阅读说明：本技术 岩溶石山地区耕作层剥离的方法 (Method for stripping plough layer in karst rocky mountain area ) 是由 贺斐 甘昉 郑丛旭 林庆超 方彦 陆英睿 韦羡侠 于 2021-06-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种岩溶石山地区耕作层剥离的方法,包括以下步骤：对所有需要进行耕作层剥离的耕地进行信息采集和分组；对耕地进行信息采集后,将耕地分为剥离耕地和非剥离耕地；然后对剥离耕地进行分组,将分布在同一个山坡上的耕地设置为一个小组,每个小组设置一个土壤暂存点,并且使得小组内每块耕地至土壤暂存点的运输距离之和最小；进行耕作层剥离；沿着坡面的耕地横向行进,剥离同一高度的耕作层,再从坡顶向坡底行进,完成整个耕地的耕作层剥离；之后对被剥离耕作层的耕地进行土方回填,并在耕地内修建排水系统；将土壤运输到土壤暂存点,并存放至储存平台上；所述的土壤暂存点包括遮雨棚、储存平台。(The invention discloses a method for stripping a plough layer in a karst rocky mountain area, which comprises the following steps: collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; after information acquisition is carried out on the cultivated land, dividing the cultivated land into a stripped cultivated land and a non-stripped cultivated land; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same slope into small groups, setting a temporary soil storage point for each small group, and enabling the sum of the transportation distances from each farmland to the temporary soil storage point in each small group to be minimum; stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land; transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the soil temporary storage point comprises a rain shelter and a storage platform.)

1. A method for stripping a plough layer in a karst rocky mountain area is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

1) collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; after information acquisition is carried out on the cultivated land, dividing the cultivated land into a stripped cultivated land and a non-stripped cultivated land; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same hillside into small groups, and setting a soil temporary storage point for each small group; the position of the temporary soil storage point is positioned on a transportation road, and the sum of the transportation distances from each cultivated land in the group to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;

2) stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land;

3) transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the temporary soil storage point comprises a rain shelter and a storage platform; the storage platform comprises a support frame and a partition plate, and the method for storing the soil in the storage platform comprises the following steps: set up the support frame in the rainshelter, from the below up installation baffle of support frame, with soil flat bed on the baffle, the baffle of below has certain height apart from ground.

2. The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area according to claim 1, wherein: the method for collecting the farmland information comprises the following steps: each cultivated land has at least 3 sampling points, one sampling point is positioned at the center of the cultivated land, and the rest sampling points are uniformly distributed in the cultivated land;

when the area of the farmland is not more than 10 square meters, setting 3 sampling points on the farmland;

when the area of the farmland is more than 10 square meters, the number of the sampling points arranged on the farmland is according to a formulaAnd (3) calculating:

wherein n is the number of sampling points,in order to be a function of the rounding,the cultivated area is the square meter;

under the condition that the number of sampling points of the farmland is not more than 5, when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 60 percent, the farmland is regarded as being stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 60 percent and not less than 30 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 20cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; when the qualified rate of the sampling point is less than 30%, the cultivated land is regarded as a non-stripping cultivated land;

under the condition that the number of sampling points of the farmland is more than 5, when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 80%, the farmland is regarded as being stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 80 percent and not less than 20 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 50cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; and when the yield of the sampling point is less than 20%, the farmland is regarded as the non-stripping farmland.

3. The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area according to claim 1, wherein: the drainage system I comprises a drainage ditch which is built from the top of a slope to the bottom of the slope and is net-shaped.

4. The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area according to claim 1, wherein: when the soil is paved on the partition plate, the soil needs to be tamped, the height of the soil is not more than 25cm, and the distance from the partition plate to the top surface of the soil is 5-10 cm; the distance between the lowest partition plate and the ground is 10-20 cm.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soil stripping, in particular to a method for stripping a plough layer in karst rocky mountain areas.

Background

The plough layer is a soil surface layer formed by long-term cultivation, the nutrient content is rich, the root system of crops is the most dense, the soil is in a granular, granular or block structure and contains a large amount of rich organic matters required by the growth of various crops, and the growth of the planted crops is influenced once the soil of the plough layer is damaged and lost. Therefore, the stripping and recycling of the soil of the plough layer is an important work in the fields of farmland protection, land management and agricultural development in China in recent years.

When the cultivated land in the northwest of the Guizhou province is stripped and reused, the cultivated land is scattered in the inter-mountain valley due to the special landform of the northwest of the Guizhou province, particularly in the karst rocky mountain region, the land block of the cultivated land is small, the slope is large, the precipitation is large, the cultivated land is difficult to develop, and the land resource waste is caused.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a method for stripping a plough layer in a karst rocky mountain area.

The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area comprises the following steps:

1) collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; after information acquisition is carried out on the cultivated land, dividing the cultivated land into a stripped cultivated land and a non-stripped cultivated land; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same hillside into small groups, and setting a soil temporary storage point for each small group; the position of the temporary soil storage point is positioned on a transportation road, and the sum of the transportation distances from each cultivated land in the group to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;

2) stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land;

3) transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the temporary soil storage point comprises a rain shelter and a storage platform; the storage platform comprises a support frame and a partition plate, and the method for storing the soil in the storage platform comprises the following steps: set up the support frame in the rainshelter, from the below up installation baffle of support frame, with soil flat bed on the baffle, the baffle of below has certain height apart from ground.

The invention further discloses a method for collecting farmland information, which comprises the following steps: each cultivated land has at least 3 sampling points, one sampling point is positioned at the center of the cultivated land, and the rest sampling points are uniformly distributed in the cultivated land;

when the area of the farmland is not more than 10 square meters, setting 3 sampling points on the farmland;

when the area of the farmland is more than 10 square meters, the number of the sampling points arranged on the farmland is according to a formulaAnd (3) calculating:

wherein n is the number of sampling points,in order to be a function of the rounding,the cultivated area is the square meter;

under the condition that the number of sampling points of the farmland is not more than 5, when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 60 percent, the farmland is regarded as being stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 60 percent and not less than 30 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 20cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; when the qualified rate of the sampling point is less than 30%, the cultivated land is regarded as a non-stripping cultivated land;

under the condition that the number of sampling points of the farmland is more than 5, when the qualification rate of the sampling points is more than 80%, the farmland is regarded as being stripped; when the qualification rate of the sampling points is less than or equal to 80 percent and not less than 20 percent, taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, drawing a circle with the radius of 50cm, and randomly taking 2 retest points in the circle, wherein when all the retest points are qualified, the sampling points are regarded as qualified sampling points; and when the yield of the sampling point is less than 20%, the farmland is regarded as the non-stripping farmland.

The invention further discloses that the drainage system I comprises a drainage ditch which is built from the top of a slope to the bottom of the slope,

is in a net shape.

Further, when the soil is paved on the partition plate, the soil needs to be tamped, the height of the soil is not more than 25cm, and the distance from the partition plate to the top surface of the soil is 5-10 cm; the distance between the lowest partition plate and the ground is a certain height, namely the distance between the partition plate and the ground is 10-20 cm.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention determines the number of the tilled fields of the strippable plough layers by arranging and grouping the information of the tilled fields needing to be stripped from the plough layers, and sets the temporary soil storage points by taking a group as a unit, thereby facilitating later-stage management and simultaneously avoiding the problems of soil loss and environmental pollution caused by less soil of a single soil pile.

When the plough layer is stripped, the stripping route transversely advances along the cultivated land on the slope and then advances from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope, and the stripping route utilizes the plane formed by the terrace-shaped cultivated land on the slope to strip the plough layer, thereby solving the problems of large gradient and difficult development of the plough layer; meanwhile, soil blocks falling to the slope bottom when the high position of the slope surface is peeled can be collected together when the plough layer of the slope bottom is peeled, waste of soil resources is reduced, earthwork backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled plough layer, a drainage system is built in the cultivated land, and water and soil loss caused by loss of surface soil of the cultivated land with the peeled plough layer is avoided.

The karst rocky mountain area has abundant rainfall and large single rainfall in rainy season, and a rain shelter and a storage platform are arranged at the temporary soil storage point, so that the soil can be prevented from being washed by rainwater when being stored at the temporary soil storage point, and the soil loss is caused; meanwhile, the soil is paved on the storage platform for layered storage, so that oxygen supply of the soil is guaranteed, and the soil is prevented from deteriorating.

2. The method for collecting the farmland information adopts a sampling method that the number of sampling points is in direct proportion to the farmland area, so that the reliability of a sampling result is improved; meanwhile, the sampling method adopts a simple random sampling mode, and is simple, convenient and easy to operate and strong in operability.

3. The drainage system adopts the built net-shaped drainage ditch as the drainage system, can quickly drain the runoff flowing into the cultivated land from all directions out of the cultivated land, can reduce the flow velocity of the runoff passing through the cultivated land, and improves the water and soil loss resistance of the cultivated land.

4. The height of the soil is not more than 25cm, the distance from the partition plate to the top surface of the soil is 5-10 cm, the soil collapse can be prevented, and the oxygen supply of the soil can be ensured; the baffle plate at the lowest part has a certain height from the ground, so that the soil can be prevented from being washed by rainfall, and the protection effect is achieved.

Detailed Description

The method for stripping the plough layer in the karst rocky mountain area comprises the following steps:

1) collecting and grouping information of all cultivated lands needing to be subjected to plough layer stripping; after information acquisition is carried out on the cultivated land, dividing the cultivated land into a stripped cultivated land and a non-stripped cultivated land; then, grouping the stripped farmlands, setting the farmlands distributed on the same hillside into small groups, and setting a soil temporary storage point for each small group; the position of the temporary soil storage point is positioned on a transportation road, and the sum of the transportation distances from each cultivated land in the group to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;

2) stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a drainage system is built in the cultivated land;

3) transporting the soil to a temporary soil storage point and storing the soil on a storage platform; the temporary soil storage point comprises a rain shelter, a storage platform and a drainage system; the storage platform comprises a support frame and a partition plate, and the method for storing the soil in the storage platform comprises the following steps: set up the support frame in the rainshelter, from the below up installation baffle of support frame, with soil flat bed on the baffle, the baffle of below has certain height apart from ground.

Example 1:

carrying out information acquisition and grouping on 6 cultivated lands needing plough layer stripping;

information acquisition is carried out on cultivated land; the areas of cultivated land are 40 square meters, 8 square meters, 160 square meters, 212 square meters, 71 square meters and 132 square meters in sequence; ploughing (2) the area of the square meter is 8 square meters, less than 10 square meters and setting 3 sampling points; ploughing (I), (III), (IV), (V) and (IV) according to formulasCalculating to obtain 4, 6, 7, 5 and 6 sampling points in sequence; respectively set up a sampling point in the center of every arable land, the even distribution of other sampling point positions is in the arable land to detect the sampling point, the result is as follows: the qualified number of sampling points of the farmland is 3, the qualification rate is 75 percent, and the farmland is regarded as a stripped farmland; ploughing, namely judging that the qualified quantity of sampling points is 0 and the qualified rate is 0% as a non-stripping ploughed land; the qualified quantity of the farmland sampling points is 4, the qualification rate is 67%, and unqualified sampling points need to be retested; the qualified quantity of sampling points of the farmland iv is 6, the qualified rate is 86 percent, and the farmland is regarded as a stripped farmland; sampling points, namely, taking the qualified quantity of 4 sampling points and the qualified rate of 80% as stripped cultivated land; the qualified number of sampling points is 3, the qualification rate is 50%, and unqualified sampling points need to be retested;

taking unqualified sampling points of the farmland and the farmland for retesting, drawing a circle with the radius of 20cm by taking the unqualified sampling points as the center, and randomly taking 2 retesting points in the circle; the retest result to arable land third is: one sampling point is qualified in retesting, and one sampling point is unqualified in retesting, namely cultivated land and the qualified quantity of the final sampling points is 5, the qualification rate is 83 percent, and the cultivated land is regarded as stripped cultivated land;

the result of retesting farmland is as follows: re-testing one sampling point to be qualified, and re-testing two sampling points to be unqualified, namely, judging that the qualified number of the final sampling points is 4 and the qualification rate is 67 percent, and regarding the farmland as a non-stripped farmland;

the final result of information acquisition on the cultivated land is as follows: ploughing I, III, IV and V to be stripped, and ploughing II and IV to be non-stripped;

grouping the stripped cultivated lands; the first cultivated land and the third cultivated land are distributed on the hillside I and are set into a small group I; a temporary soil storage point I is arranged in the group I, so that the sum of the transport distances from the cultivated land I and the cultivated land III to the temporary soil storage point is minimum;

grouping the stripped cultivated lands; wherein, the arable land (r) and (v) are distributed on the hillside (II), and the arable land (r) and (v) are set as a group (II); arranging a temporary soil storage point II in the group II to ensure that the sum of the transport distances from the cultivated land to the temporary soil storage point is the minimum;

stripping the plough layer; transversely advancing along the cultivated land on the slope surface, stripping the plough layer with the same height, and advancing from the top of the slope to the bottom of the slope to complete the stripping of the plough layer of the whole cultivated land; then, earth backfilling is carried out on the cultivated land with the peeled cultivated layer, and a reticular drainage ditch is built in the cultivated land;

transport soil to soil temporary storage point, build the rainshelter at soil temporary storage point to set up the support frame in the rainshelter, from the below up installation baffle of support frame, the interval between two baffles is 10cm, with soil tiling on the baffle, tamp soil, highly be 25cm, the baffle of below is apart from ground 20 cm.

Example 2:

this embodiment differs from embodiment 1 in that: the support frame, from the below of support frame up installation baffle, the interval between two baffles is 8cm, and the baffle of below is apart from ground 15 cm.

The working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

Example 3:

this embodiment differs from embodiment 2 in that: the support frame is provided with the partition plates from the lower part of the support frame to the upper part, the distance between the two partition plates is 5cm, and the distance between the lowest partition plate and the ground is 10 cm.

The working principle of this embodiment is the same as that of embodiment 1.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.