal is an interference signal and filtering the interference signal, and jumping to the step (1) after jumping to the step (9); if the current time is within the set range, executing the step (15) and the step (16) and then jumping to the step (10);

(15) the second Hall chip reports faults and releases the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(16) delay T_N1-Q×T_N1/360 ignition, T_N1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high level signal of the first Hall chip and the rising edge of the high level signal of the last first Hall chip or T_N1The duration between the high level signal falling edge of the first hall chip and the high level signal falling edge of the last first hall chip is ms.

Has the advantages that: compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages:

(1) according to the invention, the engine ignition mode is divided into a starting ignition mode, a high-speed ignition mode and a conventional ignition mode according to the engine speed, so that the engine is started more easily, and the high-speed ignition moment is more accurate;

(2) when the engine runs at a low speed, the time for the engine to rotate for one circle is long, the rotating speed of the engine to rotate for one circle is not changed at a constant speed, the error of the ignition time is calculated in an estimation mode, and the found top dead center position is inaccurate;

(3) when the engine runs at a high speed, the ignition time interval of each circle is very short, the phenomenon that the running time sequence of a single chip microcomputer program is tense due to the fact that the ignition advance angle is calculated by each circle, the optimal ignition time is easily missed, and the like can be easily caused;

(4) under the conventional ignition mode, the method can accurately find the value of the optimal ignition advance angle set under the corresponding rotating speed, and ensure the stable work of the engine;

(5) when two homopolar signals are detected, the steering engine opening degree and the oil injection duty ratio are locked, on the premise of stabilizing the rotating speed of the engine, the principle that the rotating speeds of the front circle and the rear circle are basically stable under the steady-state working condition of the engine is utilized, the ignition signal interference is eliminated, the fault alarm of the Hall sensor is carried out, the judgment result is stable and reliable, and the reliability of the engine is effectively improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a system composition diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a phase diagram of the start-up ignition mode of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a phase diagram of the high speed ignition mode of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a graph showing the ignition delay time T of the present invention using the second Hall chip as the rotational speed signal source₃Calculating a schematic diagram;

FIG. 6 is an ignition delay period T of the present invention using a first Hall chip as a rotational speed signal source₃Calculating a schematic diagram;

FIG. 7 is a logic diagram for judging the malfunction and interference of the Hall chip according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the attached drawings.

Example 1

As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the ignition control system of the aviation piston engine comprises a propeller hub 1, a first magnet 2, a hall sensor 3, an engine box 4, a crankshaft connecting rod 5, a piston 6, a second magnet 7, an ignition control unit 8, a spark plug 9, an ignition coil 10, a first hall chip 11, a second hall chip 12, a steering engine 13, an oil injector 14 and an ECU 15. The engine motion mechanism is positioned in an engine box body 4, the Hall sensor 3 is installed on the engine box body 4, two unipolar Hall chips are arranged in the Hall sensor 3 and respectively comprise a first Hall chip 11 and a second Hall chip 12, the first Hall chip 11 is an N-polarity Hall chip, and the second Hall chip 12 is an S-polarity Hall chip; the engine motion mechanism comprises a crankshaft connecting rod 5, a piston 6 and a propeller hub 1, a first magnet 2 and a second magnet 7 are buried in the propeller hub 1, the first magnet is an N-pole magnet, the exposed surface of the first magnet 2 is an N pole, the second magnet is an S-pole magnet, the exposed surface of the second magnet 7 is an S pole, the propeller hub 1 is installed on the crankshaft connecting rod 5, and the piston 6 is installed on the crankshaft connecting rod 5. As shown in fig. 3 and 4, the N-pole magnet rotates to the hall sensor position and corresponds to the engine top dead center position, and the S-pole magnet rotates to the hall sensor position and corresponds to the engine maximum ignition advance position.

The ignition control unit 8 is connected with the Hall sensor 3, and an ignition coil 10 and a spark plug 9 are sequentially connected to the ignition control unit; the single chip microcomputer is also connected with an ECU15, and the ECU15 is respectively connected with the steering engine 13 and the fuel injector 14. The ignition control unit 8 comprises a single chip microcomputer, a DC-AC booster, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) and an energy storage capacitor C, wherein the single chip microcomputer is provided with an I01 pin, an I02 pin, an I03 pin and an I04 pin, the I01 pin and the I02 pin of the single chip microcomputer are connected with the Hall sensor 3, the I03 pin of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR), and the I04 pin of the single chip microcomputer is connected with the ECU; one interface of the DC-AC booster is connected with +12V, one interface of the DC-AC booster is grounded, one interface of the DC-AC booster is connected with the energy storage capacitor C, one interface of the DC-AC booster is connected with the silicon controlled rectifier SCR, one interface of the silicon controlled rectifier SCR is grounded, and one interface of the energy storage capacitor C is connected with the primary coil of the ignition coil 10. The single chip microcomputer calculates the rotating speed of an engine and the position of a piston relative to a top dead center according to two groups of Hall pulse signals received by pins I01 and I02, an ignition mode is selected, a pin I03 of the single chip microcomputer outputs a high level signal to enable a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) to be switched on, an energy storage capacitor C discharges and induces high voltage on an ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on a spark plug to ignite mixed gas in an engine cylinder, after ignition is finished, the single chip microcomputer of an ignition control unit outputs a low level signal, the Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is switched off, and a DC-AC booster inverts 12V direct current into 300V direct current to charge the energy storage capacitor C and store ignition energy for the next ignition period. According to the invention, the engine ignition mode is divided into a starting ignition mode, a high-speed ignition mode and a conventional ignition mode according to the engine speed.

When the engine is started, the crankshaft connecting rod rotates 360 degrees, the N-pole magnet and the S-pole magnet rotate to the position of the Hall sensor along with the engine movement mechanism to trigger the S-pole Hall chip and the N-pole Hall chip of the Hall sensor to generate Hall pulse signals respectively, the ignition control unit calculates the rotating speed N of the engine according to the time difference of the rising edges of two adjacent Hall pulse signals with the same polarity, and when the rotating speed of the engine is lower than the set rotating speed N₁When the ignition control unit operates the starting ignition mode; when the engine speed is higher than the set speed N₂When the ignition control unit operates the high-speed ignition mode; when the engine speed is N₁~ N₂In between, the ignition control unit operates the normal ignition mode. The specific calculation formula of the engine speed N is as follows:

wherein T is₁The rising edge time difference or the falling edge time difference, T, of two adjacent hall pulse signals with the same polarity₁The unit is ms, and the unit of N is r/min.

The invention discloses a control method of an ignition control system of an aviation piston engine, which comprises the following steps:

when the engine is started, the crankshaft connecting rod rotates 360 degrees, the N-pole magnet continuously induces a high-level pulse signal on the N-pole Hall chip of the Hall sensor twice, or the S-pole magnet continuously induces a high-level pulse signal on the S-pole Hall chip of the Hall sensor twice, and the ignition control unit induces a high-level pulse signal according to two adjacent Hall pulse signals with the same polarityRising edge time difference or falling edge time difference T₁The engine speed N is calculated as follows:

wherein T is₁The unit is ms; the unit of N is r/min; when the engine speed N is lower than the set speed N₁When the ignition control unit operates the starting ignition mode; when the engine speed N is higher than the set speed N₂When the ignition control unit operates the high-speed ignition mode; when the engine speed is N_1~N₂In between, the ignition control unit operates the conventional ignition mode;

when N is present<N₁When the engine is started, the ignition control unit judges that the engine is in a starting stage, and the ignition control unit enters a starting ignition mode; the crankshaft connecting rod drives the propeller hub to rotate, the N-pole magnet and the S-pole magnet rotate together with the propeller hub, when the N-pole magnet rotates to the position of the Hall sensor, the N-pole Hall chip in the Hall sensor senses high level and transmits the high level to the single chip microcomputer I01, and at the moment, the piston is positioned at the top of the cylinder body, namely at the top dead center position; an I03 pin of a singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a high-level signal, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is switched on, an energy storage capacitor (C) and a primary coil of an ignition coil form a discharge loop through the SCR, the energy storage capacitor (C) discharges and generates current in the primary coil of the ignition coil, so that high voltage is induced in a secondary coil of the ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on a spark plug, and mixed gas in an engine cylinder is ignited; at the moment, the resistance of the reciprocating motion of the piston is minimum, and the engine is most easy to start; after ignition is finished, a pin I03 of a singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a low level signal, the SCR is turned off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period.

When N is present>N₂When the engine is in a high-speed stage, the ignition control unit judges that the engine is in a high-speed stage and enters a high-speed ignition mode; when the engine runs at a high speed, the ignition interval time of each circle is very short, and the optimal ignition time can be missed by calculating the ignition advance angle of each circle; the invention is used as the S poleWhen the magnet rotates to the position of the Hall sensor, the S-polarity Hall chip senses high level, and the piston is positioned at the maximum ignition advance angle Q_maxIn the position, a pin I03 of a singlechip of an ignition control unit outputs high level, a Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) is conducted, an energy storage capacitor (C) and a primary coil of an ignition coil form a discharge loop through the SCR, the energy storage capacitor (C) discharges and generates current in the primary coil of the ignition coil, so that high voltage is induced in a secondary coil of the ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on a spark plug, mixed gas in an engine cylinder is ignited, and the ignition timeliness of the engine during high-speed operation is effectively improved; after ignition is finished, a pin I03 of a singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a low level signal, the SCR is turned off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period.

When N is present₁≤N≤N₂When the engine is in the normal rotation speed stage, the ignition control unit enters a normal ignition mode; the singlechip finds the value Q of the optimal ignition advance angle set under the corresponding rotating speed, calculates the time T required by the piston to move to the set ignition time point after receiving the high-level pulse signal of the S-polarity Hall chip or the N-polarity Hall chip according to the rotating speed₃(ii) a When T is₃After the timing is finished, a pin I03 of a singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a high-level signal, the SCR is conducted, the energy storage capacitor C and a primary coil of the ignition coil form a discharge loop through the SCR, the energy storage capacitor C discharges and generates current in the primary coil of the ignition coil, so that high voltage is induced in a secondary coil of the ignition coil, electric sparks are generated on a spark plug, mixed gas in an engine cylinder is ignited, and the power stroke of the engine is completed; after ignition is finished, a pin I03 of a singlechip of the ignition control unit outputs a low level signal, the SCR is turned off, and the DC-AC booster charges the energy storage capacitor C to store ignition energy for the next ignition period.

As shown in fig. 5, when the S-polarity hall chip is used as the acquisition parameter T₃Signal source of, T₃The calculation formula is as follows:

wherein T is_S1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the S-polarity Hall chip and the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last S-polarity Hall chip or T_S1The duration between the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the S-polarity Hall chip and the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last S-polarity Hall chip is ms;

as shown in FIG. 6, when the N-polarity Hall chip is used as the acquisition parameter T₃Signal source of, T₃The calculation formula of (2) is as follows:

wherein T is_N1Is the time length or T between the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the N-polarity Hall chip and the rising edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last N-polarity Hall chip_N1The duration between the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the N-polarity Hall chip and the falling edge of the high-level pulse signal of the last N-polarity Hall chip is ms.

Normal firing signal in the present invention: an I01 pin and an I02 caster flow of the single chip microcomputer receive a high level signal generated by the S-polarity Hall chip and a high level signal generated by the N-polarity Hall chip. When the single chip receives a high-level signal generated by a continuous N-polarity or S-polarity Hall chip, the signal may be a signal generated by interference or a fault generated by one Hall chip.

Judging the principle: when two continuous hall signals with the same polarity are received, an I04 pin of a singlechip in an ignition control unit sends a high level signal to an ECU (electronic control Unit), the ECU locks the opening of a steering engine to be fixed at a current value, and locks the oil injection duty ratio of an oil injector to be a current value, so that the rotating speed of an engine is kept to be basically stable, and then the interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent hall chips is collected₁If T is₁If the signal is not in the rotating speed fluctuation range of the engine and is a disturbance signal, the signal is not taken as an ignition control signal and is eliminated, and if the signal is collected and connectedInterval time T of continuous Hall chip high level signal₁And these T' s₁And if the voltage is within the rotating speed fluctuation range of the engine, a corresponding Hall chip fault alarm is sent out, and the ignition system enters a single Hall operation mode. Because it is the interference judgment made under the condition of stable engine speed, T₁The fluctuation range of the rotating speed is very small, so the interference judgment precision of the invention is much higher than that of other interference judgment programs.

As shown in fig. 7, in a conventional ignition mode, two unipolar hall chips, namely a first hall chip 11 and a second hall chip 12, are arranged inside the hall sensor 3, where the first hall chip 11 is an N-polarity hall chip, and the second hall chip 12 is an S-polarity hall chip; the first magnet is an N-pole magnet, the exposed surface of the first magnet 2 is an N pole, the second magnet is an S-pole magnet, the exposed surface of the second magnet 7 is an S pole, the N-pole magnet corresponds to the top dead center position of the engine when rotating to the position of the Hall sensor, and the S-pole magnet corresponds to the maximum ignition advance angle position of the engine when rotating to the position of the Hall sensor. The invention relates to an interference elimination and fault diagnosis method for an ignition control system of an aviation piston engine, which comprises the following steps of:

(1) the single chip microcomputer judges whether a high level signal of the second Hall chip is received or not, and if the high level signal is not received, the step (10) is executed; if so, executing the step (2) and the step (3);

(2) time delay (Q)_max-Q)×T_S1/360 ignition, T_S1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high level signal of the second Hall chip and the rising edge of the high level signal of the last second Hall chip or T_S1The duration between the high level signal falling edge of the second Hall chip and the high level signal falling edge of the last second Hall chip is ms;

(3) judging whether the first Hall chip reports faults or not, if so, executing a single Hall operation mode, directly executing the step (1), and if not, executing the step (4);

(4) judging whether the single chip microcomputer receives a high level signal of the first Hall chip, if so, executing the step (11) and the step (16) in sequence and then turning to the step (10); if not, executing the step (5);

(5) judging whether the singlechip receives the next high-level signal of the second Hall chip or not, and if not, skipping to the step (4) for cyclic waiting; if so, executing the step (6) and the step (7);

(6) the single chip microcomputer outputs a high level signal to the ECU, and the ECU locks the opening of the steering engine and the fuel injection duty ratio of the fuel injector after receiving the high level signal, so that the rotating speed of the engine is stabilized at the current value;

(7) and judging the interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent second Hall chips collected by the singlechip₁The interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent second Hall chips when the propeller hub rotates in the last period₀If the difference value is not in the set range, judging that the acquired high-level signal is an interference signal and filtering, and skipping to execute the step (9) and the step (1); if the current time is within the set range, jumping to the step (2) after the step (8) is executed;

(8) the first Hall chip reports faults and releases the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(9) releasing the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(10) judging whether the single chip microcomputer receives a high level signal of the first Hall chip, and if so, executing the step (11); if not, executing the step (1);

(11) judging whether the second Hall chip reports faults or not, if so, executing a single Hall operation mode, directly executing the step (16) and then jumping to the step (10), and if not, executing the step (12);

(12) judging whether the singlechip receives a high level signal of the second Hall chip, and if so, executing the step (2); if not, executing step (13);

(13) judging whether the singlechip receives the next high-level signal of the first Hall chip or not, and if not, skipping to the step (12) for cyclic waiting; if yes, executing step (14);

(14) the singlechip outputs a high-level signal toThe ECU locks the opening degree of the steering engine and the fuel injection duty ratio of the fuel injector after receiving the high level signal, so that the rotating speed of the engine is stabilized at the current value; judging the interval time T of two adjacent first Hall chip high-level signals collected by the singlechip₁The interval time T of the high level signals of two adjacent first Hall chips when the propeller hub rotates in the last period₀If the difference value is not in the set range, judging that the acquired high-level signal is an interference signal and filtering the interference signal, and jumping to the step (1) after jumping to the step (9); if the current time is within the set range, executing the step (15) and the step (16) and then jumping to the step (10);

(15) the second Hall chip reports faults and releases the locking of the steering engine and the oil injector;

(16) delay T_N1-Q×T_N1/360 ignition, T_N1Is the time length between the rising edge of the high level signal of the first Hall chip and the rising edge of the high level signal of the last first Hall chip or T_N1The duration between the high level signal falling edge of the first hall chip and the high level signal falling edge of the last first hall chip is ms.

Example 2

Example 2 is the same as example 1, except that: two unipolar hall chips, namely a first hall chip 11 and a second hall chip 12, are arranged in the hall sensor 3, wherein the first hall chip 11 is an S-polarity hall chip, and the second hall chip 12 is an N-polarity hall chip; the first magnet is an S-pole magnet, the exposed surface of the first magnet 2 is an S pole, the second magnet is an N-pole magnet, the exposed surface of the second magnet 7 is an N pole, the S-pole magnet corresponds to the top dead center position of the engine when rotating to the position of the Hall sensor, and the N-pole magnet corresponds to the maximum ignition advance angle position of the engine when rotating to the position of the Hall sensor.