阅读说明：本技术 用于实时调控电子束增材制造合金组织的工艺方法 (Process method for adjusting and controlling electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time ) 是由 刘永胜 吴旺 刘芯宇 钟兵 于 2021-09-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于实时调控电子束增材制造合金组织的工艺方法,属于金属增材制造工艺技术领域。提供一种能有效减少后处理手段,延长零件服役寿命的工艺方法。所述的工艺方法包括以下步骤,确定调控工艺参数,依据需要调控的合金组织的相图、物相组成确定实时调控成形温度场的调控工艺参数；设置调控工艺参数,在成形前依据不同截面或不同高度上的零部件所需获得的合金组织设置对应的调控工艺参数数值；打印制造合金组织,在打印制造合金组织过程中,通过调整确定的调控工艺参数改变、控制打印过程中的面能量和线能量来打印获得需要的增材制造合金组织,其中在确定需要调控的工艺参数时确定的需要调控的工艺参数至少应包括平均电流和扫描速度。(The invention discloses a process method for adjusting and controlling electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time, and belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing processes. The process method can effectively reduce post-treatment means and prolong the service life of the parts. The process method comprises the following steps of determining and controlling process parameters, and determining and controlling the process parameters of the real-time regulation and control forming temperature field according to the phase diagram and the phase composition of the alloy structure to be regulated and controlled; setting regulating technological parameters, and setting corresponding regulating technological parameter values according to alloy structures required to be obtained by parts with different sections or different heights before forming; and printing to obtain the required additive manufacturing alloy structure by adjusting the determined regulating and controlling process parameter change and controlling the surface energy and the line energy in the printing process in the process of printing to manufacture the alloy structure, wherein the determined process parameter needing to be regulated and controlled in the process of determining the process parameter needing to be regulated and controlled at least comprises the average current and the scanning speed.)

1. A process method for adjusting and controlling electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time is characterized in that: the process method comprises the following steps of,

1) determining the technological parameters to be regulated and controlled when the forming temperature field is regulated and controlled in real time according to the phase diagram and the phase composition of the alloy structure to be regulated and controlled,

2) setting and controlling technological parameters, setting specific numerical values corresponding to the technological parameters to be controlled according to alloy structures required to be obtained by parts with different sections or different heights before forming,

3) printing an additive manufacturing alloy structure, printing and obtaining the required additive manufacturing alloy structure by adjusting the determined regulation and control process parameter change and controlling the surface energy and the line energy in the printing process in the process of printing the additive manufacturing alloy structure,

wherein, the process parameters to be regulated determined in the process parameter to be regulated at least comprise average current and scanning speed.

2. The process method for regulating and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time according to claim 1, wherein the process method comprises the following steps: the conditioning process parameters determined in step 1) further include a beam spot diameter.

3. The process method for regulating and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time according to claim 2, wherein the process method comprises the following steps: the adjusting ranges of the various regulating and controlling process parameters determined in the step 1) are respectively that the average current is controlled between 15 and 45mA, the beam spot diameter is controlled between 20 and 150mA, and the scanning speed is controlled between 2000 and 6000 m/s.

4. The process method for regulating electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein: after the alloy part is printed, the part is required to be dissected, and at least the chemical composition characteristics, the phase composition characteristics and the grain size characteristics of the formed alloy structure are analyzed.

5. The process method for regulating and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time according to claim 4, wherein the process method comprises the following steps: before the printing of the alloy structure, corresponding basic forming parameters are required to be called from a control system, wherein the basic forming parameters at least comprise the thickness of a powder spreading layer, the preheating temperature, the preheating time, the line compensation and the maximum beam current and the minimum beam current of melting.

6. The process method for regulating and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time according to claim 5, wherein the process method comprises the following steps: the basic forming parameters are controlled according to the following parameter values, the thickness of the powder layer is controlled to be between 50 and 200 mu m, the preheating temperature is controlled to be between 500 and 1300 ℃, the preheating time is controlled to be between 15 and 100min, the line compensation is controlled to be between 0.02 and 0.5mm, and the flow of the molten beam is controlled to be between 3 and 48 mA.

7. The process method for regulating and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time according to claim 6, wherein the step of adjusting the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure comprises the following steps: the basic forming parameters are called by importing files and then loading slice files of the parts to be formed.

8. The process for real-time conditioning of electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structures according to claim 7, wherein: the method also needs to carry out preliminary preparation before formal printing, wherein the preliminary preparation at least comprises the steps of placing powder of alloy to be formed in a powder bin, filling metal powder and placing and leveling a substrate.

9. The process for real-time conditioning of electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structures according to claim 8, wherein: and after the early preparation work is finished, vacuumizing the forming bin and the electron gun, starting high pressure after the vacuum degree meets the requirement of equipment, centering the electron beam and introducing basic forming parameters.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a process method, in particular to a process method for adjusting and controlling an electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time, and belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing processes.

Background

The electron beam additive manufacturing technology can be used for preparing various complex parts made of nonmagnetic metal materials, including titanium alloy, nickel-based alloy, titanium-aluminum-based alloy and the like, and belongs to a new technology in the aspect of metal manufacturing. By the technology, parts with complex shapes, structures and high density can be quickly prepared at low cost. However, the parts manufactured by the electron beam additive manufacturing technology at present are integrally formed, the tissue uniformity and controllability are weak, part of the parts can directly meet the requirements of service performance, most of the parts still need to be subjected to tissue regulation by means of heat treatment, hot isostatic pressing and the like, and compared with the primary tissues, the tissues of the parts regulated by the post-treatment means are more prone to failure in the transition region of tissue change.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the process method for adjusting and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time can effectively reduce post-treatment means and prolong the service life of parts.

The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: a process method for adjusting and controlling electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time comprises the following steps,

1) determining the technological parameters to be regulated and controlled when the forming temperature field is regulated and controlled in real time according to the phase diagram and the phase composition of the alloy structure to be regulated and controlled,

2) setting and controlling technological parameters, setting specific numerical values corresponding to the technological parameters to be controlled according to alloy structures required to be obtained by parts with different sections or different heights before forming,

3) printing an additive manufacturing alloy structure, printing and obtaining the required additive manufacturing alloy structure by adjusting the determined regulation and control process parameter change and controlling the surface energy and the line energy in the printing process in the process of printing the additive manufacturing alloy structure,

wherein, the process parameters to be regulated determined in the process parameter to be regulated at least comprise average current and scanning speed.

Further, the control process parameter determined in step 1) further includes a beam spot diameter.

The preferable mode of the scheme is that the adjusting ranges of the various regulating and controlling process parameters determined in the step 1) are respectively that the average current is controlled to be between 15 and 45mA, the beam spot diameter is controlled to be between 20 and 150mA, and the scanning speed is controlled to be between 2000 and 6000 m/s.

Further, after the alloy part is printed, the part needs to be dissected and at least the chemical composition characteristics, the phase composition characteristics and the grain size characteristics of the formed alloy structure are analyzed.

The preferable mode of the scheme is that corresponding basic forming parameters are required to be adjusted from a control system before the printing of the alloy structure is carried out, wherein the basic forming parameters at least comprise the thickness of the powder coating layer, the preheating temperature, the preheating time, the line compensation and the maximum beam current and the minimum beam current of the melting.

Furthermore, each basic forming parameter is controlled according to the following parameter values, the thickness of the powder layer is controlled between 50 and 200 mu m, the preheating temperature is controlled between 500 and 1300 ℃, the preheating time is controlled between 15 and 100min, the line compensation is controlled between 0.02 and 0.5mm, and the melting beam current is controlled between 3 and 48 mA.

The preferable mode of the scheme is that the basic forming parameters are called by importing files and then loading slice files of the parts to be formed.

Further, it is necessary to perform preliminary preparation before the main printing, the preliminary preparation at least includes placing powder of an alloy to be formed in the powder hopper, filling metal powder, and placing and leveling the base plate.

Further, after the preparation work in the previous period is finished, the forming bin and the electron gun are vacuumized, and after the vacuum degree meets the requirement of equipment, high pressure is started, electron beam centering is carried out, and basic forming parameters are introduced.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the process method provided by the application is based on the existing process route, by firstly determining the process parameters to be regulated, namely, the regulating and controlling technological parameters for regulating and controlling the forming temperature field in real time are determined according to the phase diagram and the phase composition of the alloy structure to be regulated and controlled, then the regulating and controlling technological parameters are set, namely, before forming, corresponding regulating and controlling process parameter values are set according to alloy structures required to be obtained by parts with different sections or different heights, and finally, additive manufacturing alloy structure printing is carried out, so that in the process of printing the additive manufacturing alloy structures, the required additive manufacturing alloy structure is printed and obtained by adjusting the determined regulation and control process parameter change and controlling the surface energy and the linear energy in the printing process, wherein, the process parameters to be regulated determined in the process parameter to be regulated at least comprise average current and scanning speed. The process method provided by the application is based on the existing process center line, and only the average current and the scanning speed are adjusted to control the surface energy and the linear energy in the printing process, so that the required additive manufacturing alloy structure is obtained, the aims of effectively regulating and controlling the microscopic structures of the printed part at different positions, prolonging the service life of the part and reducing the post-treatment process are fulfilled, the process method can be widely popularized to the field of metal additive manufacturing, and has a good promotion effect on the development of the industry.

Drawings

Fig. 1 and 2 show microstructures obtained by the process for adjusting and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time under different forming parameters.

Detailed Description

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides the process method for adjusting and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time, which can effectively reduce post-treatment means and prolong the service life of parts. The process method comprises the following steps of,

1) determining the technological parameters to be regulated and controlled when the forming temperature field is regulated and controlled in real time according to the phase diagram and the phase composition of the alloy structure to be regulated and controlled,

2) setting and controlling technological parameters, setting specific numerical values corresponding to the technological parameters to be controlled according to alloy structures required to be obtained by parts with different sections or different heights before forming,

3) printing an additive manufacturing alloy structure, printing and obtaining the required additive manufacturing alloy structure by adjusting the determined regulation and control process parameter change and controlling the surface energy and the line energy in the printing process in the process of printing the additive manufacturing alloy structure,

wherein, the process parameters to be regulated determined in the process parameter to be regulated at least comprise average current and scanning speed. The process method provided by the application is based on the existing process route, by firstly determining the process parameters to be regulated, namely, the regulating and controlling technological parameters for regulating and controlling the forming temperature field in real time are determined according to the phase diagram and the phase composition of the alloy structure to be regulated and controlled, then the regulating and controlling technological parameters are set, namely, before forming, corresponding regulating and controlling process parameter values are set according to alloy structures required to be obtained by parts with different sections or different heights, and finally, additive manufacturing alloy structure printing is carried out, so that in the process of printing the additive manufacturing alloy structures, the required additive manufacturing alloy structure is printed and obtained by adjusting the determined regulation and control process parameter change and controlling the surface energy and the linear energy in the printing process, wherein, the process parameters to be regulated determined in the process parameter to be regulated at least comprise average current and scanning speed. The process method provided by the application is based on the existing process center line, and only the average current and the scanning speed are adjusted to control the surface energy and the linear energy in the printing process, so that the required additive manufacturing alloy structure is obtained, the aims of effectively regulating and controlling the microscopic structures of the printed part at different positions, prolonging the service life of the part and reducing the post-treatment process are fulfilled, the process method can be widely popularized to the field of metal additive manufacturing, and has a good promotion effect on the development of the industry.

In the above embodiment, in order to better control the alloy structure of the additive manufactured part, the regulating process parameter determined in step 1) of the present application further includes the beam spot diameter. Specifically, the adjustment ranges of the various regulated process parameters determined in the step 1) are respectively that the average current is controlled to be between 15 and 45mA, the beam spot diameter is controlled to be between 20 and 150mA, and the scanning speed is controlled to be between 2000 and 6000 m/s. And after the alloy part is printed, the part is dissected, and at least the chemical composition characteristics, the phase composition characteristics and the grain size characteristics of the formed alloy structure are analyzed.

As mentioned above, since the process method of the present application is adjusted and controlled based on the existing process route, that is, based on the existing three processes of powder spreading, preheating and melting, before printing the alloy structure, it is necessary to adjust corresponding basic forming parameters from the control system, where the basic forming parameters at least include the powder spreading layer thickness, the preheating temperature, the preheating time, the line compensation, and the maximum and minimum melted beam current. The specific requirements are that each basic forming parameter is controlled according to the following parameter values, the thickness of the powder layer is controlled between 50 and 200 mu m, the preheating temperature is controlled between 500 and 1300 ℃, the preheating time is controlled between 15 and 100min, the line compensation is controlled between 0.02 and 0.5mm, and the melting beam current is controlled between 3 and 48 mA. The basic forming parameters are called by importing files and then loading slice files of the parts to be formed.

Of course, from a process point of view, it is necessary to perform preliminary preparation before performing the main printing, the preliminary preparation at least including placing the powder of the alloy to be formed in the powder hopper, filling the metal powder, and placing and leveling the substrate. And after the early preparation work is finished, vacuumizing the forming bin and the electron gun, starting high pressure after the vacuum degree meets the requirement of equipment, centering the electron beam and introducing basic forming parameters.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

The method is used for regulating and controlling the tissue distribution of electron beam additive manufacturing parts, reducing post-treatment means and prolonging the service life of the parts. The invention provides a method for adjusting and controlling electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

the method for adjusting and controlling the electron beam additive manufacturing alloy structure in real time comprises the following steps:

in the early preparation stage, powder of alloy to be formed is placed in a powder bin, metal powder is filled in the powder bin, and the base plate is placed and leveled;

vacuumizing, wherein high vacuum is pumped to the forming bin and the electron gun, and high pressure is started after the vacuum degree meets the requirement of equipment, so as to perform electron beam centering; importing a file, and loading a slice file of a part to be formed;

main forming parameters are called, and basic process parameters of part forming are called according to the used metal materials, wherein the basic process parameters comprise the thickness of a powder layer, the preheating temperature, the preheating time, line compensation and the maximum and minimum beam current of melting; the thickness of the powder layer is 50-200 μm, the preheating temperature is 500-;

determining parameters of a regulated tissue, determining technological parameters of a real-time regulated forming temperature field according to a phase diagram and a phase composition, wherein the parameters of the regulated tissue mainly comprise average current, beam spot diameter and scanning speed; the average current is 15-45mA, the beam spot diameter is 20-150mA, the scanning speed is 2000-6000m/s, and corresponding parameters are set according to tissues required to be obtained by parts with different sections or heights before forming by adjusting the parameters to change and control the surface energy and the linear energy in the printing process. For example, when the TiAl alloy part is formed by electron beams, the current is increased to 30-45mA, and the scanning speed is 2500-.

Printing, taking out the printed part after printing, and dissecting and analyzing the chemical composition, phase composition, grain size and other tissue characteristics.

The technical scheme of the invention is based on an electron beam additive manufacturing technology, and according to the forming process and characteristics of the technology, the method capable of regulating and controlling the internal microstructure of the printed piece is determined, the existing forming process is optimized, the post-treatment process flow related to tissue regulation is shortened, and a quick and effective method is provided for forming high-performance parts.

Example 1

The method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) taking 30-50kg of titanium-aluminum alloy powder with the particle size distribution of 45-150 mu m, and filling the titanium-aluminum alloy powder into a powder bin;

2) filling powder, and placing a stainless steel substrate which is marked with a center and has the size of 150 multiplied by 150mm on a forming platform for leveling;

3) vacuumizing the chamber and the electron gun, and starting high pressure to perform electron beam centering when the vacuum degree of the chamber reaches 2.0 multiplied by 10 < -3 > mbar and the vacuum degree of the electron gun reaches about 7.0 multiplied by 10 < -5 > mbar;

4) importing the sliced file into an electron beam device;

5) selecting corresponding titanium alloy materials and forming process parameters, wherein the specific parameters are as follows: the thickness of the powder layer is 50 mu m, the preheating temperature is 850-1200 ℃, the preheating time is 15-90min, the line compensation is 0.02-0.4mm, and the melting beam current is 3-38 mA;

6) determining technological parameters for regulating and controlling the printing state structure according to a phase diagram and phase composition of the titanium alloy, wherein the technological parameters comprise that the average current is 15-36mA, the beam spot diameter is 50-80mA, and the scanning speed is 200-4000m/s, and the technological parameters aim at controlling the energy input of each layer of post-heating so as to regulate and control the grain size and the microstructure of a formed part and prepare high-performance structural members with different microstructures;

7) and starting printing, taking out the printed titanium alloy piece after printing is finished, and analyzing the microstructure of the titanium alloy piece.

The microstructures obtained at different forming parameters are shown in fig. 1 and 2.