阅读说明：本技术 嵌有矿物颗粒的纤维素和半纤维素基纤维和纱线及其制备方法 (Cellulose and hemicellulose-based fibers and yarns embedded with mineral particles and method for making same ) 是由 D·霍里尼克 于 2020-01-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及与电磁辐射相互作用的纤维、纱线、织物和其他材料及这些材料的制备方法,其中这些材料由载体材料(例如纤维素或半纤维素)和多个矿物颗粒制造。具体地,所述材料通过吸收、反射、折射、偏振或波长偏移与电磁辐射相互作用。本发明的纤维、纱线、织物和其他材料可用于多种产品,包括家具内饰、运动服和时尚应用。(The present invention relates to fibers, yarns, fabrics and other materials that interact with electromagnetic radiation, and methods for making such materials, wherein such materials are made from a carrier material (e.g., cellulose or hemicellulose) and a plurality of mineral particles. In particular, the material interacts with electromagnetic radiation by absorption, reflection, refraction, polarization or wavelength shift. The fibers, yarns, fabrics, and other materials of the present invention can be used in a variety of products, including furniture upholstery, sportswear, and fashion applications.)

1. An active fibrous material comprising:

a cellulosic or semi-cellulosic support material; and

a plurality of mineral particles disposed within a carrier material,

wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

2. The activated fiber material of claim 1, wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 2% to about 7% by weight of the fiber material.

3. The activated fiber material of claim 1, wherein the mineral particles comprise about 5% by weight of the fiber material.

4. The activated fiber material of claim 1, wherein the mineral particles comprise about 10% by weight of the fiber material.

5. The active fiber material of any of claims 1-4, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material is selected from the group consisting of lyocell, modal, rayon, viscose, and mixtures thereof.

6. The active fiber material of claim 5, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material comprises the group consisting of lyocell, modal, rayon, or viscose fibers, or mixtures thereof.

7. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-4, wherein the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is viscose.

8. The active fiber material of any of claims 1-7, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material is made from bamboo, soy, or sugar cane.

9. The active fiber material of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material is manufactured from trees.

10. The activated fiber material of claim 9, wherein the tree is cork.

11. The activated fibrous material of claim 10, wherein the softwood is selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, fir, larch, hemlock and mixtures thereof.

12. The activated fiber material of claim 9, wherein the tree is a hardwood.

13. The activated fiber material of claim 12, wherein the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, poplar, eucalyptus, and mixtures thereof.

14. The activated fiber material of claim 12, wherein the hardwood is not eucalyptus.

15. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-14, wherein the mineral particles are electromagnetically active mineral particles.

16. The active fiber material of any of claims 1-15, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 2.0 μ ι η.

17. The active fiber material of any of claims 1-16, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 1.5 μ ι η.

18. The active fiber material of any one of claims 1-17, wherein the mineral particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC)₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Alumina (Al)₂O₃) Silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Stone, zirconia, quartz, boron, tourmaline, manganese, kaolin, silica, carbon, amethyst, chalcedony and mixtures thereofAnd (4) grouping.

19. The active fiber material of any of claims 1-17, wherein the mineral particles comprise silicon carbide (SiC), titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Zirconium dioxide ((ZrO)₂) Alumina (Al)₂O₃) Or silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Or mixtures thereof.

20. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-19, wherein said reactive fiber material allows passage of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 630 to about 800 nm.

21. The activated fiber material of any of claims 1-19, wherein the mineral particles are active to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 0.601 to about 1.015 μ ι η.

22. The active fiber material of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the carrier material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 0.5 μ ι η to about 11 μ ι η.

23. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-19, wherein the carrier material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 200nm to about 900 nm.

24. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-19, wherein said reactive fiber material absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 400nm to about 14,000 nm.

25. The active fiber material of any one of claims 1-19, wherein the active fiber material polarizes electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 400nm to about 14,000 nm.

26. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-19, wherein said reactive fiber material emits light having a wavelength of from about 200nm to about 1100 nm.

27. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-19, wherein the reactive fiber material emits light having a wavelength of from about 350nm to about 800 nm.

28. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-27, wherein the dry tenacity of the reactive fiber material is from about 20cN/tex to about 28 cN/tex.

29. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-28, wherein the elongation at break (dry condition) of the reactive fiber material is from about 16% to about 25%.

30. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-29, wherein the finish of the reactive fiber material is about 0.15% to about 0.40%.

31. The reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-30, wherein the reactive fiber material is in the form of a yarn.

32. The reactive fiber material of claim 31, wherein the yarn is a spun yarn.

33. A fabric comprising the reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-30 or the yarn of any of claims 31-32.

34. The fabric of claim 33, wherein the active fiber material of any one of claims 1-30 is in the form of a nonwoven fabric.

35. The fabric of any of claims 33-34, further comprising one or more natural or synthetic fibers.

36. The fabric of claim 35, wherein the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, hemp, silk, ramie, jute, and mixtures thereof.

37. The fabric in accordance with claim 35, wherein the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of acrylic, acetate, lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, rayon, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, and mixtures thereof.

38. The fabric of any one of claims 33-37, wherein the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 100% by weight of the reactive fiber material of any one of claims 1-30.

39. The fabric of any one of claims 33-38, wherein the fabric comprises:

the reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-30 or the yarn of any of claims 31-32;

cotton;

and a polyester.

40. The fabric of claim 39, wherein the fabric comprises:

about 60% of the reactive fiber material of any of claims 1-30 or the yarn of any of claims 31-32;

about 20% cotton; and

about 20% polyester.

41. The fabric of any one of claims 33-40, wherein the fabric has a weight of from about 30gsm to about 950 gsm.

42. The fabric of any of claims 33-40, wherein tcPO is compared to baseline₂In contrast, the transdermal oxygen partial pressure (tcPO) of the fabric₂) The increase is at least about 7%.

43. Root of herbaceous plantA fabric according to any one of claims 33 to 42, wherein tcPO is compared to baseline₂In contrast, the transdermal oxygen partial pressure (tcPO) of the fabric₂) The increase is about 9.4% to about 14.3%.

44. The fabric of any one of claims 33-43, wherein the fabric has a transmit power difference (Δ EP) of about 0.25mW/cm²To about 2.00mW/cm²。

45. The fabric of any one of claims 33-44, wherein the fabric has a Δ EP of at least about 0.25mW/cm²。

46. A method of making an active fiber material comprising: suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material, thereby providing an active fibrous material, wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

47. The method of claim 46, further comprising reducing the mean particle size of the mineral particles to less than about 2.0 μm prior to suspending the mineral particles in the support material.

48. The method of claim 47, further comprising spinning the reactive fiber material to provide a yarn.

49. The method of claim 48, further comprising weaving the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

50. The method of claim 49, further comprising knitting the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

51. The method of claim 47, further comprising preparing a nonwoven fabric from the reactive fiber material.

52. An active fibrous material prepared by the process of any one of claims 46-47.

53. A fabric made by the method of any one of claims 49-51.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to fibers, yarns, fabrics and other materials that interact with electromagnetic radiation.

Background

Humans and other living organisms and substances produce electromagnetic radiation in the form of, for example, heat or infrared radiation. In some cases, it is desirable to maintain such radiation, for example, applications where it is desirable to maintain body or food temperature. For example, once cooked, the food may reach a certain temperature; however, this heat is typically lost by exposure to lower temperatures (e.g., ambient air). In another example, infrared radiation is lost through the epidermis when the body is exposed to lower temperatures. Materials are needed that prevent the heat generating objects from losing radiation.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention provides active materials comprising a plurality of mineral particles suspended, embedded or otherwise incorporated in a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material (e.g., viscose, modal, rayon or lyocell). The active materials are useful in the textile industry.

The beneficial properties of infrared radiation are retained, including maintaining a specific temperature, avoiding detection by infrared sensors, insulating pipes and other building materials to prevent heat transfer, and providing heat to prevent joint stiffness. Materials are needed that prevent the heat generating objects from losing radiation. Also, a material blocking radiation is required. There is also a need for materials that are wholly or partially renewable and/or derived from renewable resources. There is also a need for materials having a low carbon footprint or a carbon-free footprint.

The active materials of the present invention exhibit interesting, useful and beneficial properties (e.g., tcPO of fibers, yarns and fabrics comprising the active materials of the present invention as compared to baseline₂Increase, increase in emissivity compared to a material without the mineral particles of the invention, and/or ash measurements exceeding 1.0%), and use of materials derived from renewable sourcesAnd/or a sustainable source (e.g., bamboo) of cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material. In some embodiments, the active material interacts with the electromagnetic radiation by absorption, reflection, refraction, polarization, or wavelength shift. In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention absorb a greater amount of infrared radiation than materials made with only the carrier material providing the same radiation source.

In some embodiments, the active material is a fibrous material ("active fibrous material") comprising a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material and a plurality of mineral particles disposed within the carrier material. In a further embodiment, the fiber material is used for producing textiles, films, coatings and/or protective or insulating materials.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic support material comprises lyocell, modal, rayon, or viscose fibers, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material comprises viscose.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 2.0 μm.

In some embodiments, the active fibrous material of the present invention comprises a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material, wherein the plurality of mineral particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC)₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Alumina (Al)₂O₃) Silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Zirconia, quartz, boron, tourmaline, manganese, silica, carbon, amethyst, chalcedony (carrellian), kaolin, stone and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides an active fibrous material wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise about 5% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

In one aspect, the present invention provides a method of making an active material comprising suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a carrier material. In some embodiments, a method of making an active fibrous material includes suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material, thereby providing an active fibrous material, wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

Drawings

Fig. 1A and 1B show an active fiber material according to the invention comprising viscose as a cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material. The fibers in fig. 1A comprise 5% mineral particles by weight of the fibrous material and the fibers in fig. 1B comprise 10% mineral particles by weight of the fibrous material. Both fiber types exhibit good spinning performance and particle distribution characteristics.

Detailed Description

While the following terms are believed to be well understood by those skilled in the art, the following definitions are set forth to facilitate explanation of the subject matter of the present invention.

It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Preferred methods, devices, and materials are described, however, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All references cited herein (including U.S. patent nos. 5,895,795 and 7,074,499, and U.S. publication No. 2012/0156462) are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes.

The terms "a" and "an" and "the" as used in this application, including the claims, mean "one or more" in accordance with established patent law convention. Thus, for example, reference to "a carrier" includes one or more carriers, mixtures of two or more carriers, and the like.

Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, and so forth used in the specification and claims are to be understood as being modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless indicated otherwise, the numerical parameters set forth in the specification and attached claims are approximations that may vary depending upon the desired properties sought to be obtained by the present application. In general, when referring to a measurable value (e.g., weight, time, dose, etc.), the word "about" as used herein is intended to encompass a variation of the specified quantity by 15% or by 10% in one example, by 5% in another example, by 1% in another example, and by 0.1% in another example, so long as such variation is suitable for performing the disclosed method.

Where a range of values is provided, it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included in the smaller ranges and are also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit in the stated range. Where a range includes one or both of the limits, ranges excluding either or both of those included limits are also included in the invention. Where a list of numerical values is provided, it is understood that ranges between any two values in the list are also contemplated as additional embodiments within the scope of the invention, and it is understood that each intervening value, to the tenth of the unit of the lower limit unless the context clearly dictates otherwise, between the upper and lower limit of that range and any other stated or intervening value in that stated range is encompassed within the invention; the upper and lower limits of the sub-ranges may independently be included in the sub-ranges, are also encompassed within the invention, subject to any specifically excluded limit.

As used herein, the verb "to comprise" and its conjugations as used in this specification and claims is used in its non-limiting sense to mean that items following the word are included, but items not specifically mentioned are not excluded.

As used herein, the term "active material" refers to a system comprising one or more minerals and a carrier material, wherein the mineral particles are suspended, embedded, or otherwise incorporated into the carrier material. The active material is capable of harvesting photon energy. The active materials will be described in more detail elsewhere herein.

As used herein, the phrase "harvesting photon energy" refers to the act of absorbing a photon, whereby a molecule or atom comprising a photon absorbing material transitions from a ground state to an excited state. Photons are particles that represent quantum units of light, visible and invisible to the naked eye, and carry energy proportional to the frequency of electromagnetic radiation.

As used herein, the term "absorption" refers to the physical process of absorbing light, while the term "absorbance" refers to a mathematical quantity that expresses the ratio of the amount of light or radiation that falls on a material to the amount of light or radiation that passes through the material. As used herein, the terms "absorptivity" and "absorbency" refer to the light absorption characteristics exhibited by a material.

As used herein, the term "emissivity" refers to the ratio of energy radiated from a material surface to energy radiated from a perfect emitter (known as a blackbody) at the same temperature and wavelength and under the same viewing conditions.

As used herein, the term "transmission of light" refers to light that passes through a material without being absorbed. As used herein, the terms "transmittance" and "transmissivity" refer to the light transmission characteristics exhibited by a material.

As used herein, the term "reflection" refers to light that is reflected back when striking a material or light that is re-emitted when striking a material and its energy. As used herein, the terms "reflectivity" and "reflectivity" refer to the light reflection characteristics exhibited by a material.

As used herein, the term "refraction" refers to a change in the direction of light transmission due to a change in the transmission medium (e.g., water or glass).

As used herein, the term "polarization" refers to the physical process by which light or radiation is reflected from or partially transmitted through a particle or material, wherein the direction of the electric and magnetic field vectors in the wave is changed. The polarization of the light or radiation may be partial or complete.

As used herein, the terms "luminescence," "emission light," or "emission of light" refer to the physical process by which a molecule or atom falls back to its ground state after absorbing energy to an excited state, thereby releasing energy, the form of which can be quantified by its wavelength or range of wavelengths. As used herein, the terms "emissivity" and "emittance" refer to the light emission characteristics exhibited by a material.

Notably, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) recommends that the radiation characteristics of a perfectly smooth pure material retain the suffix "-entity" (e.g., reflectivity and transmissivity), while a contaminated rough surface employs the suffix "-ance" (e.g., reflectivity and transmissivity).

As used herein, the term "light scattering" refers to a physical process in which light is reflected from an object in many different directions due to an impinging surface irregularity or when impinging interfering particles between the object and a light source. Small particles suspended in air can cause light scattering.

As used herein, the term "refractive index" refers to the ability of a particular substance to bend light as the light enters the substance.

As used herein, the term "extrusion" refers to the process of extruding a material through a die to form a material of a particular shape.

As used herein, the term "fiber" refers to an elongated thread-like structure material having a characteristic longitudinal dimension (length) and a characteristic transverse dimension (diameter), wherein the fiber may be woven or stitched as a component of the composite material. The fibers may be short (discontinuous) or long (continuous).

As used herein, the term "denier" refers to a measure of the linear mass density of a fiber. For example, a fiber having a length of 9000m and a weight of 1 gram would have a denier of 1.

As used herein, the term "staple fiber" refers to a staple or discontinuous fiber in which the length of the fiber is cut from about 0.1cm to about 15 cm.

As used herein, the term "film" refers to a flat or tubular flexible structure of the material used.

Fibrous material

The invention relates to an active material comprising a plurality of mineral particles and a carrier material which interacts with electromagnetic radiation by absorption, reflection, refraction, polarization or wavelength shift. In some embodiments, the active material is a fibrous material.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides an active fibrous material comprising a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material; and a plurality of mineral particles disposed within the carrier material, wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 0.5% to about 20%, including about 0.5%, about 0.75%, about 1%, about 1.25%, about 1.5%, about 1.75%, about 2%, about 2.25%, about 2.5%, about 2.75%, about 3%, about 3.25%, about 3.5%, about 3.75%, about 4%, about 4.25%, about 4.5%, about 4.75%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5.5%, about 5.75%, about 6%, about 6.25%, about 6.5%, about 6.75%, about 7%, about 7.25%, about 7.5%, about 7.75%, about 8%, about 8.25%, about 8.5%, about 8.75%, about 9%, about 9.25%, about 9.5%, about 9.75%, about 10%, about 10.25%, about 10.5%, about 11.75%, about 11.25%, about 11.75%, about 12.75%, about 11.75%, about 12%, about 12.75%, about 12%, about 12.25%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 3%, about 3.25%, about 5%, about 5.75%, about 5%, about 5.75%, about 5%, about 12%, about 5%, about 12%, about 3.75%, about 1%, about 2.75%, about 5%, about 2.25%, about 12%, about 5%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 1%, about 3.25%, about 1%, about 3.25%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 1%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 5%, about 1%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about, About 13.75%, about 14%, about 14.25%, about 14.5%, about 14.75%, about 15%, about 15.25%, about 15.5%, about 15.75%, about 16%, about 16.25%, about 16.5%, about 16.75%, about 17%, about 17.25%, about 17.5%, about 17.75%, about 18%, about 18.25%, about 18.5%, about 18.75%, about 19%, about 19.25%, about 19.5%, about 19.75%, about 20%, and all ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise about 5% by weight of the fibrous material.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides an active fibrous material comprising a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material; and a plurality of mineral particles disposed within the carrier material, wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 0.5% to about 20%, including about 0.5%, about 0.75%, about 1%, about 1.25%, about 1.5%, about 1.75%, about 2%, about 2.25%, about 2.5%, about 2.75%, about 3%, about 3.25%, about 3.5%, about 3.75%, about 4%, about 4.25%, about 4.5%, about 4.75%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5.5%, about 5.75%, about 6%, about 6.25%, about 6.5%, about 6.75%, about 7%, about 7.25%, about 7.5%, about 7.75%, about 8%, about 8.25%, about 8.5%, about 8.75%, about 9%, about 9.25%, about 9.5%, about 9.75%, about 10%, about 10.25%, about 10.5%, about 11.75%, about 11.25%, about 11.75%, about 12.75%, about 11.75%, about 12%, about 12.75%, about 12%, about 12.25%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 3%, about 3.25%, about 5%, about 5.75%, about 5%, about 5.75%, about 5%, about 12%, about 12.75%, about 12%, about 5%, about 12%, about 3.75%, about 1%, about 2.75%, about 3.25%, about 2.25%, about 1%, about 12%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 2.25%, about 3.25%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 2.25%, about 3.25%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 5%, about 3.25%, about 2.25%, about 3.25%, about 5%, about 2.25%, about 5%, about 13.75%, about 14%, about 14.25%, about 14.5%, about 14.75%, about 15%, about 15.25%, about 15.5%, about 15.75%, about 16%, about 16.25%, about 16.5%, about 16.75%, about 17%, about 17.25%, about 17.5%, about 17.75%, about 18%, about 18.25%, about 18.5%, about 18.75%, about 19%, about 19.25%, about 19.5%, about 19.75%, about 20%, and all ranges therebetween. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise about 5% by weight of the fibrous material.

In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention are used in textile fibers, nonwoven films, membranes, coatings, and/or protective or insulating materials or similar products. In some embodiments, the fibers or similar materials of the present invention utilize the materials/components disclosed in U.S. patent application publication nos. 2013/0045382 and 2016/0081281 and/or have the uses or properties disclosed in U.S. patent application publication nos. 2013/0045382 and 2016/008128, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. Products comprising the active materials provide additional beneficial properties to the subject wearing such products. Beneficial properties include, for example, providing wound healing, skin fibroblast stimulation, fibroblast growth and proliferation, increased DNA synthesis, increased protein synthesis, increased cell proliferation by altering the optical properties of the human body and surrounding interaction with light and altering the wavelength, reflection or absorption of light in the electromagnetic spectrum. In combination with electromagnetic radiation, the active materials of the present invention, and compositions containing them, provide such beneficial properties.

In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention capture source infrared radiation, provide heat to the object, or prevent loss of infrared light. The active materials of the present invention are useful for insulation of heating and cooling systems, insulation for outdoor recreation, military retention of infrared light against detection, and insulation of perishable items. In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention are incorporated into fabrics and can be used in a variety of applications, including socks, footwear, sportswear, athletic apparel, substrates, gloves, and bandages. In some embodiments, these articles have other beneficial properties, such as controlling odor, regulating heat, providing fire protection, providing protection from harmful light, insulating, wound healing, and preserving food.

Electromagnetic light is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic light has a wavelength ranging from 10nm to 1060nm, and includes ultraviolet light, visible light, and infrared light. Ultraviolet ("UV") light has a wavelength of from 10nm to 390nm and is divided into the near ultraviolet (390 to 300nm), mid ultraviolet (300 to 200nm) and far ultraviolet (200 to 10nm) spectral regions. The visible light has a wavelength between 390 and 770nm and is classified into violet, blue, green, yellow, orange and red light. The wavelength of infrared light ("IR") is from 770nm to 10⁶nm, and is divided into near infrared (770 to 1.5X 10)³nm), mid-infrared (1.5X 10)³To 6X 10³nm) and far infrared (6X 10)³To 10⁶nm) spectral region. Refractive index ("RI") is a measure of the ability of a substance to bend light. Body-contacting light and light energy extends throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. The adult human body emits about 100 watts of mid and far wavelength infrared light at rest. During movement, this level rises sharply, in wavelengthThe distribution changes.

In light of the present disclosure and the skill in the art, those skilled in the art will be able to select mineral particles and carrier materials that achieve certain desired properties of the resulting active material. In some embodiments, the active material combines the mineral particles and the support material, resulting in tailored light absorption and reflection characteristics. In most embodiments, the active material is biologically benign or inert.

Near infrared light at wavelengths of 680, 730, and 880nm stimulates wound healing in laboratory animals and has been shown to increase the growth of fibroblasts and muscle cells in tissue culture by a factor of five. Thus, in some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material are selected to provide light that reflects or passes through these beneficial wavelengths.

In some embodiments, the active material is selected to stimulate melanin excitation, which occurs at about 15 nm. To achieve this excitation, a band of energy in the range of about 10nm to about 2.5 microns from human metabolism is used. The daylight from an outdoor broadband lamp or an indoor lamp may range from about 1.1 microns, with a "peak" of about 900nm, a typical broad peak of about 700 and 800nm, and also including smaller wavelengths, such as 400 to 700 nm. Some general characteristics and filtering and variations required include, but are not limited to, bandpass in the 600 to 900nm band range. Thus, in some embodiments, a 200-900nm transparent support material is selected, and mineral particles having wavelengths between about 950 and 550nm are selected. In such embodiments, the support material is polyethylene terephthalate and the mineral particles have an average particle size of about 2.0 μm or less.

Minerals for use in fibrous materials

In some embodiments, the active material is a fiber comprising a plurality of mineral particles. The mineral particles are selected according to several characteristics. In some embodiments, the mineral particles of the present invention are biologically benign or inert. In some embodiments, the mineral exhibits transparent or translucent optical properties.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles of the present invention are selected for their ability to absorb, reflect, refract, polarize, or wavelength shift electromagnetic radiation.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC)₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Alumina (Al)₂O₃) Silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) And mixtures thereof. In other embodiments, the mineral particles comprise silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC)₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Alumina (Al)₂O₃) Or silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fibrous material, e.g., about 1%, about 1.25%, about 1.5%, about 1.75%, about 2%, about 2.25%, about 2.5%, about 2.75%, about 3%, about 3.25%, about 3.5%, about 3.75%, about 4%, about 4.25%, about 4.5%, about 4.75%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5.5%, about 5.75%, about 6%, about 6.25%, about 6.5%, about 6.75%, about 7%, about 7.25%, about 7.5%, about 7.75%, about 8%, about 8.25%, about 8.5%, about 8.75%, about 9%, about 9.25%, about 9.5%, about 9.75%, about 10%, about 11.25%, about 11.5%, about 11.75%, about 12%, about 12.25%, about 12.5%, about 12.75%, about 13.75%, about 14.75%, about 15%, about 14.75%, about 15%, about 16%, about 5%, about 5.75%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5%, about 6.25%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5%, about 8.25%, about 5%, about 6.25%, about 5%, about 6.25%, about 8.25%, about 10%, about 5%, about 15%, about 5%, about 15%, about 5%, about 15%, about 5%, about 15%, about 5%, about 15%, about 5%, about 15%, about 15.25%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5%, about 15%, about 15.25%, about 5%, about 15%, about 5%, about 15.25%, about 15%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 5%, about 5.25%, about 16.25%, about 16.5%, about 16.75%, about 17%, about 17.25%, about 17.5%, about 17.75%, about 18%, about 18.25%, about 18.5%, about 18.75%, about 19%, about 19.25%, about 19.5%, about 19.75%, and about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 5% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 2% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 2.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 3% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 3.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 4% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 4.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. Non-limiting examples of the disclosed fibers containing mineral particles are shown in fig. 1A and 1B.

Mineral size and shape

In some embodiments, the mineral particles of the present invention are processed to certain sizes or shapes to alter their optical properties. In some embodiments, the mineral particle size and shape is reduced using processes known in the art, such as grinding, polishing, or tumbling. These processes help determine the particle size of the minerals, the concentration of each type of mineral, and the physical properties of the minerals. In some embodiments, the physical property comprises the smoothness and/or shape of the mineral particles.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to substantially fan-shaped. In some embodiments, the substantially fan-shaped mineral particles change the wavelength of received light. In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to substantially spherical. In some embodiments, the substantially spherical mineral particles shorten the wavelength of received light. In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to substantially a rounded triangle. In some embodiments, the substantially rounded triangular mineral particles reflect, absorb, or scatter received light. In some embodiments, the mineral particles are reduced in size to a substantially convex shape. While not wishing to be bound by any particular theory, it is believed that the substantially convex mineral particles have the largest surface area for interaction with light.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average particle size of about 0.5 to about 2.0 microns. In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average particle size of about 0.50 microns, 0.55 microns, 0.60 microns, 0.65 microns, 0.70 microns, 0.75 microns, 0.80 microns, 0.85 microns, 0.90 microns, 0.95 microns, 1.00 microns, 1.05 microns, 1.10 microns, 1.15 microns, 1.20 microns, 1.25 microns, 1.30 microns, 1.35 microns, 1.40 microns, 1.45 microns, 1.50 microns, 1.55 microns, 1.60 microns, 1.65 microns, 1.70 microns, 1.75 microns, 1.80 microns, 1.85 microns, 1.90 microns, 1.95 microns, or 2.00 microns.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average particle size of about 0.5 to about 2.0 microns. In some embodiments, the mineral particles have an average particle size of about 0.50 to 0.60 microns, 0.60 to 0.70 microns, 0.70 to 0.80 microns, 0.80 to 0.90 microns, 0.90 to 1.00 microns, 1.00 to 1.10 microns, 1.10 to 1.20 microns, 1.20 to 1.30 microns, 1.30 to 1.40 microns, 1.40 to 1.50 microns, 1.50 to 1.60 microns, 1.60 to 1.70 microns, 1.70 to 1.80 microns, and 1.90 to 2.00 microns.

In some embodiments, the size of the mineral particles is related to the target wavelength at which they absorb. For example, if the target absorption wavelength is about 750nm, the mineral particle size is reduced to about 750 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles are ground to achieve an approximate particle size of about 0.5 microns to about 2.0 microns.

Carrier material

In some embodiments, a plurality of mineral particles of active material are dispersed, suspended, embedded, or otherwise incorporated into a carrier material. In some embodiments, the carrier material for the active material is selected for its ability to retain mineral particles. In some embodiments, the support material for the active material is selected such that the mineral particles and the support material do not chemically react.

In some embodiments, the present invention relates, in part, to the surprising discovery that a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material (e.g., viscose fiber) can incorporate relatively large amounts of mineral particles (e.g., from about 5% to about 10% by weight of the fiber material) to provide the fibers with the mechanical properties (e.g., sufficient tenacity, elongation at break, etc.) needed for further processing into textiles. In contrast, attempts to incorporate more than about 1.25% of mineral particles into a pure synthetic carrier material (e.g., PET) result in brittle fibers that are not suitable for further processing into yarns, fabrics, and the like.

In some embodiments, the support material of the present invention is selected for its ability to interact with light radiation by absorbing, reflecting, refracting, and/or changing wavelength.

In some embodiments, the carrier material for the active material is selected for its ability to be shaped or manufactured for a particular use. Some carrier materials are flexible and can be machined and reshaped many times.

In some embodiments, the carrier material is a cellulosic or hemicellulosic material. In a further embodiment, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of lyocell, modal, viscose derivatives and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is selected from the group consisting of viscose, modal, tencel (tencel), and cotton.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is viscose.

In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the viscose fiber is about 20cN/tex to about 30cN/tex, such as about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, about 25cN/tex, about 26cN/tex, about 27cN/tex, about 28cN/tex, about 29cN/tex, or about 30cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the viscose fibers is about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the viscose is about 25cN/tex to about 30 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the viscose fibers is about 23cN/tex to about 26 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the viscose fibers is at least about 20cN/tex, at least about 21cN/tex, at least about 22cN/tex, at least about 23cN/tex, at least about 24cN/tex, at least about 25cN/tex, at least about 26cN/tex, at least 27cN/tex, at least 28cN/tex, at least 29cN/tex, or at least 30 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the viscose fiber is about 5cN/tex to about 20cN/tex, for example about 5cN/tex, about 6cN/tex, about 7cN/tex, about 8cN/tex, about 9cN/tex, about 10cN/tex, about 11cN/tex, about 12cN/tex, about 13cN/tex, about 14cN/tex, or about 15cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the viscose fibers is about 10cN/tex to about 15 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the viscose fiber is at least about 5cN/tex, at least about 6cN/tex, at least about 7cN/tex, at least about 8cN/tex, at least about 9cN/tex, at least about 10cN/tex, at least about 11cN/tex, at least 12cN/tex, at least 13cN/tex, at least 14cN/tex, or at least 15 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the viscose fibers is about 10% to about 25%, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, or about 25%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the viscose fibers is about 15% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the viscose fibers is about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the viscose fibers is about 16% to about 21%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the viscose fiber is at least 16%, at least 17%, at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, or at least 21%.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the viscose fiber is about 20% to about 35%, for example, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, or about 35%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the viscose fiber is about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the viscose fiber is about 25% to about 30%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the viscose fiber is at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, at least 29%, or at least 30%.

In some embodiments, the finish (finish) of the viscose fibers is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the viscose fiber finish is about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the viscose fiber finish is about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the viscose fiber is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is modal.

In some embodiments, the molar dry toughness is about 30cN/tex to about 40cN/tex, e.g., about 30cN/tex, about 31cN/tex, about 32cN/tex, about 33cN/tex, about 34cN/tex, about 35cN/tex, about 36cN/tex, about 37cN/tex, about 38cN/tex, about 39cN/tex, or about 40cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the modal is from about 30cN/tex to about 35 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry strength of the modal is about 35cN/tex to about 40 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry strength of the modal is at least about 30cN/tex, at least about 31cN/tex, at least about 32cN/tex, at least about 33cN/tex, at least about 34cN/tex, at least about 35cN/tex, at least about 36cN/tex, at least 37cN/tex, at least 38cN/tex, at least 39cN/tex, or at least 40 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the modal is about 15cN/tex to about 25cN/tex, e.g., about 15cN/tex, about 16cN/tex, about 17cN/tex, about 18cN/tex, about 19cN/tex, about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, or about 25cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the modal is from about 15cN/tex to about 20 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the modal is from about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the modal is at least about 15cN/tex, at least about 16cN/tex, at least about 17cN/tex, at least about 18cN/tex, at least about 19cN/tex, at least about 20cN/tex, at least about 21cN/tex, at least 22cN/tex, at least 23cN/tex, at least 24cN/tex, or at least 25 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the modal is from about 10% to about 20%, e.g., about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the modal is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the modal is from about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the modal is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the modal is from about 10% to about 20%, e.g., about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the modal is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the modal is from about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the modal is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

In some embodiments, the modal finish is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, e.g., about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the modal finish is about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the modal finish is about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the modal finish is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is tencel.

In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the tencel is about 35cN/tex to about 45cN/tex, such as about 35cN/tex, about 36cN/tex, about 37cN/tex, about 38cN/tex, about 39cN/tex, about 40cN/tex, about 41cN/tex, about 42cN/tex, about 43cN/tex, about 44cN/tex, or about 45cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the tencel is about 35cN/tex to about 40 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the tencel is about 40cN/tex to about 45 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the tencel is about 38cN/tex to about 42 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the tencel is at least about 35cN/tex, at least about 36cN/tex, at least about 37cN/tex, at least about 38cN/tex, at least about 39cN/tex, at least about 40cN/tex, at least about 41cN/tex, at least 42cN/tex, at least 43cN/tex, at least 44cN/tex, or at least 45 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the tencel is about 30cN/tex to about 50cN/tex, such as about 30cN/tex, about 31cN/tex, about 32cN/tex, about 33cN/tex, about 34cN/tex, about 35cN/tex, about 36cN/tex, about 37cN/tex, about 38cN/tex, about 39cN/tex, about 40cN/tex, about 41cN/tex, about 42cN/tex, about 43cN/tex, about 44cN/tex, about 45cN/tex, about 46cN/tex, about 47cN/tex, about 48cN/tex, about 49cN/tex, or about 50cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the tencel is about 30cN/tex to about 40 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the tencel is about 30cN/tex to about 50 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the tencel is about 34cN/tex to about 48 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the tencel is at least about 34cN/tex, at least about 35cN/tex, at least about 36cN/tex, at least about 37cN/tex, at least about 38cN/tex, at least about 39cN/tex, at least about 40cN/tex, at least 41cN/tex, at least 42cN/tex, at least 43cN/tex, at least 44cN/tex, at least 45cN/tex, at least 46cN/tex, at least 47cN/tex, or at least 48 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the lyocell is from about 10% to about 20%, e.g., about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the lyocell is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the lyocell is from about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the lyocell is from about 14% to about 16%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the lyocell is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, or at least 16%.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the lyocell is from about 10% to about 20%, e.g., about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the lyocell is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the lyocell is from about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the lyocell is from about 16% to about 16%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the lyocell is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 17%, or at least 18%.

In some embodiments, the tencel finish is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the tencel finish is about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the tencel finish is about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the tencel is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is cotton.

In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the cotton is about 15cN/tex to about 30cN/tex, e.g., about 15cN/tex, about 16cN/tex, about 17cN/tex, about 18cN/tex, about 19cN/tex, about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, about 25cN/tex, about 26cN/tex, about 27cN/tex, about 28cN/tex, about 29cN/tex, or about 30cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the cotton is from about 15cN/tex to about 20 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the cotton is about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of the cotton is from about 25cN/tex to about 30 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the dry tenacity of cotton is at least about 20cN/tex, at least about 21cN/tex, at least about 22cN/tex, at least about 23cN/tex, at least about 24cN/tex, at least about 25cN/tex, at least about 26cN/tex, at least 27cN/tex, at least 28cN/tex, at least 29cN/tex, or at least 30 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton is about 5% to about 15%, for example, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, or about 15%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton is from about 5% to about 10%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton is from about 7% to about 9%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (drying conditions) of the cotton is at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, or at least 9%.

In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton is about 20cN/tex to about 35cN/tex, e.g., about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, about 25cN/tex, about 26cN/tex, about 27cN/tex, about 28cN/tex, about 29cN/tex, about 30cN/tex, about 31cN/tex, about 32cN/tex, about 33cN/tex, about 34cN/tex, or about 35cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton is from about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton is from about 25cN/tex to about 30 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton is from about 30cN/tex to about 35 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton is at least about 23cN/tex, at least about 24cN/tex, at least about 25cN/tex, at least about 26cN/tex, at least about 27cN/tex, at least about 28cN/tex, at least about 29cN/tex, at least 30cN/tex, at least 31cN/tex, at least 32cN/tex, at least 33cN/tex, at least 34cN/tex, or at least 35 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton is about 10% to about 20%, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton is from about 12% to about 14%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton is from about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

In some embodiments, the finish of the cotton is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the finish of the cotton is about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the cotton is about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the cotton is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material comprises lyocell, modal, viscose derivatives, and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material comprises one type of cellulosic or hemicellulosic material. In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material comprises more than one type of cellulosic or hemicellulosic material.

In some embodiments, the cellulosic or hemicellulosic material is made from trees. In some embodiments, the tree is cork. In some embodiments, the cork is selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, fir, larch, hemlock and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the cork comprises spruce, pine, fir, larch, or hemlock, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the tree is hardwood. In some embodiments, the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, aspen (aspen), poplar (popar), eucalyptus, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the hardwood comprises oak, beech, birch, poplar, or eucalyptus, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, poplar and mixtures thereof. In other particular embodiments, the hardwood includes oak, beech, birch, poplar, or poplar or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the hardwood is not eucalyptus.

In some embodiments, the support material is a polymer matrix. In some embodiments, the support material of the present invention is selected from the group consisting of rayon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylon, celluloid (celluloid), cellulose acetate, cyclic olefin copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, fluoroplastics, ionomers,Liquid crystal polymers, polyacetals, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitriles, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyaryletherketones, polybutadienes, polybutylenes, polybutylene terephthalates, polycaprolactones, polychlorotrifluoroethylenes, polyethylene terephthalates, polycyclohexylene dimethyl ether terephthalates, polycarbonates, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyketones, polyesters, polyethylenes, polyetheretherketones, polyetherimides, polyethersulfones, chlorinated polyethylenes (polyethyleneehlorates), polyimides, polylactic acids, polymethylpentenes, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphthalamides, polystyrenes, polysulfones, polytrimethylene terephthalates, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides, styrene-acrylonitriles and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the support material of the present invention comprises rayon, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, acrylon, celluloid, cellulose acetate, cyclic olefin copolymers, ethylene vinyl acetate, ethylene vinyl alcohol, fluoroplastics, ionomers,Liquid crystal polymers, polyacetals, polyacrylates, polyacrylonitriles, polyamides, polyamide-imides, polyaryletherketones, polybutadienes, polybutylenes, polybutylene terephthalates, polycaprolactones, polychlorotrifluoroethylenes, polyethylene terephthalates, polycyclohexanedimethanol terephthalates, polycarbonates, polyhydroxyalkanoates, polyketones, polyesters, polyethylenes, polyetheretherketones, polyetherketoneketones, polyetherimides, polyethersulfones, chlorinated polyethylenes, polyimides, polylactic acids, polymethylpentenes, polyphenylene oxides, polyphenylene sulfides, polyphthalamides, polystyrenes, polysulfones, polytrimethylene terephthalates, polyurethanes, polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl chlorides, polyvinylidene chlorides or styrene-acrylonitriles or mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the polymer matrix comprises one type of polymer. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix comprises one or more types of polymers.

In some embodiments, one or more cellulosic or hemicellulosic materials are combined with one or more polymeric matrices.

In some embodiments, the active material comprises one or more polymer types selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, nylon, rayon, spandex, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the active material comprises polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyester, nylon, rayon, or spandex, or mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the polymer matrix is PET.

In some embodiments, the polymer matrix contains additives such as colorants, surface stabilizers, surfactants, UV stabilizers, plasticizers, slip agents, mineral fillers, binders, antistatic agents, oils, antioxidants, adhesives, and the like. In some embodiments, a colorant affects the optical properties of the polymer.

Characteristics of the active Material

In some embodiments, the active material absorbs light of one wavelength and emits light of a different wavelength. Thus, in some embodiments, the active material shortens the wavelength of light absorbed. In some embodiments, the active material extends the wavelength of light absorbed, depending on the desired effect. In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention are designed to absorb a portion of the spectrum and convert it to heat or other types of energy. In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention allow transmission of a portion of the spectrum, thereby allowing selected wavelengths to pass through the active material. In other embodiments, the active materials of the present invention reflect a selected portion of the spectrum. In some embodiments, the active material is designed to selectively polarize certain portions of the spectrum during transmission or reflection of the wave.

In some embodiments, the mineral and carrier material are combined to provide an active material that emits light within a specific range. For example, in some embodiments, alumina promotes IR light elongation. When the active material comprising alumina interacts with IR light, in some embodiments, the material releases light in a longer IR range than it absorbs.

In some embodiments, when more than one type of mineral is used to make the active material, the material has the synergistic optical properties of these different minerals.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently transmit light in the range of about 200nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently transmit light at about 200nm, 225nm, 250nm, 275nm, 300nm, 325nm, 350nm, 375nm, 400nm, 425nm, 450nm, 475nm, 500nm, 525nm, 550nm, 575nm, 600nm, 625nm, 650nm, 675nm, 700nm, 725nm, 750nm, 775nm, 800nm, 825nm, 850nm, 875nm, 900nm, 925nm, 950nm, 975nm, 1000nm, 1025nm, 1050nm, 1075nm, and/or 1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently transmit light in the range of about 200nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently transmit light in the range of about 200-250nm, 250-300nm, 300-350nm, 350-400nm, 400-450nm, 450-500nm, 500-550nm, 550-600nm, 600-650nm, 650-700nm, 700-750nm, 750-800nm, 800-850nm, 850-900nm, 900-950nm, 950-1000nm, 1000-1050nm and/or 1050-1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 10nm to about 15000 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 10nm to about 200 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb light at about 10nm, 20nm, 30nm, 40nm, 50nm, 60nm, 70nm, 80nm, 90nm, 100nm, 110nm, 120nm, 130nm, 140nm, 150nm, 160nm, 170nm, 180nm, and/or 200 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 10nm to about 200 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 10-20nm, 20-40nm, 40-60nm, 60-80nm, 80-100nm, 100-180 nm, 120-140nm, 140-160nm, 160-180nm, and/or 180-200 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 200nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light at about 200nm, 225nm, 250nm, 275nm, 300nm, 325nm, 350nm, 375nm, 400nm, 425nm, 450nm, 475nm, and/or 500 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 200nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 200-.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 500nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light at about 500nm, 525nm, 550nm, 575nm, 600nm, 625nm, 650nm, 675nm, 700nm, 725nm, 750nm, 775nm, 800nm, 825nm, 850nm, 875nm, 900nm, 925nm, 950nm, 975nm, 1000nm, 1025nm, 1050nm, 1075nm, and/or 1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 500nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 500-550nm, 550-600nm, 600-650nm, 650-700nm, 700-750nm, 750-800nm, 800-850nm, 850-900nm, 900-950nm, 950-1000nm, 1000-1050nm, and/or 1050-1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 1100nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material independently absorb about 1100nm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, 1700nm, 1800nm, 1900nm, 2000nm, 2100nm, 2200nm, 2300nm, 2400nm, 2500nm, 2600nm, 2700nm, 2800nm, 2900nm, 3000nm, 3100nm, 3200nm, 3300nm, 3400nm, 3500nm, 3600nm, 3700nm, 3800nm, 3900nm, 4000nm, 4100nm, 4200nm, 4300nm, 4400nm, 4500nm, 4600nm, 4700nm, 4800nm, 4900nm, 5000nm, 5100nm, 5200nm, 5300nm, 5400nm, 5500nm, 5600nm, 5700nm, 5800nm, 5900nm, 6000nm, 6100nm, 6200nm, 6300nm, 6400nm, 6500nm, 6600nm, 6700, 7900nm, 7600nm, 8400nm, 4700nm, 7700nm, 4700nm, 7700nm, 4700nm, 7900nm, 4700nm, 7700nm, 4700nm, etc, 8900nm, 9000nm, 9100nm, 9200nm, 9300nm, 9400nm, 9500nm, 9600nm, 9700nm, 9800nm, 9900nm, 10000nm, 10100nm, 10200nm, 10300nm, 10400nm, 10500nm, 10600nm, 10700nm, 10800nm, 10900nm, 11000nm, 11100nm, 11200nm, 11300nm, 11400nm, 11500nm, 11600nm, 11700nm, 11800nm, 11900nm, 12000nm, 12100nm, 12200nm, 12300nm, 12400nm, 12500nm, 12600nm, 12700nm, 12800nm, 12900nm, 13000nm, 13100nm, 13200nm, 13300nm, 13400nm, 13500nm, 13600nm, 13700nm, 13800nm, 13900nm, 14000nm, 14300nm, 14200nm, 14100nm, 14400nm, 14300nm, 14400nm, 14700nm, 14500nm, and/or 14625 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently absorb light in the range of about 1100nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles in the mineral powder absorb about 1100-, 7800-8000nm, 8000-8200nm, 8200-8400nm, 8400-8600nm, 8600-8800nm, 8800-9000nm, 9000-9200nm, 9200-9400nm, 9400-9600nm, 9600-9800nm, 9800-10000nm, 10000-10200nm, 1020010400-10600 nm, 10600-10800nm, 10800-11000nm, 11000-11200nm and 11200-11400nm, light in the range of 11400-11600nm, 11600-11800nm, 11800-12000nm, 12000-12200nm, 12200-12400nm, 12400-12600nm, 12600-12800-13000 nm, 13000-13200nm, 13200-13400nm, 13400-13600nm, 13600-13800nm, 13800-14000nm, 14000-14200nm, 14200-14400-14600 nm, 14600-14800nm and/or 14800-15000 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material allow electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 630 to about 800nm to pass through.

In some embodiments, the support material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about 0.5 μm and about 11 μm.

In some embodiments, the support material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength between about 200nm and about 900 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in a range from about 200nm to about 15000 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in the range of about 200nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light at about 200nm, 225nm, 250nm, 275nm, 300nm, 325nm, 350nm, 375nm, 400nm, 425nm, 450nm, 475nm, and/or 500 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in the range of about 200nm to about 500 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in the range of about 200-.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in the range of about 500nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light at about 500nm, 525nm, 550nm, 575nm, 600nm, 625nm, 650nm, 675nm, 700nm, 725nm, 750nm, 775nm, 800nm, 825nm, 850nm, 875nm, 900nm, 925nm, 950nm, 975nm, 1000nm, 1025nm, 1050nm, 1075nm, and/or 1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in the range of about 500nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light at about 500nm, 525nm, 550nm, 575nm, 600nm, 625nm, 650nm, 675nm, 700nm, 725nm, 750nm, 775nm, 800nm, 825nm, 850nm, 875nm, 900nm, 925nm, 950nm, 975nm, 1000nm, 1025nm, 1050nm, 1075nm, and/or 1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in the range of about 1100nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material are independently polarized at about 1100nm, 1200nm, 1300nm, 1400nm, 1500nm, 1600nm, 1700nm, 1800nm, 1900nm, 2000nm, 2100nm, 2200nm, 2300nm, 2400nm, 2500nm, 2600nm, 2700nm, 2800nm, 2900nm, 3000nm, 3100nm, 3200nm, 3300nm, 3400nm, 3500nm, 3600nm, 3700nm, 3800nm, 3900nm, 4000nm, 4100nm, 4200nm, 4300nm, 4400nm, 4500nm, 4600nm, 4700nm, 4800nm, 4900nm, 5000nm, 5100nm, 5200nm, 5300nm, 5400nm, 5500nm, 5600nm, 5700nm, 5800nm, 5900nm, 6000nm, 6100nm, 6200nm, 6300nm, 6400nm, 6500nm, 6600nm, 6700, 7900nm, 7600nm, 8400nm, 4700nm, 7700nm, 4700nm, 7700nm, 8400nm, 7700nm, 7400nm, 7700nm, 4700nm, 7900, 4700nm, 7700nm, 4700nm, etc, 8900nm, 9000nm, 9100nm, 9200nm, 9300nm, 9400nm, 9500nm, 9600nm, 9700nm, 9800nm, 9900nm, 10000nm, 10100nm, 10200nm, 10300nm, 10400nm, 10500nm, 10600nm, 10700nm, 10800nm, 10900nm, 11000nm, 11100nm, 11200nm, 11300nm, 11400nm, 11500nm, 11600nm, 11700nm, 11800nm, 11900nm, 12000nm, 12100nm, 12200nm, 12300nm, 12400nm, 12500nm, 12600nm, 12700nm, 12800nm, 12900nm, 13000nm, 13100nm, 13200nm, 13300nm, 13400nm, 13500nm, 13600nm, 13700nm, 13800nm, 13900nm, 14000nm, 14300nm, 14200nm, 14100nm, 14400nm, 14300nm, 14400nm, 14700nm, 14500nm, and/or 14625 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently polarize light in the range of about 1100nm to about 15000 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the carrier material are independently polarized at about 1100-, 7800-8000nm, 8000-8200nm, 8200-8400nm, 8400-8600nm, 8600-8800nm, 8800-9000nm, 9000-9200nm, 9200-9400nm, 9400-9600nm, 9600-9800nm, 9800-10000nm, 10000-10200nm, 1020010400-10600 nm, 10600-10800nm, 10800-11000nm, 11000-11200nm and 11200-11400nm, light in the range of 11400-11600nm, 11600-11800nm, 11800-12000nm, 12000-12200nm, 12200-12400nm, 12400-12600nm, 12600-12800-13000 nm, 13000-13200nm, 13200-13400nm, 13400-13600nm, 13600-13800nm, 13800-14000nm, 14000-14200nm, 14200-14400-14600 nm, 14600-14800nm and/or 14800-15000 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently fully polarize light. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material are independently partially polarized light.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently emit light in a range from about 200nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material emit light at about 200nm, 225nm, 250nm, 275nm, 300nm, 325nm, 350nm, 375nm, 400nm, 425nm, 450nm, 475nm, 500nm, 525nm, 550nm, 575nm, 600nm, 625nm, 650nm, 675nm, 700nm, 725nm, 750nm, 775nm, 800nm, 825nm, 850nm, 875nm, 900nm, 925nm, 950nm, 975nm, 1000nm, 1025nm, 1050nm, 1075nm, and/or 1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently emit light in a range from about 200nm to about 1100 nm. In some embodiments, the mineral particles and the support material independently emit light in the range of about 200-250nm, 250-300nm, 300-350nm, 350-400nm, 400-450nm, 450-500nm, 500-550nm, 550-600nm, 600-650nm, 650-700nm, 700-750nm, 750-800nm, 800-850nm, 850-900nm, 900-950nm, 950-1000nm, 1000-1050nm and/or 1050-1100 nm.

In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention are fibers and are described in terms of their tenacity (e.g., dry tenacity and wet tenacity).

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprises viscose fiber as a carrier material and has a dry tenacity of about 20cN/tex to about 30cN/tex, e.g., about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, about 25cN/tex, about 26cN/tex, about 27cN/tex, about 28cN/tex, about 29cN/tex, or about 30cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose fibers has a dry tenacity of about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose fibers has a dry tenacity of about 25cN/tex to about 30 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose fibers has a dry tenacity of about 23cN/tex to about 26 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising viscose fibers has a dry tenacity of at least about 20cN/tex, at least about 21cN/tex, at least about 22cN/tex, at least about 23cN/tex, at least about 24cN/tex, at least about 25cN/tex, at least about 26cN/tex, at least 27cN/tex, at least 28cN/tex, at least 29cN/tex, or at least 30 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprises viscose fiber as a carrier material and the wet tenacity is from about 5cN/tex to about 20cN/tex, e.g., about 5cN/tex, about 6cN/tex, about 7cN/tex, about 8cN/tex, about 9cN/tex, about 10cN/tex, about 11cN/tex, about 12cN/tex, about 13cN/tex, about 14cN/tex, or about 15cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the viscose-containing reactive fiber material is from about 10cN/tex to about 15 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the viscose-containing reactive fiber material is at least about 5cN/tex, at least about 6cN/tex, at least about 7cN/tex, at least about 8cN/tex, at least about 9cN/tex, at least about 10cN/tex, at least about 11cN/tex, at least 12cN/tex, at least 13cN/tex, at least 14cN/tex, or at least 15 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises modal as a carrier material and the dry tenacity is from about 30cN/tex to about 40cN/tex, e.g., about 30cN/tex, about 31cN/tex, about 32cN/tex, about 33cN/tex, about 34cN/tex, about 35cN/tex, about 36cN/tex, about 37cN/tex, about 38cN/tex, about 39cN/tex, or about 40cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising modal has a dry tenacity of about 30cN/tex to about 35 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising modal has a dry tenacity of about 35cN/tex to about 40 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising modal has a dry tenacity of at least about 30cN/tex, at least about 31cN/tex, at least about 32cN/tex, at least about 33cN/tex, at least about 34cN/tex, at least about 35cN/tex, at least about 36cN/tex, at least 37cN/tex, at least 38cN/tex, at least 39cN/tex, or at least 40 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises modal as a carrier material and the wet tenacity is from about 15cN/tex to about 25cN/tex, e.g., about 15cN/tex, about 16cN/tex, about 17cN/tex, about 18cN/tex, about 19cN/tex, about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, or about 25cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the modal-containing active fiber material is from about 15cN/tex to about 20 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the modal-containing active fiber material is from about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the modal-containing active fiber material is at least about 15cN/tex, at least about 16cN/tex, at least about 17cN/tex, at least about 18cN/tex, at least about 19cN/tex, at least about 20cN/tex, at least about 21cN/tex, at least 22cN/tex, at least 23cN/tex, at least 24cN/tex, or at least 25 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises lyocell as a carrier material and the dry tenacity is from about 35cN/tex to about 45cN/tex, e.g., about 35cN/tex, about 36cN/tex, about 37cN/tex, about 38cN/tex, about 39cN/tex, about 40cN/tex, about 41cN/tex, about 42cN/tex, about 43cN/tex, about 44cN/tex, or about 45cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising tencel has a dry tenacity of about 35cN/tex to about 40 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising tencel has a dry tenacity of about 40cN/tex to about 45 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising tencel has a dry tenacity of about 38cN/tex to about 42 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising tencel has a dry tenacity of at least about 35cN/tex, at least about 36cN/tex, at least about 37cN/tex, at least about 38cN/tex, at least about 39cN/tex, at least about 40cN/tex, at least about 41cN/tex, at least 42cN/tex, at least 43cN/tex, at least 44cN/tex, or at least 45 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises lyocell as a carrier material and the wet tenacity is from about 30cN/tex to about 50cN/tex, e.g., about 30cN/tex, about 31cN/tex, about 32cN/tex, about 33cN/tex, about 34cN/tex, about 35cN/tex, about 36cN/tex, about 37cN/tex, about 38cN/tex, about 39cN/tex, about 40cN/tex, about 41cN/tex, about 42cN/tex, about 43cN/tex, about 44cN/tex, about 45cN/tex, about 46cN/tex, about 47cN/tex, about 48cN/tex, about 49cN/tex, or about 50cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising tencel has a wet tenacity of about 30cN/tex to about 40 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising tencel has a wet tenacity of about 30cN/tex to about 50 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising lyocell has a wet tenacity of from about 34cN/tex to about 48 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising tencel has a wet tenacity of at least about 34cN/tex, at least about 35cN/tex, at least about 36cN/tex, at least about 37cN/tex, at least about 38cN/tex, at least about 39cN/tex, at least about 40cN/tex, at least 41cN/tex, at least 42cN/tex, at least 43cN/tex, at least 44cN/tex, at least 45cN/tex, at least 46cN/tex, at least 47cN/tex, or at least 48 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises cotton as a carrier material and the dry tenacity is from about 15cN/tex to about 30cN/tex, e.g., about 15cN/tex, about 16cN/tex, about 17cN/tex, about 18cN/tex, about 19cN/tex, about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, about 25cN/tex, about 26cN/tex, about 27cN/tex, about 28cN/tex, about 29cN/tex, or about 30cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising cotton has a dry tenacity of from about 15cN/tex to about 20 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising cotton has a dry tenacity of from about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising cotton has a dry tenacity of about 25cN/tex to about 30 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the cotton-containing active fiber material has a dry tenacity of at least about 20cN/tex, at least about 21cN/tex, at least about 22cN/tex, at least about 23cN/tex, at least about 24cN/tex, at least about 25cN/tex, at least about 26cN/tex, at least 27cN/tex, at least 28cN/tex, at least 29cN/tex, or at least 30 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises cotton as a carrier material and the wet tenacity is from about 20cN/tex to about 35cN/tex, e.g., about 20cN/tex, about 21cN/tex, about 22cN/tex, about 23cN/tex, about 24cN/tex, about 25cN/tex, about 26cN/tex, about 27cN/tex, about 28cN/tex, about 29cN/tex, about 30cN/tex, about 31cN/tex, about 32cN/tex, about 33cN/tex, about 34cN/tex, or about 35cN/tex, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 20cN/tex to about 25 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 25cN/tex to about 30 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 30cN/tex to about 35 cN/tex. In some embodiments, the wet tenacity of the cotton-containing active fiber material is at least about 23cN/tex, at least about 24cN/tex, at least about 25cN/tex, at least about 26cN/tex, at least about 27cN/tex, at least about 28cN/tex, at least about 29cN/tex, at least 30cN/tex, at least 31cN/tex, at least 32cN/tex, at least 33cN/tex, at least 34cN/tex, or at least 35 cN/tex.

In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention are fibers and are described in terms of their elongation to break under dry or wet conditions.

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material includes viscose fiber as a carrier material and the elongation at break (dry condition) is about 10% to about 25%, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, or about 25%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose has an elongation at break (dry condition) of about 15% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose has an elongation at break (dry condition) of about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose has an elongation at break (dry condition) of about 16% to about 21%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry condition) of the viscose-containing reactive fiber material is at least 16%, at least 17%, at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, or at least 21%.

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material includes viscose fiber as a carrier material and the elongation at break (wet condition) is about 20% to about 35%, for example, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, or about 35%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose has an elongation at break (wet condition) of about 20% to about 25%. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprising viscose has an elongation at break (wet condition) of about 25% to about 30%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the viscose-containing reactive fiber material is at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, at least 29%, or at least 30%.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises modal as a carrier material and the elongation at break (dry conditions) is from about 10% to about 20%, e.g., about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising modal has an elongation at break (dry condition) of about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising modal has an elongation at break (dry condition) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising modal has an elongation at break (dry conditions) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises modal as a carrier material and the elongation at break (wet condition) is from about 10% to about 20%, e.g., about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the modal-containing reactive fiber material has an elongation at break (wet condition) of from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the modal-containing reactive fiber material has an elongation at break (wet condition) of about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprising modal has an elongation at break (wet condition) of at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material includes lyocell as a carrier material and the elongation at break (dry conditions) is about 10% to about 20%, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is from about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is from about 14% to about 16%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, or at least 16%.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material includes lyocell as a carrier material and the elongation at break (wet condition) is about 10% to about 20%, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is from about 15% to about 20%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is from about 16% to about 16%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the tencel-containing active fiber material is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, at least 17%, or at least 18%.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material comprises cotton as a carrier material and the elongation at break (dry conditions) is about 5% to about 15%, for example, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, or about 15%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 5% to about 10%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 7% to about 9%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (dry conditions) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, or at least 9%.

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material includes viscose as a carrier material and the elongation at break (wet condition) is about 10% to about 20%, for example, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 10% to about 15%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 12% to about 14%. In some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is from about 15% to about 20% in some embodiments, the elongation at break (wet condition) of the cotton-containing active fiber material is at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 16%, or at least 17%.

In some embodiments, the active materials of the present invention are fibers and are described in terms of their finish.

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material includes viscose as a carrier material and the finish is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material containing viscose has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the smoothness of the viscose-containing reactive fiber material is from about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the reactive fiber material comprising viscose is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprises modal as a carrier material and the finish is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the finish of the modal-containing reactive fiber material is about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the modal-containing reactive fiber material is about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the modal-containing reactive fiber material is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

In some embodiments, the active fiber material includes tencel as a carrier material and the finish is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, e.g., about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the tencel-containing reactive fiber material has a finish of about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the tencel-containing reactive fiber material has a finish of about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the tencel-containing active fiber material is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

In some embodiments, the reactive fiber material comprises cotton as a carrier material and the finish is about 0.15% to about 0.30%, for example, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.20%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, or about 0.30%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the finish of the cotton-containing reactive fiber material is about 0.19% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the cotton-containing reactive fiber material is about 0.24% to about 0.29%. In some embodiments, the finish of the cotton-containing active fiber material is at least 18%, at least 19%, at least 20%, at least 21%, at least 22%, at least 23%, at least 24%, at least 25%, at least 26%, at least 27%, at least 28%, or at least 29%.

Manufacture of active materials

Once the carrier material is selected, and the mineral particles are selected and ground to a powder of the desired size and shape, the active material can be manufactured. In some embodiments, the mineral powder is dispersed, suspended, embedded, or otherwise incorporated into the carrier material using methods known in the art, for example, in a rotating drum with a paddle mixer. In some embodiments, the mineral powder is incorporated into the carrier material using other methods known in the art (e.g., blending). Examples of milling and combining methods are found in U.S. patent nos. 6,204,317, 6,214,264, and 6,218,007.

In some embodiments, the support material is initially in particulate form and dried to remove moisture by employing, for example, a desiccant dryer. In some embodiments, heating or cooling is required before and/or during the step of dispersing, suspending, intercalating or incorporating the mineral to obtain a uniform dispersion.

In some embodiments, once the mineral is dispersed in the carrier material, the resulting active material is cured or hardened.

In some embodiments, the active material is prepared in the form of an extruded fiber. The basic techniques for extrusion forming polyester fibers from commercially available raw materials are familiar to those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail herein. Such conventional techniques are well suited for forming the fibers of the present invention and are described in U.S. patent No. 6,067,785, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

In some embodiments, after extrusion, the fibers are combined by a spinning process, preferably using a rotary spinner, to obtain a yarn. In some embodiments, the size of the holes in the rotary spinner range from about 6 microns to about 30 microns.

In some embodiments, the step of spinning the fibers of the present invention into a yarn comprises spinning staple fibers having a denier per fiber of about 1 to about 3; thus, the prior step of spinning the molten polyester into fibers also includes forming fibers having these dimensions. The fibers are typically heat-set prior to being cut into staple fibers using conventional techniques. In some embodiments, when the extruded fibers are cured, they are drawn to impart strength using methods known in the art.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a method of making an active fiber material comprising: suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material, thereby providing an active fibrous material, wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 20% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1% to about 5% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 5% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 1.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 2% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 2.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 3% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 3.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 4% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 4.5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material. In some embodiments, the mineral particles comprise from about 5% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises reducing the average particle size of the mineral particles to less than about 2.0 μm prior to suspending the mineral particles in the support material.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises spinning the reactive fiber material to provide a yarn. In some embodiments, the method further comprises weaving the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric. In some embodiments, the method further comprises knitting the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

In some embodiments, the method further comprises forming a fabric, typically a woven or knitted fabric formed from spun yarns in combination with natural and synthetic fibers. Typical natural fibers include, but are not limited to, cotton, wool, hemp, silk, ramie, and jute. Other typical synthetic fibers include acrylic, acetate, lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, and rayon. In some embodiments, the method further comprises forming a nonwoven fabric. In some embodiments, the method further comprises preparing a nonwoven fabric from the active fiber material.

In some embodiments, the mineral comprises from about 0.5% to about 10% of the active material. In some embodiments, the mineral comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% of the active material. In some embodiments, the mineral comprises about 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%, 3.0%, 3.5%, 4.0%, 4.5%, or 5.0% of the active material

In some embodiments, the mineral comprises from about 0.5% to about 10% of the active material. In some embodiments, the mineral comprises from about 0.5% to about 5% of the active material. In some embodiments, the mineral comprises 0.5-1.0%, 1.0-1.5%, 1.5-2.0%, 2.0-2.5%, 2.5-3.0%, 3.0-4.0%, or 4.0-5.0% of the active material.

Processing of active materials

The active materials described herein can be processed into different forms depending on the application requirements. In some embodiments, the active material may form useful structural units, such as fibers or films. In some embodiments, the active material forms beads or particles having an average size of less than about 5cm, less than about 1cm, or less than about 0.5 cm.

In some embodiments, after combining the mineral powder and the carrier material, the resulting liquid, viscous oil, or semi-solid is extruded into various shapes and forms. In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into a fiber. In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into staple fibers of various lengths. Examples of such extrusion processes known in the art are found in the previously published references and in U.S. patent No. 6,067,785.

In some embodiments, once the active material is extruded into various forms, it is dried, cured, and/or hardened.

Once the polymeric material system is extruded into a fibrous form, in some embodiments, the fibers are combined by a spinning process, for example using a rotary spinning machine, to obtain a yarn. In some embodiments, the size of the holes in the rotary spinner range from about 6 microns to about 30 microns.

In some embodiments, the step of spinning the fibers into a yarn comprises spinning staple fibers of about 1 to about 3 denier per fiber; thus, the prior step of spinning the molten polyester into fibers also includes forming fibers having these dimensions. The fibers are typically heat-set prior to being cut into staple fibers using conventional techniques. In some embodiments, when the extruded fibers are cured, they are drawn by methods known in the art to impart strength.

In some embodiments, the yarns made from the active material are further formed into fabrics or textiles, typically by combining with natural and synthetic fibers to form woven or knitted fabrics. Non-limiting examples of natural fibers include cotton, wool, hemp, silk, ramie, and jute. Non-limiting examples of synthetic fibers include acrylic, acetate, nylon, and the like,(lycra), spandex, polyester, nylon, and rayon.

In some embodiments, yarns made with active materials are dyed. In some embodiments, fabrics or textiles made from active materials that include yarns are dyed. The dyes may be synthetic or natural. Non-limiting examples of dye types include direct dyes, acid dyes, disperse dyes, reactive dyes, basic dyes, mordant dyes, sulfur dyes, and vat dyes.

In some embodiments, yarns made from the active material are incorporated into blends of cotton and polyester in any proportion. In some embodiments, the blend comprises about 35% to about 65% by weight cotton with the remainder being polyester. In some embodiments, the blend is about 35/65 (35% cotton and 65% polyester by weight), 36/64, 37/63, 38/62, 39/61, 40/60, 41/59, 42/58, 43/57, 44/56, 45/55, 46/54, 47/53, 48/52, 49/51, 50/50, 51/49, 52/48, 53/47, 54/46, 55/45, 56/44, 57/43, 58/42, 59/41, 60/40, 61/39, 62/38, 63/37, 64/36, or 65/35.

In some embodiments, yarns made from active materials are incorporated into blends of cotton and polyester of 50% cotton and 50% polyester (50/50).

In some embodiments, the active material may be made into different fibers. Other methods of producing fibers are equally suitable, such as U.S. patent nos. 3,341,512; 3,377,129, respectively; 4,666,454, respectively; 4,975,233, respectively; 5,008,230, respectively; 5,091,504, respectively; 5,135,697, respectively; 5,272,246, respectively; 4,270,913, respectively; 4,384,450, respectively; 4,466,237, respectively; 4,113,794, respectively; and 5,694,754, which are expressly incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into short fibers having a length of about 0.1cm to 15 cm. In some embodiments, the staple fiber is about 0.1cm, 0.2cm, 0.3cm, 0.4cm, 0.5cm, 0.6cm, 0.7cm, 0.8cm, 0.9cm, 1.0cm, 1.1cm, 1.2cm, 1.3cm, 1.4cm, 1.5cm, 1.6cm, 1.7cm, 1.8cm, 1.9cm, 2.0cm, 2.1cm, 2.2cm, 2.3cm, 2.4cm, 2.5cm, 2.6cm, 2.7cm, 2.8cm, 2.9cm, 3.0cm, 3.1cm, 3.2cm, 3.3cm, 3.4cm, 3.5cm, 3.6cm, 3.7cm, 3.8cm, 3.9cm, 4.0cm, 4.1cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 5cm, 5.6cm, 5cm, 4.6cm, 5cm, 5.6cm, 5cm, 3.6cm, 3.7cm, 3.6cm, 3.8cm, 3.9cm, 4.9cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 5cm, 3.6cm, 5cm, 4.6cm, 3.6cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 7.6cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 7.6cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 7.6cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6cm, 4cm, 4.6cm, 7cm, 4.6, 8.2cm, 8.3cm, 8.4cm, 8.5cm, 8.6cm, 8.7cm, 8.8cm, 8.9cm, 9.0cm, 9.1cm, 9.2cm, 9.3cm, 9.4cm, 9.5cm, 9.6cm, 9.7cm, 9.8cm, 9.9cm, 10.0cm, 10.1cm, 10.2cm, 10.3cm, 10.4cm, 10.5cm, 10.6cm, 10.7cm, 10.8cm, 10.9cm, 11.0cm, 11.1cm, 11.2cm, 11.3cm, 11.4cm, 11.5cm, 11.6cm, 11.7cm, 11.8cm, 11.9cm, 12.0cm, 12.1cm, 12.2cm, 12.3cm, 12.4cm, 12.5cm, 12.6cm, 12.7cm, 13.8cm, 14.14 cm, 14 cm, 14.6cm, 13.6cm, 13.7cm, 13.14 cm, 14.14 cm, 14 cm, 14.6cm, 13.7cm, 13.14 cm, 13.8cm, 14 cm, 14.14 cm, 14.6cm, 14 cm, 14.6cm, 14 cm, 14.6cm, 14.14.6 cm, 14.6cm, 14 cm, 14.6cm, 14 cm, 14.6cm, 14 cm, or more.

In some embodiments, the polyester blend is used to make staple fibers. In some embodiments, staple fibers are used to make the nonwoven film.

In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into a film having a thickness of about 0.05mm to 1.00 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the active material extruded film is about 0.05mm, 0.06mm, 0.07mm, 0.08mm, 0.09mm, 0.10mm, 0.11mm, 0.12mm, 0.13mm, 0.14mm, 0.15mm, 0.16mm, 0.17mm, 0.18mm, 0.19mm, 0.20mm, 0.21mm, 0.22mm, 0.23mm, 0.24mm, 0.25mm, 0.26mm, 0.27mm, 0.28mm, 0.29mm, 0.30mm, 0.31mm, 0.32mm, 0.33mm, 0.34mm, 0.35mm, 0.36mm, 0.37mm, 0.38mm, 0.39mm, 0.40mm, 0.41mm, 0.42mm, 0.43mm, 0.44mm, 0.45mm, 0.36mm, 0.37mm, 0.54mm, 0.75mm, 0.54mm, 0.73mm, 0.54mm, 0.75mm, 0.54mm, 0.75mm, 0.73mm, 0.75mm, 0.73mm, 0.75mm, 0.73mm, 0.75mm, 0.73mm, 0., 0.83mm, 0.84mm, 0.85mm, 0.86mm, 0.87mm, 0.88mm, 0.89mm, 0.90mm, 0.91mm, 0.92mm, 0.93mm, 0.94mm, 0.95mm, 0.96mm, 0.97mm, 0.98mm, 0.99mm or 1.00 mm.

In some embodiments, the active material is extruded into a film having a thickness of about 0.05mm to 0.5 mm. In some embodiments, the thickness of the active material extruded film ranges from about 0.05 to 0.06mm, 0.06 to 0.08mm, 0.09 to 0.10mm, 0.10 to 0.12mm, 0.12 to 0.14mm, 0.14 to 0.16mm, 0.16 to 0.18mm, 0.18 to 0.20mm, 0.20 to 0.22mm, 0.22 to 0.24mm, 0.24 to 0.26mm, 0.26 to 0.28mm, 0.28 to 0.30mm, 0.30 to 0.32mm, 0.32 to 0.34mm, 0.34 to 0.36mm, 0.36 to 0.38mm, 0.38 to 0.40mm, 0.40 to 0.42mm, 0.42 to 0.44mm, 0.44 to 0.46mm, 0.46 to 0.48mm, or 0.50 mm.

In some embodiments, the active material is extruded, woven, or nonwoven into a sheet having a thickness of about 1mm to 100 mm. In some embodiments, the active material extruded sheet has a thickness of about 1mm, 2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, 11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm, 15mm, 16mm, 17mm, 18mm, 19mm, 20mm, 21mm, 22mm, 23mm, 24mm, 25mm, 26mm, 27mm, 28mm, 29mm, 30mm, 31mm, 32mm, 33mm, 34mm, 35mm, 36mm, 37mm, 38mm, 39mm, 40mm, 41mm, 42mm, 43mm, 44mm, 45mm, 46mm, 47mm, 48mm, 49mm, 50mm, 51mm, 52mm, 53mm, 54mm, 55mm, 56mm, 57mm, 58mm, 59mm, 60mm, 61mm, 62mm, 63mm, 64mm, 65mm, 66mm, 67mm, 69mm, 70mm, 73mm, 77mm, 73mm, and so forth, 79mm, 80mm, 81mm, 82mm, 83mm, 84mm, 85mm, 86mm, 87mm, 88mm, 89mm, 90mm, 91mm, 92mm, 93mm, 94mm, 95mm, 96mm, 97mm, 98mm, 99mm or 100 mm.

Products made of active materials

As described herein, the active material can be extruded into different types of fibers to form a fabric or textile, or the active material can be extruded into a film. These materials can then be converted into various products that can be used for weaving. Non-limiting examples of such products include upholstery, fashion products, socks, footwear, sportswear, athletic apparel, base layers (base layers), gloves, and bandages.

In some embodiments, the present invention provides a fabric comprising the reactive fiber disclosed herein or the yarn disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises one or more natural fibers. In some embodiments, the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, hemp, silk, ramie, jute, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of acrylic, acetate, lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, and rayon, and mixtures thereof.

In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 100% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein, for example, about 32%, about 34%, about 36%, about 38%, about 40%, about 42%, about 44%, about 46%, about 48%, about 50%, about 52%, about 54%, about 56%, about 58%, about 60%, about 62%, about 64%, about 66%, about 68%, about 70%, about 72%, about 74%, about 76%, about 78%, about 80%, about 82%, about 84%, about 86%, about 88%, about 90%, about 92%, about 94%, about 96%, about 98%, or about 100%, including all ranges and values therebetween, and mixtures thereof. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 95% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 90% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 80% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 70% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 60% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 40% to about 60% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 50% to about 60% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 33% to about 47% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises at least about 40 wt%, at least about 41 wt%, at least about 42 wt%, at least about 43 wt%, at least about 44 wt%, at least about 45 wt%, at least about 46 wt%, at least about 47 wt%, at least about 48 wt%, at least about 49 wt%, or at least about 50 wt% of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises at least about 42% by weight of the reactive fiber material disclosed herein.

In some embodiments, the fabric comprises the reactive fiber material of the present invention or the yarn of the present invention; cotton; and a polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises the active fiber material of the present invention; cotton; and a polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises the yarn of the present invention; cotton; and a polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 80% of the reactive fiber material or yarn disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 60% of the active fiber material or yarn disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 5% to about 20% cotton. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises from about 5% to about 20% polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 80% of the reactive fiber material or yarn disclosed herein, about 10% cotton, and about 10% polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric comprises about 60% of the reactive fiber material or yarn disclosed herein, about 20% cotton, and about 20% polyester. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is from about 30gsm to about 950gsm, including about 30gsm, about 50gsm, about 100gsm, about 150gsm, about 200gsm, about 250gsm, about 300gsm, about 350gsm, about 400gsm, about 450gsm, about 500gsm, about 550gsm, about 600gsm, about 650gsm, about 700gsm, about 750gsm, about 800gsm, about 850gsm, about 900gsm, or about 950gsm, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is from about 30gsm to about 500 gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is from about 30gsm to about 250 gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is from about 30gsm to about 150 gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is from about 250gsm to about 500 gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is from about 500gsm to about 750 gsm. In some embodiments, the fabric weight is from about 750gsm to about 950 gsm.

In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics or yarns of the invention are characterized in that they are capable of increasing the trans-dermal oxygen partial pressure (tcPO) compared to a placebo control (placebo comparator)₂). Transcutaneous oximetry is a non-invasive skin oxygenation measurement, providing tcPO₂The value is obtained. Measurement of tcPO₂The methods of (a) are familiar to the person skilled in the art. tcPO of the fibers, fabrics or yarns of the invention₂Increase (tcPO)₂) By tcPO of the fiber, fabric or yarn of the invention₂tcPO with placebo fiber, fabric or yarn (i.e., fiber, fabric or yarn without mineral particles, substantially similar in construction)₂And (5) comparing and calculating. According to the invention, the test conditions for placebo and active materials are substantially similar (e.g., in determining tcPO)₂Previously, placebo and active material samples were inAbout the same temperature conditions for about the same amount of time on the skin, etc.). The transdermal oxygen partial pressure of the placebo fiber, fabric or yarn is referred to herein as "baseline tcPO₂". tcPO provided by active materials of the invention₂The increase in (d) is calculated using the following formula:

tcPO₂increase [ (tcPO) ]₂Active material-Baseline tcPO₂) Base line tcPO₂]x 100

For example, if tcPO of active material₂The measurement was 60mm Hg with baseline tcPO₂Measured at 55mm Hg, tcPO₂The% increase will be 9.1%. Thus, tcPO from baseline₂In contrast, the above active material provided 9.1% tcPO₂And (4) increasing.

In some embodiments, tcPO to baseline₂In contrast, the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present invention provide a partial trans-dermal oxygen pressure (tcPO) of at least about 5%, at least about 6%, at least about 7%, at least about 8%, at least about 9%, at least about 10%, at least about 11%, at least about 12%, at least about 13%, or at least about 14%₂) And (4) increasing. In some embodiments, tcPO to baseline₂In contrast, the fabrics of the present invention provide a partial trans-skin oxygen pressure (tcPO) of at least about 7%₂) And (4) increasing.

In some embodiments, tcPO to baseline₂In contrast, the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present invention provide a partial trans-dermal oxygen pressure (tcPO) of about 7% to about 20%₂) An increase, for example, of about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20%, including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, tcPO to baseline₂In contrast, the fiber, fabric or yarn provides a partial trans-dermal oxygen pressure (tcPO) of about 9.4% to about 14.3%₂) And (4) increasing.

In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics or yarns of the present invention are characterized in that they are capable of increasing emissivity as compared to a placebo control. As known to those skilled in the art, emissivity is a measure of the ability of a material to emit infrared energy (IR output). Methods for determining emissivity are familiar to those skilled in the art. The increase in emissivity of the fiber, fabric or yarn of the invention (referred to herein as the "launch power difference" (or "Δ EP")) is calculated by comparing the emissivity of the fiber, fabric or yarn of the invention with a placebo fiber, fabric or yarn of the invention (i.e., a material of similar structure that does not contain mineral particles). As described herein, the transmit power difference is calculated using the following equation:

ΔEP＝EP_DF–EP_CF

in which EP_DFIs an emission power (mW/cm) of 2.5 to 20 μm measured at 35 ℃ of the fabric of the invention²)，EP_CFEmission power (mW/cm) of 2.5-20 μm measured at 35 ℃ for the control fabric²). For example, if EP is based on the above formula_DFMeasured value of (2) was 37mW/cm²，EP_CFMeasured value of (2) was 36.75mW/cm²Then the transmit power difference (Δ EP) would be 0.25mW/cm². Thus, the Δ EP of the above fabric is 0.25mW/cm²。

In some embodiments, the emission power difference (Δ EP) of the fiber, fabric or yarn of the present invention is about 0.05mW/cm²To about 2mW/cm²For example, about 0.05mW/cm²About 0.1mW/cm²About 0.15mW/cm²About 0.2mW/cm²About 0.25mW/cm²About 0.3mW/cm²About 0.35mW/cm²About 0.4mW/cm²About 0.45mW/cm²About 0.5mW/cm²About 0.55mW/cm²About 0.6mW/cm²About 0.65mW/cm²About 0.7mW/cm²About 0.75mW/cm²About 0.8mW/cm²About 0.85mW/cm²About 0.9mW/cm²About 1mW/cm²About 1.05mW/cm²About 1.1mW/cm²About 1.15mW/cm²About 1.2mW/cm²About 1.25mW/cm²About 1.3mW/cm²About 1.35mW/cm²About 1.4mW/cm²About 1.45mW/cm²About 1.5mW/cm²About 1.55mW/cm²About 1.6mW/cm²About 1.65mW/cm²About 1.7mW/cm²About 1.75mW/cm²About 1.8mW/cm²About 1.85mW/cm²About 1.9mW/cm²Or about 2mW/cm²Including all ranges and values therebetween. In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.25mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.3mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.35mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.4mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.45mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.50mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.55mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.6mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.65mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.7mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 0.75mW/cm². In some embodiments, the delta EP of the fiber, fabric or yarn is at least about 1mW/cm²。

In some embodiments, the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present invention are characterized by their mineral content. In some embodiments, mineral content is determined by performing an ash test on the fibers, fabrics, or yarns of the present invention. Typically, the ash test referred to herein involves burning a sample of fiber, fabric, or yarn in an oven set to a fixed temperature. In some embodiments, ash testing is performed according to known industry standards, including ASTM D2584 test standard and ASTM D5630 test standard. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 0.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 1.0%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 1.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 2.0%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 2.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 3.0%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 3.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 4.0%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 4.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 5.0%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 5.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 6.0%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 5.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 7.0%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 7.5%. In some embodiments, the ash value of the inventive fabric is at least 8.0%.

Examples of the invention

Example 1: representative methods for preparing the reactive fiber materials of the present invention

Methods of disposing particles are familiar to those skilled in the art, for example, as described in Mahltig, B. "cellular-Based Composite Fibers" Inorganic and Composite Fibers: Production, Properties, and applications, Cambridge, UK: Woodhead Publishing,2018,277, 301, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

For example, cellulose fibers (viscose, lyocell, etc.) are dissolved in ionic liquids, such as N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO), 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMac), or 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl). Fibers were spun from this solution. The inorganic component is then introduced into the spinning solution, which results in incorporation into the formed fiber.

Example 2: the active fiber material of the invention

An activated fibrous material was prepared containing about 5% mineral particles and about 10% mineral particles by weight of the fibrous material. The carrier material is viscose. Figure 1A shows a viscose-containing reactive fiber material containing about 5% mineral particles by weight of the fiber material. Figure 1B shows a viscose-containing reactive fiber material containing about 10% mineral particles by weight of the fiber material.

The table below shows the fiber properties of two viscose fibers containing 5% of mineral particles by weight of the fibers and a reference sample without mineral particles.

A fabric having the following composition was prepared: 60% viscose-containing reactive fiber material (5% mineral particles by weight of the reactive fiber material); 20% cotton and 20% polyester. And baseline tcPO₂In contrast, tcPO of the fabrics₂The increase was 9.4% to 14.3%. The ash test value of the fabric is 3.13% -3.17%.

Is incorporated by reference

All references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications and patent applications cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. However, any references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications and patent applications cited herein are not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that they form part of the common general knowledge or the prior art in any country in the world.

Numbering embodiments

1. An active fibrous material comprising:

a cellulosic or semi-cellulosic material; and

a plurality of mineral particles disposed within a carrier material,

wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

2. The activated fiber material of embodiment 1 wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 2% to about 7% by weight of the fiber material.

3. The activated fiber material of embodiment 1, wherein the mineral particles comprise about 5% by weight of the fiber material.

4. The activated fiber material of embodiment 1, wherein the mineral particles comprise about 10% by weight of the fiber material.

5. The active fiber material according to any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose support material is selected from the group consisting of lyocell, modal, rayon, viscose and mixtures thereof.

6. The active fiber material of embodiment 5, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material comprises the group consisting of lyocell, modal, rayon, or viscose fibers, or mixtures thereof.

7. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-4, wherein the cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material is viscose.

8. The active fiber material of any of embodiments 1-7, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material is made from bamboo, soy, or sugar cane.

9. The active fiber material of any of embodiments 1-7, wherein the cellulose or hemicellulose carrier material is manufactured from trees.

10. The reactive fiber material of embodiment 9, wherein the tree is softwood.

11. The active fiber material of embodiment 10, wherein the softwood is selected from the group consisting of spruce, pine, fir, larch, hemlock and mixtures thereof.

12. The activated fiber material of embodiment 9, wherein the tree is a hardwood.

13. The activated fiber material of embodiment 12, wherein the hardwood is selected from the group consisting of oak, beech, birch, poplar, eucalyptus, and mixtures thereof.

14. The activated fiber material of embodiment 12, wherein the hardwood is not eucalyptus.

15. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-14, wherein the mineral particles are electromagnetically active mineral particles.

16. The active fiber material of any of embodiments 1-15, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 2.0 μ ι η.

17. The active fiber material of any of embodiments 1-16, wherein the mineral particles have an average particle size of less than about 1.5 μ ι η.

18. The active fiber material according to any of embodiments 1-17, wherein the mineral particles are selected from the group consisting of silicon carbide (SiC), calcium carbide (CaC)₂) Titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Alumina (Al)₂O₃) Silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Stone, zirconia, quartz, boron, tourmaline, manganese, kaolin, silica, carbon, amethyst, chalcedony, and mixtures thereof.

19. The active fiber material of any of embodiments 1-17, wherein the mineral particles comprise silicon carbide (SiC), titanium dioxide (TiO)₂) Zirconium dioxide ((ZrO)₂) Alumina (Al)₂O₃) Or silicon dioxide (SiO)₂) Or mixtures thereof.

Adding the other minerals.

20. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein the reactive fiber material allows passage of electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 630 to about 800 nm.

21. The activated fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-19 wherein the mineral particles are active to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 0.601 to about 1.015 μ ι η.

22. The active fiber material of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein the support material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 0.5 μ ι η to about 11 μ ι η.

23. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein the support material is transparent to electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 200nm to about 900 nm.

24. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein the reactive fiber material absorbs electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of from about 400nm to about 14,000 nm.

25. The active fiber material of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein the active fiber material polarizes electromagnetic radiation having a wavelength of about 400nm to about 14,000 nm.

26. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein the reactive fiber material emits light having a wavelength of from about 200nm to about 1,100 nm.

27. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein the reactive fiber material emits light having a wavelength of from about 350nm to about 800 nm.

28. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-27, wherein the dry tenacity of the reactive fiber material is from about 20cN/tex to about 28 cN/tex.

29. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-28, wherein the elongation at break (dry condition) of the reactive fiber material is from about 16% to about 25%.

30. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-29, wherein the finish of the reactive fiber material is about 0.15% to about 0.40%.

31. The reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-30, wherein the reactive fiber material is in the form of a yarn.

32. The reactive fiber material of embodiment 31, wherein the yarn is a spun yarn.

33. A fabric comprising the reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-30 or the yarn of any of embodiments 31-32.

34. The fabric of embodiment 33, wherein the active fiber material of any one of embodiments 1-30 is in the form of a nonwoven fabric.

35. The fabric of any of embodiments 33-34, further comprising one or more natural or synthetic fibers.

36. The fabric of embodiment 35, wherein the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of cotton, wool, hemp, silk, ramie, jute, and mixtures thereof.

37. The fabric of embodiment 35, wherein the one or more natural or synthetic fibers are selected from the group consisting of acrylic, acetate, lycra, spandex, polyester, nylon, rayon, polyurethane, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyethylene, and mixtures thereof.

38. The fabric of any of embodiments 33-37, wherein the fabric comprises from about 30% to about 100% by weight of the reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-30.

39. The fabric of any of embodiments 33-38, wherein the fabric comprises:

an active fiber material of any one of embodiments 1-30 or a yarn of any one of embodiments 31-32;

cotton; and

a polyester.

40. The fabric of embodiment 39, wherein the fabric comprises:

about 60% of the reactive fiber material of any of embodiments 1-30 or the yarn of any of embodiments 31-32;

about 20% cotton; and

about 20% polyester.

41. The fabric of any of embodiments 33-40, wherein the fabric has a weight of about 30gsm to about 950 gsm.

42. The fabric of any of embodiments 33-40, wherein tcPO from baseline₂In contrast, the transdermal oxygen partial pressure (tcPO) of the fabric₂) The increase is at least about 7%.

43. The fabric of any of embodiments 33-42, wherein tcPO from baseline₂In contrast, the transdermal oxygen partial pressure (tcPO) of the fabric₂) The increase is about 9.4% to about 14.3%.

44. The fabric of any of embodiments 33-43, wherein the fabric has a transmit power difference (Δ EP) of about 0.25mW/cm²To about 2.00mW/cm²。

45. Root of herbaceous plantThe fabric of any of embodiments 33-44, wherein the fabric has a Δ EP of at least about 0.25mW/cm²。

46. A method of making an active fiber material comprising: suspending a plurality of mineral particles in a cellulosic or hemicellulosic carrier material, thereby providing an active fibrous material, wherein the mineral particles comprise from about 1.25% to about 10% by weight of the fibrous material.

47. The method of embodiment 46, further comprising reducing the average particle size of the mineral particles to less than about 2.0 μ ι η prior to suspending the mineral particles in a support material.

48. The method of embodiment 47, further comprising spinning the active fiber material to provide a yarn.

49. The method of embodiment 48, further comprising weaving the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

50. The method of embodiment 49, further comprising knitting the yarn with one or more natural or synthetic fibers to provide a fabric.

51. The method of embodiment 47, further comprising preparing a nonwoven fabric from the active fiber material.

52. An active fibrous material made by the method of any one of embodiments 46-47.

53. A fabric made by the method of any one of embodiments 49-51.

54. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, or the fabric of any of embodiments 33-45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric has an ash measurement of at least 1.0%.

55. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, or the fabric of any of embodiments 33-45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric has an ash measurement of at least 1.5%.

56. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, or the fabric of any of embodiments 33-45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric has an ash measurement of at least 2.0%.

57. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, or the fabric of any of embodiments 33-45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric has an ash measurement of at least 2.5%.

58. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, or the fabric of any of embodiments 33-45, wherein the fiber, yarn, or fabric has an ash measurement of at least 3.0%.

59. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, or the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, wherein tcPO is compared to baseline₂In contrast, the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen (tcPO) of the fiber or yarn₂) The increase is at least about 7%.

60. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, or the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, wherein tcPO is compared to baseline₂In contrast, the partial pressure of transcutaneous oxygen (tcPO) of the fiber or yarn₂) The increase is about 9.4% to about 14.3%.

61. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, or the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, wherein the fiber or yarn has an emission power difference (Δ EP) of about 0.25mW/cm²To about 2.00mW/cm²。

62. The fibrous material of any of embodiments 1-31 or 52, or the yarn of any of embodiments 33-34, wherein the fiber or yarn has a delta EP of at least about 0.25mW/cm²。