阅读说明：本技术 一种利用微生物得到适用于绿叶蔬菜的液肥及制备方法 (Liquid fertilizer obtained by using microorganisms and suitable for green leaf vegetables and preparation method thereof ) 是由 郑殿峰 郑殿德 冯乃杰 于 2021-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种利用微生物得到适用于绿叶蔬菜的液肥及制备方法,包括微生物发酵菌液1-5份、有机肥10-35份、营养元素2-5份、叶绿素2-5份、钾盐5-10份和水10-20份,微生物发酵菌液为白及内生木霉菌和杜仲内生菌分别经培养基发酵后得到的发酵菌液。其制备过程为将微生物加入一定比例的碳源和氮源后进行发酵,得到的微生物发酵菌液再添加进有机肥中进行二次发酵后,进行固液分离,将二次发酵液加入处方量的营养元素、叶绿素、磷酸二氢钾搅拌使其溶解,即得。能够解决绿叶蔬菜农药残留易超标问题及化肥长期过量使用导致的食品安全和环境问题,在保证肥料能够提供充足和各种养分的同时,增加具有防治病虫害功能的天然有效成分,既方便农户操作,降低人工成本,又减少了化肥和农药的使用,达到提高绿叶蔬菜食用的安全性和有效利用富营养发酵液的目的,做到了绿色环保。(The invention discloses a liquid fertilizer suitable for green leaf vegetables and a preparation method thereof, wherein the liquid fertilizer is obtained by utilizing microorganisms, and comprises 1-5 parts of microbial zymogen liquid, 10-35 parts of organic fertilizer, 2-5 parts of nutrient elements, 2-5 parts of chlorophyll, 5-10 parts of potassium salt and 10-20 parts of water, wherein the microbial zymogen liquid is zymogen liquid obtained by fermenting bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma and eucommia ulmoides endophytic fungi respectively through culture media. The preparation process comprises the steps of adding a carbon source and a nitrogen source into microorganisms in a certain proportion, then fermenting, adding the obtained microorganism zymocyte liquid into an organic fertilizer, carrying out secondary fermentation, carrying out solid-liquid separation, adding nutrient elements, chlorophyll and potassium dihydrogen phosphate in the amount according to the prescription, and stirring to dissolve the nutrient elements, chlorophyll and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. The problem that pesticide residues of green-leaf vegetables are prone to exceeding standards and the problem that the chemical fertilizer is prone to being used excessively for a long time and causing food safety and environment problems can be solved, the natural effective ingredients with the function of preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests are added while the fertilizer is guaranteed to be capable of providing sufficient and various nutrients, operation of farmers is facilitated, labor cost is reduced, the use of the chemical fertilizer and the pesticide is reduced, the purposes of improving edible safety of the green-leaf vegetables and effectively utilizing rich nutrient fermentation liquor are achieved, and green and environment-friendly effects are achieved.)

1. A liquid fertilizer suitable for green leaf vegetables is obtained by utilizing microorganisms, and is characterized by comprising, by weight, 5-15% of microbial zymogen liquid, 35-50% of organic fertilizer, 3-5% of nutrient elements, 2-5% of chlorophyll, 5-10% of potash fertilizer and 15-50% of water, wherein the microbial zymogen liquid is zymogen liquid obtained by fermenting bletilla endophytic trichoderma and eucommia ulmoides endophytic fungi respectively through culture media.

2. A preparation method for obtaining a liquid fertilizer suitable for green leaf vegetables by using microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma fermentation bacterial liquid: adding 1-3 wt% of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma into 97-99 wt% of culture medium according to the weight percentage, naturally adjusting the pH value, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 3-7 days to obtain the product;

(2) preparing eucommia ulmoides endophyte zymocyte liquid: adding 5-10 wt% of eucommia ulmoides endophyte according to the weight percentage

Adjusting pH to 6.8-8.0 in 90-95 wt% culture medium, and fermenting at 30 deg.C for 3-7 days to obtain the final product;

(3) organic fertilizer fermentation: adding C-type bacteria into the organic fertilizer, fermenting for 1-3 days, boiling the fermentation liquor, and cooling to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;

(4) secondary fermentation of organic fertilizer: mixing bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma starter bacteria liquid, eucommia ulmoides endophytic bacteria starter bacteria liquid and organic liquid fertilizer according to the following weight ratio: bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma fermentation broth: eucommia ulmoides endophyte zymogen liquid: 1-5 parts of organic liquid fertilizer: 4-10: 35-50, and performing secondary fermentation at 30 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer;

(5) mixing: adding 3-5 wt% of nutrient elements, 2-5 wt% of chlorophyll, 5-10 wt% of potash fertilizer and 15-50 wt% of water into the mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer, and stirring to dissolve the nutrient elements, thereby obtaining the fertilizer.

3. The method for preparing liquid fertilizer suitable for green leaf vegetables by using microorganisms according to claim 2, wherein the culture medium in step (1) is 50-70 wt% of corn flour; gluten powder 1-5.0 wt%; 0.5-1 wt% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; 10.0 wt% of bran; (NH4)₂SO₄1.0 wt%; 2.0 wt% of calcium carbonate and 15-40wt% of sterile water.

4. The method for preparing a liquid fertilizer for green leaf vegetables using microorganisms according to claim 2, wherein the culture medium in step (2) comprises 1-2 wt% of yeast extract, 1-5 wt% of sodium acetate, 0-1 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0-1 wt% of magnesium sulfate, and 91-96 wt% of sterile water.

5. The liquid fertilizer for green leaf vegetables obtained by using microorganisms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer comprises natural carbon sources and natural nitrogen sources.

6. The liquid fertilizer applicable to green leaf vegetables obtained by using microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient elements comprise vitamins, amino acids and trace elements.

7. The liquid fertilizer applicable to green leaf vegetables obtained by using microorganisms as claimed in claim 1, wherein the trace elements are zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron, calcium and silicon.

8. The liquid fertilizer for green leaf vegetables obtained by using microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the group C bacteria include any one or more of Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, Aspergillus, Saccharomyces, aspartic proteinase, and amylolytic enzymes.

9. The liquid fertilizer applicable to green leaf vegetables obtained by using microorganisms according to claim 1, wherein the potassium fertilizer is potassium fulvate, and the green leaf vegetables are lettuce.

10. The method for preparing liquid fertilizer suitable for green leaf vegetables by using microorganisms according to claim 2, wherein the bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma starter culture liquid, the eucommia ulmoides endophytic starter culture liquid and the organic liquid fertilizer in the step (4) are mixed according to the following weight ratio: bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma fermentation broth: eucommia ulmoides endophyte zymogen liquid: the organic liquid fertilizer is 2: 5: 40.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a liquid fertilizer, in particular to a preparation method and a preparation method of the liquid fertilizer which is obtained by using microorganisms and is suitable for green-leaf vegetables.

Background

With the continuous development of social life, the demand of people for various crops is continuously increased, so that the obvious yield and income increase is realized by using a large amount of chemical fertilizers in agricultural production, chemical fertilizers of any type and form cannot be completely absorbed and utilized by plants, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizers is 30-60%, the utilization rate of phosphate fertilizers is 2-25%, and the utilization rate of potassium fertilizers is 30-60%, so that a large amount of resources are wasted and various environmental problems are caused by long-term application of the chemical fertilizers, such as damage to soil structures, hardening and salinization of soil, eutrophication of water bodies, water source pollution and the like, and the chemical fertilizers have certain limitations on nutrient elements provided for the growth of crops, and the problems of uneven growth of plants, reduction of disease and insect resistance and the like are easily caused. The dosage of the fertilizer and the dosage and frequency of the pesticide are increased, thereby forming a vicious circle.

In recent years, people's awareness of environmental protection is continuously strengthened, the environmental protection becomes the mainstream trend at present, and organic fertilizer has more comprehensive nutrient substances, can directly spray organic liquid fertilizer on plant leaf surfaces or roots after being diluted, and can be quickly absorbed by crops, thereby reducing the influence of the fertilizer on soil. The biological pesticide produces more eutrophic wastewater through fermentation, and the direct discharge of the eutrophic wastewater causes water environment, so the eutrophic fermented water needs to be recycled and effectively utilized.

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a liquid fertilizer preparation method for green leaf vegetables by utilizing microorganisms and a preparation method thereof, aiming at the problems that pesticide residues of crops, particularly the green leaf vegetables with overground parts as edible parts are easy to exceed the standard and food safety and environmental problems are caused by long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and the natural active ingredients with the functions of killing insects and sterilizing are added while the fertilizer can provide sufficient and various nutrients, so that the operation of farmers is facilitated, the labor cost is reduced, the use of the chemical fertilizers and the pesticides is reduced, the edible safety of the green leaf vegetables can be improved, rich nutrient fermentation liquor can be effectively utilized, and the green environmental protection is realized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a liquid fertilizer prepared from microorganisms and suitable for green leaf vegetables, and a preparation method and application thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a liquid fertilizer suitable for green leaf vegetables is obtained by utilizing microorganisms, and is characterized by comprising, by weight, 5-15% of microbial zymogen liquid, 35-50% of organic fertilizer, 3-5% of nutrient elements, 2-5% of chlorophyll, 5-10% of potash fertilizer and 15-50% of water, wherein the microbial zymogen liquid is zymogen liquid obtained by fermenting bletilla endophytic trichoderma and eucommia ulmoides endophytic fungi respectively through culture media.

A preparation method for obtaining a liquid fertilizer suitable for green leaf vegetables by using microorganisms is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma fermentation bacterial liquid: adding 1-3 wt% of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma into 97-99 wt% of culture medium according to the weight percentage, naturally adjusting the pH value, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 3-7 days to obtain the product.

(2) Preparing eucommia ulmoides endophyte zymocyte liquid: adding 5-10 wt% of eucommia ulmoides endophyte into 90-95 wt% of culture medium according to the weight percentage, adjusting the pH value to 6.8-8.0, and fermenting for 3-7 days at 30 ℃ to obtain the eucommia ulmoides endophyte;

(3) organic fertilizer fermentation: adding C-type bacteria into the organic fertilizer, fermenting for 1-3 days, boiling the fermentation liquor, and cooling to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;

(4) secondary fermentation of organic fertilizer: mixing bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma starter bacteria liquid, eucommia ulmoides endophytic bacteria starter bacteria liquid and organic liquid fertilizer according to the following weight ratio: bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma fermentation broth: eucommia ulmoides endophyte zymogen liquid: 1-5 parts of organic liquid fertilizer: 4-10: 35-50, and performing secondary fermentation at 30 ℃ to obtain a mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer;

(5) mixing: adding 3-5 wt% of nutrient elements, 2-5 wt% of chlorophyll, 5-10 wt% of potash fertilizer and 15-50 wt% of water into the mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer, and stirring to dissolve the nutrient elements, thereby obtaining the fertilizer.

Further, the culture medium in the step (1) is 50-70 wt% of corn flour; gluten powder 1-5.0 wt%; 0.5-1 wt% of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate; 10.0 wt% of bran; (NH4)₂SO₄1.0 wt%; 2.0 wt% of calcium carbonate and 15-40wt% of sterile water.

Further, the culture medium in the step (2) is 1-2 wt% of yeast extract, 1-5 wt% of sodium acetate, 0-1 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0-1 wt% of magnesium sulfate and 91-96 wt% of sterile water.

Further, the organic fertilizer comprises a natural carbon source and a natural nitrogen source.

Further, the nutrient elements comprise vitamins, amino acids and trace elements.

Further, the trace elements are zinc, manganese, magnesium, iron, calcium and silicon.

Further, the C-type bacteria include any one or more of bacillus subtilis, lactobacillus, aspergillus, yeast, aspartic protease and amylolytic enzyme.

Further, the potassium fertilizer is potassium fulvate.

Preferably, the green leaf vegetable is lettuce.

Further, the bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma starter culture solution, the eucommia ulmoides endophytic fungi starter culture solution and the organic liquid fertilizer are mixed according to the following weight ratio in the step (4): bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma fermentation broth: eucommia ulmoides endophyte zymogen liquid: the organic liquid fertilizer is 2: 5: 40.

examples

Example 1

(1) Weighing corn flour 70g, gluten powder 5.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5g, bran 10.0g, (NH4)₂SO₄1L of sterile water was added to 1.0g of calcium carbonate and 2.0g of calcium carbonate. Preparing corresponding culture medium, adding 970g of culture medium into 30g of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 3 days under natural pH value to obtain the product.

(2) Weighing 20g of yeast extract, 50g of sodium acetate, 1g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1g of magnesium sulfate and sterile water, supplementing the weight to 1000g for later use, adding 950g of the culture medium into 50g of eucommia ulmoides endophyte, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 4 days to obtain the eucommia ulmoides oliver extract.

(3) Adding aspartic protease and amylase into 10kg of corn flour, 12kg of fish protein raw pulp and 3kg of bean pulp, fermenting for 2 days, boiling and cooling fermentation liquor to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;

(4) mixing 1kg of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma starter culture solution, 1kg of eucommia ulmoides endophytic starter culture solution and 25kg of organic liquid fertilizer at 30 ℃ for secondary fermentation to obtain mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer;

(5) adding 1kg of vitamins and 1kg of amino acids, 2kg of chlorophyll and 3kg of potassium fulvate into 27kg of the mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer, adding water to complement to 50kg, and stirring to dissolve the mixture to obtain the fertilizer.

Example 2

(1) Weighing corn flour 70g, gluten powder 5.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5g, bran 10.0g, (NH4)₂SO₄1L of sterile water was added to 1.0g of calcium carbonate and 2.0g of calcium carbonate. Preparing corresponding culture medium, adding 970g of culture medium into 30g of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 3 days under natural pH value to obtain the product.

(2) Weighing 20g of yeast extract, 50g of sodium acetate, 1g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 1g of magnesium sulfate and sterile water, supplementing the weight to 1000g for later use, adding 950g of the culture medium into 50g of eucommia ulmoides endophyte, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 4 days to obtain the eucommia ulmoides oliver extract.

(3) Adding aspartic protease and amylase into 5kg of corn flour, 17kg of fish protein raw pulp and 3kg of bean pulp, fermenting for 3 days, boiling and cooling fermentation liquor to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;

(4) mixing 1kg of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma starter culture solution, 1kg of eucommia ulmoides endophytic starter culture solution and 25kg of organic liquid fertilizer at 30 ℃ for secondary fermentation to obtain mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer;

(5) adding 1kg of vitamins and 1kg of amino acids, 2kg of chlorophyll and 3kg of potassium fulvate into 27kg of the mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer, adding water to complement to 50kg, and stirring to dissolve the mixture to obtain the fertilizer.

Example 3

(1) Weighing corn flour 70g, gluten powder 5.0g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.5g, bran 10.0g, (NH4)₂SO₄1L of sterile water was added to 1.0g of calcium carbonate and 2.0g of calcium carbonate. Preparing corresponding culture medium, collectingAdding 30g of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma into 970g of culture medium, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 3 days under a natural pH value to obtain the product.

(2) Weighing 60g of yeast extract, 150g of sodium acetate, 3g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 3g of magnesium sulfate and sterile water to supplement the weight to 3000g for standby, adding 2850g of the culture medium into 150g of eucommia ulmoides endophyte, adjusting the pH value to 7.0, and fermenting at 30 ℃ for 4 days to obtain the compound microbial inoculum.

(3) Adding aspartic protease and amylase into 2kg of corn flour, 15kg of fish protein raw pulp and 3kg of bean pulp, fermenting for 3 days, boiling and cooling fermentation liquor to obtain an organic liquid fertilizer;

(4) mixing 1kg of bletilla striata endophytic trichoderma starter culture liquid, 2.5kg of eucommia ulmoides endophytic starter culture liquid and 20kg of organic liquid fertilizer at 30 ℃ for secondary fermentation to obtain mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer;

(5) adding 1kg of vitamins and 1kg of amino acids, 2kg of chlorophyll and 4kg of potassium fulvate into 23.5kg of the mixed bacterial liquid fertilizer, adding water to make the mixture fully reach 50kg, and stirring to dissolve the mixture to obtain the fertilizer.

Comparative example 1

The procedure was the same as in example 1, except that no bletilla striata and trichoderma endophytum solution was added, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 1.

Comparative example 2

The procedure was the same as in example 1, except that the eucommia ulmoides oliver fermentation broth was not added, and the procedure was otherwise the same as in example 1.

Controlling effect of plant diseases and insect pests

Example 4

The experiment is divided into 5 experimental groups, randomly arranged in groups, respectively sprayed with the liquid fertilizers obtained in the example 1, the example 2, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2, and set up a group of control groups and a group of blank control groups, wherein the experimental area is 20.0m²

Control group: conventional fertilization and spraying disease-preventing insect-resist agent treatment, on the basis of conventional fertilization, 3-5 kilograms of disease-preventing insect-resist agent (diluted 500 times) is poured per mu during seedling planting.

Experimental groups: liquid fertilizers obtained in example 1, example 2, example 3, comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are respectively sprayed.

Lettuce is planted in each group of experimental fields, the liquid fertilizer spraying mode is used in the same way as the fertilization habit of local vegetable growers, and the specific data of the pest control effect and the yield increase effect of each group are as follows:

as can be seen from the lettuce yield increase results, the yield increase effect of the embodiments 1-3 is obviously superior to that of the control group and the blank group, and the yield increase effect of the liquid fertilizer obtained in the comparative examples 1-2 is obviously superior to that of the blank group and slightly superior to that of the control group, which indicates that the fertility of the liquid fertilizer can be effectively improved by the secondary fermentation of endophyte liquid; it can be seen from the control results of two diseases of lettuce, that the control effects of examples 1 to 3 are obviously better than those of the blank group and the control group, the control effects of comparative examples 1 to 2 are lower than those of the control group and better than those of the blank group, and the control effects of downy mildew and sclerotinia sclerotiorum of comparative examples 1 to 2 are obviously different, which shows that the zymocyte liquids of the endophytic trichoderma of bletilla striata and the endophytic fungi of eucommia ulmoides have different antibacterial activities, have synergistic effects of the two, the combined use effect is obviously higher than that of one of the two, the control increase degree of the downy mildew of lettuce is higher, and certain selectivity is achieved.

Example 5

The experiment is divided into 5 experimental groups, the experimental groups are randomly arranged in groups, the liquid fertilizers obtained in the example 1, the example 2, the comparative example 1 and the comparative example 2 are respectively sprayed, a group of control groups and a group of blank control groups are established, the solutions of the experimental groups and the control groups are respectively sprayed on lettuce experimental plants without being infected by aphids, then 100 mature aphids are grafted on each lettuce, after 24 hours, the aphid inhibition rate is counted, 6 groups are parallel, and the average value is counted.

Group of	Aphid inhibition rate%
		Example 1	87.47
Example 2	88.73
		Example 3	94.33
Comparative example 1	38.09
		Comparative example 2	62.43
Control group	83.29
		Blank group	0

The results show that the control effect of the liquid fertilizer obtained in the example 1-2 on the lettuce aphids is equivalent to that of the control group and superior to that of the blank group, and the control effect of the liquid fertilizer obtained in the example 3 on the lettuce aphids is superior to that of the control group and the blank group, which shows that the liquid fertilizer has the control effect on the lettuce aphids and the effect is superior to that of common pesticides at the optimal proportioning value, while the control effect of the liquid fertilizer obtained in the comparative example 1-2 on the lettuce aphids is superior to that of the blank group and is weaker than that of the control group, and the control effect of the liquid fertilizer obtained in the comparative example 1 without adding the bletilla striata endophyte fermentation liquid on the aphids is obviously reduced, which shows that the bletilla striata endophyte fermentation liquid plays a main role in controlling the aphids, and the eucommia ulmoides endophyte fermentation liquid has a synergistic effect with the liquid and the control effect on the aphids is obviously superior to that of the liquid fertilizer is used alone.

The downy mildew, sclerotinia rot and aphid are the main pests and diseases of lettuce, the disease resistance of plants can be improved by applying liquid fertilizer for spraying treatment, and the pests and diseases of lettuce can be reduced.

The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.