阅读说明：本技术 一种黄芩地上、地下部分高质量采收利用的方法 (Method for high-quality recovery and utilization of overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis ) 是由 赵明 段金廒 许朝且 张森 严辉 郭盛 宿树兰 于 2020-06-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种黄芩地上、地下部分高质量采收利用的方法,属于中药栽培技术领域。所述方法包括：于2年生或3年生栽培黄芩盛花后期采收地上部分；于当年药材采收期,地上部分未出苗时采收黄芩地下部分。本发明在高效利用地上部分资源的同时,不影响地下部位的生物量且能显著提高其质量,为黄芩资源的综合高效利用提供了可行途径。该方法能够保障黄芩地上部分中高含量的异红花素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸苷,保障黄芩地上部分的生物量和质量,可提供高质高量的黄芩地上部分生产原料,提供高质量黄芩地下部位供黄芩药材生产使用。(The invention provides a method for high-quality recovery and utilization of overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicines. The method comprises the following steps: collecting aerial parts of radix Scutellariae at late stage of full bloom of 2-year-old or 3-year-old; and (4) harvesting the underground part of the scutellaria baicalensis when the overground part does not emerge in the current medicinal material harvesting period. The invention can effectively utilize the overground part of resources, simultaneously does not influence the biomass of underground parts, can obviously improve the quality of the underground parts, and provides a feasible way for the comprehensive and efficient utilization of the scutellaria baicalensis resources. The method can ensure high content of isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide in aerial parts of Scutellariae radix, ensure biomass and quality of aerial parts of Scutellariae radix, provide high quality production raw material for aerial parts of Scutellariae radix, and provide high quality underground parts of Scutellariae radix for production of Scutellariae radix medicinal materials.)

1. A method for high-quality recovery and utilization of overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis is characterized by comprising the following steps: cultivating Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi 2 years or 3 years old, collecting aerial part more than 3-5cm in late 8 months (late full bloom), and collecting underground part in 10 months (medicinal material collection period) in the current year; compared with the overground part harvested in 10 months, the biomass of the overground part harvested in the last 8 months of the cultivated scutellaria baicalensis for 2 years is increased by 26.92%, the total content of four main flavonoid compounds is increased by 179.44%, the content of isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide is increased by 259.67% (30.50mg/g), the content of carthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide is increased by 117.41% (12.11mg/g), the content of scutellarin is increased by 114.67% (15.86mg/g), and the content of baicalin is increased by 330.17% (4.99 mg/g); the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonoside in the underground part is increased by 20.14% compared with that of the part which is not harvested on the ground for 8 months, wherein the content of baicalin is increased by 21.46% (137.00mg/g), the content of wogonoside is increased by 22.87% (27.13mg/g), and the content of baicalein is increased by 12.90% (13.83 mg/g).

2. The method for high-quality recovery and utilization of the overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: 3 years old, cultivating the scutellaria baicalensis, and harvesting the overground part in the last 8 months; the underground part is harvested in 10 months in the same year, the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin in the harvested underground part of the scutellaria baicalensis is increased by 23.79 percent compared with that of the underground part which is not harvested, wherein the content of the baicalin is increased by 25.41 percent (142.91mg/g), the content of the wogonoside is increased by 20.05 percent (27.36mg/g), the content of the baicalein is increased by 22.27 percent (15.76mg/g), and the content of the wogonin is increased by 11.56 percent (7.24 mg/g).

3. The method for high-quality recovery and utilization of the overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the obtained aerial part of Scutellariae radix can be used as high quality raw material for preparing active compounds or active parts such as isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide extract, scutellarin, and total flavone; the collected underground part can be used for producing scutellaria baicalensis medicinal materials.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a high-quality harvesting method for overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

Background

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is a perennial herb of Labiatae, and has the effects of clearing heat and drying dampness, purging fire and removing toxicity, stopping bleeding and preventing miscarriage by using roots (underground parts) as a traditional medicine, wherein flavonoids compounds such as baicalin, wogonin and aglycone thereof are main effective substances. The scutellaria baicalensis is widely used in clinic and has large demand, and about 70 percent of Chinese patent medicines in China contain the scutellaria baicalensis, such as scutellaria baicalensis capsules and the like. The cultivated scutellaria has become the main source of medicinal materials of scutellaria, and a large amount of cultivation is carried out in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hebei, Gansu and other areas. At present, medicinal parts of scutellaria baicalensis are mainly underground parts, but in recent years, the demand and the planting scale of medicinal scutellaria baicalensis are greatly increased, soil management is misleading, the planting age is insufficient, and continuous cropping obstacles of soil are increasingly serious, so that the quality of scutellaria baicalensis is reduced (for example, the content of main functional substances such as baicalin and wogonoside in the underground parts is reduced), and therefore, the method has a remarkable significance in strengthening intervention in scutellaria baicalensis planting or harvesting links and improving the quality of scutellaria baicalensis medicinal materials.

The aerial part of radix Scutellariae is rich in root-like flavonoids such as scutellarin, baicalin, and isosafflower-7-O-glucuronide, and has antibacterial, antiinflammatory, and neuroprotective pharmacological activities, and potential medicinal value. The chemical dynamic analysis of the stem and leaf resources of the scutellaria baicalensis shows that the stem and leaf resources of the scutellaria baicalensis in 7 and 8 months have higher flavone content and richer biomass, and are suitable for harvesting. In the modern scutellaria baicalensis cultivation process, only a small part of overground parts are harvested and utilized (such as scutellaria baicalensis stem leaf tea), and most of overground parts are smashed or burnt and discarded after naturally withered due to low economic benefit, so that pressure is brought to the ecological environment, and resource waste is realized. Therefore, whether the overground part is suitable for the recovery period to obtain high-quality medicine resources can be realized, the production quality of the underground part is not influenced or improved, and the method has important significance on whether the scutellaria baicalensis resources can be fully utilized.

As described in patent CN107041214A, the method comprises continuously picking stem and leaf of Scutellariae radix for multiple times when the aerial part grows to 20-30cm in 5-8 months, and increasing the content of compounds such as baicalin by 16.71% and wogonoside by 14.36% after 3 times of picking. Compared with the method, the method aims at obtaining high-quality overground part resources, is convenient and quick to operate, is suitable for industrial production, and obviously improves the quality of underground parts of the scutellaria baicalensis, wherein the contents of baicalin and wogonoside are respectively increased by 21.46-25.41% and 20.05-22.87%.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for high-quality recovery and utilization of overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis, which can not affect the biomass of the underground part and obviously improve the quality of the underground part while efficiently utilizing the resources of the overground part, and provides a feasible way for comprehensive and efficient utilization of scutellaria baicalensis resources. The method can ensure high content of isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide in aerial parts, biomass and quality of aerial parts of radix Scutellariae, provide high quality and high quantity of aerial parts of radix Scutellariae, and provide high quality underground parts of radix Scutellariae for production and use of radix Scutellariae medicinal materials. The method realizes the recovery of the stem and leaf resources, improves the production efficiency (on quality and yield), and lays a foundation for the industrial development and utilization of the stem and leaf resources.

The method takes 2-year or 3-year-old cultivated scutellaria baicalensis as an experimental object, and collects the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis in the late 8-month ten days of blooming; collecting underground part of Scutellariae radix before emergence of seedling in the 10 month harvesting period.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a method for respectively harvesting and utilizing overground and underground parts of radix Scutellariae comprises cultivating radix Scutellariae of 2 years or 3 years, harvesting all the overground parts of radix Scutellariae of 3-5cm in late 8 months, and harvesting the underground parts of radix Scutellariae in 10 months in the current year; wherein 2 years old cultivated scutellaria baicalensis is harvested in 8-month late ten days, the biomass of the obtained overground part is increased by 26.92 percent compared with the overground part harvested in the medicinal material harvesting period, the total content of four main flavonoid compounds is increased by 179.44 percent, wherein the content of isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide is increased by 259.67 percent (30.50mg/g), the content of carthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide is increased by 117.41 percent (12.11mg/g), the content of scutellarin is increased by 114.67 percent (15.86mg/g), and the content of baicalin is increased by 330.17 percent (4.99 mg/g); the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonoside in the underground part is increased by 20.14% compared with that of the overground part which is not subjected to recovery treatment in the last 8 months, wherein the content of baicalin is increased by 21.46% (137.00mg/g), the content of wogonoside is increased by 22.87% (27.13mg/g), and the content of baicalein is increased by 12.90% (13.83 mg/g).

Preferably, 3 years old scutellaria baicalensis is cultivated, and the overground part is collected in the last 8 months; and (3) in the current medicinal material collection period, collecting underground parts, wherein the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin in the collected underground parts of the scutellaria baicalensis is increased by 23.79 percent compared with that of the non-collected overground parts in the last 8 months, wherein the content of the baicalin is increased by 25.41 percent (142.91mg/g), the content of the wogonoside is increased by 20.05 percent (27.36mg/g), the content of the baicalein is increased by 22.27 percent (15.76mg/g), and the content of the wogonin is increased by 11.56 percent (7.24 mg/g).

Preferably, the collected underground part of the scutellaria baicalensis can be used as a high-quality production raw material for preparing active ingredients or active sites such as isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, scutellarin, total flavone and the like; the collected underground part can be used as high-quality scutellaria baicalensis medicinal material for production and use.

It is noted that, after harvesting the overground part in late 8 months, the biomass of the underground part of scutellaria baicalensis (i.e., the underground part obtained in the area 2) obtained in late 11 months of the year did not change significantly compared with the underground part obtained in the non-harvested overground part in late 8 months (i.e., the underground part obtained in the area 1), and the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin was increased by 8.82%, but the increase was slightly smaller compared with cases 1 and 2. Therefore, after harvesting the aerial parts of the scutellaria baicalensis, the scutellaria baicalensis is preferably harvested when the aerial parts of the scutellaria baicalensis do not emerge in 10 months.

Has the advantages that:

(1) after the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis is harvested in 8 th-month late ten days, the biomass of the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis can be increased by 26.92 percent, and the content of flavonoid compounds contained in the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis is in a higher level, wherein the content of isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, carthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide and scutellarin is respectively increased by 259.67 percent, 117.41 percent and 114.67 percent compared with the overground part obtained in the harvesting period of medicinal materials. The obtained aerial parts can be used as high-quality raw materials for production, and can be used for preparing active ingredients or active parts such as isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, scutellarin, total flavone, etc.; the collected underground part can be used as high-quality scutellaria baicalensis medicinal material for production and use. Compared with the prior low-quality resources which are obtained by crushing and discarding the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis after natural withering or collecting the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis in the medicine collecting period, the method can completely collect the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis by more than 3-5cm about 2 months before the medicine collecting period, effectively improve the biomass and the quality of the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis, and provide the high-quality and high-quantity overground part resources.

(2) The invention provides a suitable method for high-quality harvesting of overground and underground parts of scutellaria baicalensis, which can not only improve the biomass and the quality of overground part resources of scutellaria baicalensis, but also can not influence the biomass of the underground part of scutellaria baicalensis and obviously improve the quality of the underground part of scutellaria baicalensis, and is favorable for realizing efficient comprehensive utilization of scutellaria baicalensis plant resources.

(3) Compared with the method for continuously harvesting young stems and leaves (CN107041214A) of scutellaria baicalensis for multiple times when seedlings emerge for 20-30cm, the method for fully harvesting the overground part of scutellaria baicalensis for more than 3-5cm when the overground part grows for 8 months can obtain overground part resources with high quality and high biomass at one time, is convenient and quick, is easy for agricultural mechanical operation, and is suitable for industrial production of scutellaria baicalensis resources. Meanwhile, the method promotes accumulation of active ingredients such as baicalin in radix Scutellariae, and improves quality of radix Scutellariae. The method improves production efficiency of overground and underground parts of Scutellariae radix, and is favorable for full development and utilization of Scutellariae radix resource.

(4) As described in the method, the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonoside in the collected underground part of scutellaria baicalensis is increased by 20.14%, wherein the content of baicalin and wogonoside is increased by 21.46% and 22.87%, respectively, which is significantly higher than 16.71% and 14.36% described in CN 107041214A. The obtained underground part can be used as high-quality medicinal resource for producing Scutellariae radix. The obtained aerial part of Scutellariae radix can be used as high-quality and high-yield medicinal resource for preparing active compounds or active parts such as isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide extract (CN102492008A), scutellarin, and total flavone (CN 1683358A); the collected underground part can be used as high-quality scutellaria baicalensis medicinal material for production and use.

(5) Although the invention discloses a method for improving the growth of roots, which is a report in the prior art, the invention is essentially different from the method in that the top part of a plant is removed to inhibit the overground part from overgrowing and growing so as to reduce the nutrient consumption of the overground part, maintain the relative balance of the underground roots and the overground stems and leaves, enhance the photosynthetic efficiency, increase the light irradiation effect, improve the temperature of the soil at the roots and promote the growth and development of the roots so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the yield. In addition, according to the knowledge of the inventor, how the medicinal plant completely reaps the overground part affects the root of the plant is only reported, and after the overground part is completely reaped as the medicinal raw material, the root of the scutellaria baicalensis can also unexpectedly keep the high yield of the active ingredient even higher than the quality of normal collection, thereby achieving unexpected effects and having remarkable progress.

(6) After the overground part of scutellaria baicalensis is harvested at the late stage of full bloom of scutellaria baicalensis in 8 th month, the sum of the contents of four main compounds such as baicalin and wogonoside in scutellaria baicalensis harvested from scutellaria baicalensis obtained in 11 th ten days of the medicinal material harvesting period is increased by 8.82% compared with scutellaria baicalensis in the region 1, but the increase range is slightly smaller compared with cases 1 and 2. Therefore, after the above-ground part of scutellaria is harvested, the scutellaria is harvested in 10 months.

Drawings

FIG. 1 schematically shows the recovery of aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

FIG. 2 schematically shows the recovery of aerial parts of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi

Detailed Description

Example 1

The method comprises the steps of taking Scutellaria baicalensis planting bases (E109.98 degrees, N35.14 degrees and 646m) in Chengcheng county of Weinan city of Shaanxi province as test fields, selecting 2-year-old Scutellaria baicalensis planting places as sample places, randomly selecting 5 sample square sets (3m by 4m) in each sample place, and uniformly dividing each sample square set into a region 1 and a region 2. The overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis in the area 1 is treated by conventional cultivation until the scutellaria baicalensis naturally withers, and the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis in the area 2 is harvested in 8 late months. Before the medicinal materials are harvested in 10 last ten days, 8 fresh scutellaria baicalensis in the area 1 and the area 2 are randomly sampled, and the total number of fresh scutellaria baicalensis is 80. Drying fresh Scutellariae radix to half dry, drying at 50 deg.C to constant weight, weighing dry weight, and measuring index component content. The results are shown in Table 1:

TABLE 12 quality change of overground part and underground part of annual cultivated scutellaria baicalensis after harvesting and non-harvesting

As can be seen from table 1, after the overground part of scutellaria baicalensis is harvested in the last 8 th month, the biomass of the scutellaria baicalensis georgi is not changed obviously, and the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin in the scutellaria baicalensis georgi is increased by 20.14%, wherein the content of the baicalin and the wogonoside is increased by 21.46% and 22.87%, respectively, and the obtained underground part can be produced as a high-quality scutellaria baicalensis georgi.

Example 2

The method comprises the steps of taking a scutellaria baicalensis planting base in Chengcheng county of Weinan city of Shaanxi province as a test field, selecting 3-year-old scutellaria baicalensis planting places as sample places, randomly selecting 5 sample square sets (3m by 4m) from each sample place, and uniformly dividing each sample square set into a region 1 and a region 2. The overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis in the area 1 is treated by conventional cultivation until the scutellaria baicalensis naturally withers, and the overground part of the scutellaria baicalensis in the area 2 is harvested in 8 late months. Before the medicinal materials are harvested in 10 last ten days, 8 fresh scutellaria baicalensis in the area 1 and the area 2 are randomly sampled, and the total number of fresh scutellaria baicalensis is 80. Drying fresh Scutellariae radix to half dry, drying at 50 deg.C to constant weight, weighing dry weight, and measuring index component content. The results are shown in Table 2:

quality change of overground part and underground part of table 23 year-old cultivated scutellaria baicalensis after being harvested and not harvested

As can be seen from Table 2, after the overground part of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was harvested in the last 8 th month, the biomass of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was not significantly changed, and the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin in Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi was increased by 23.79%, and the obtained underground part could be used as a high-quality Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi.

Example 3

The method comprises the steps of taking a scutellaria baicalensis planting base in Chengcheng county of Weinan city of Shaanxi province as a test field, selecting 2-year-old scutellaria baicalensis planting places as sample places, randomly selecting 5 sample square sets (3m by 4m) from each sample place, and uniformly dividing each sample square set into a region 1 and a region 2. The overground part of scutellaria baicalensis in the area 1 is collected before the medicinal materials in 11 months are dug, the overground part of scutellaria baicalensis in the area 2 is collected in the late 8 months, the weight is weighed after the overground part is dried, and the content of the index components is measured, and the result is shown in table 3. And after 11 months, digging fresh scutellaria baicalensis in the area 1 and the area 2, weighing, drying at 50 ℃ to constant weight, weighing after drying, and measuring the content of the index components, wherein the results are shown in a table 4.

TABLE 3 Scutellaria baicalensis stem and leaf yield and flavone content at different harvesting times

As can be seen from Table 3, the biomass of the aerial parts harvested in late 8 months can be increased by 26.92% as compared with the aerial parts obtained in the harvest period of the medicinal materials, and the contents of isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, carthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide and scutellarin are increased by 259.67%, 117.41% and 114.67%, respectively, and the obtained aerial parts can be used as high-quality production raw materials for preparing active compounds or active sites such as isocarthamin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide, scutellarin and total flavonoids.

Quality change of overground part and underground part after non-harvest of table 42 year-old cultivated scutellaria baicalensis

As can be seen from Table 4, after harvesting the overground part of the Scutellaria baicalensis in the late 8 th month, the biomass of the Scutellaria baicalensis obtained in the area 1 and the area 2 has no obvious difference, which indicates that the yield of the medicinal materials in the underground part is not affected after the overground part is harvested in the suitable harvesting period. Meanwhile, the total content of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein, and wogonin in the scutellaria baicalensis harvested in zone 2 was increased by 8.82% as compared with the scutellaria baicalensis in zone 1, but the increase was slightly smaller than in case 1 and 2. Therefore, after the above-ground part of scutellaria is harvested, the scutellaria is harvested in 10 months.

The invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitutions are within the scope of the invention as claimed.