Heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle and manufacturing method thereof

文档序号：401895 发布日期：2021-12-17 浏览：20次中文

阅读说明：本技术 一种异质多材料激光熔覆喷嘴及其制造方法 (Heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle and manufacturing method thereof ) 是由王迪韦雄棉邓国威刘林青杨永强于 2021-08-24 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种异质多材料激光熔覆喷嘴及其制造方法；本发明异质多材料激光熔融喷嘴由激光通道、送粉结构、冷却结构、气帘结构和安装孔等组成,并由异质材料一和和异质材料二构成。利用金属增材制造技术采用多种材料对激光熔覆喷嘴进行成型制造,不仅克服了传统加工方式无法加工形状复杂且具有随形冷却水路的喷嘴及单一材料增材制造的不足,而且结合了多种材料的优势,利用不同材料之间的物理、化学性质差异,提高激光熔覆喷嘴的冷却速度、耐热性、经济性及使用性能,减少喷嘴的烧损和粉末粘附。(The invention discloses a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle and a manufacturing method thereof; the heterogeneous multi-material laser melting nozzle comprises a laser channel, a powder feeding structure, a cooling structure, an air curtain structure, a mounting hole and the like, and is composed of a heterogeneous material I and a heterogeneous material II. The laser cladding nozzle is molded and manufactured by adopting various materials by utilizing a metal additive manufacturing technology, the defects that the traditional processing mode cannot process the nozzle with a complex shape and a conformal cooling water channel and the additive manufacturing of a single material are overcome, the advantages of the various materials are combined, the physical and chemical property differences among different materials are utilized, the cooling speed, the heat resistance, the economical efficiency and the service performance of the laser cladding nozzle are improved, and the burning loss and the powder adhesion of the nozzle are reduced.)

1. A heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle comprises a laser channel (1), and a powder feeding structure (2), a cooling structure (3) and an air curtain structure (4) which are distributed around the laser channel (1); the method is characterized in that:

the laser channel (1) is a truncated cone-shaped cavity with a large upper end and a small lower end, and penetrates through the upper part and the lower part;

powder feeding structure (2) is many passageways, along evenly distributed on laser channel (1) circumference, is 55-60 contained angles each other, and every passageway includes: a powder inlet (2-1), a powder pipeline (2-2) and a powder outlet (2-3); the powder inlet (2-1) is positioned above the nozzle, and the powder outlet (2-3) is distributed around the outlet of the laser channel (1); the powder inlet (2-1) is communicated with the powder outlet (2-3) through a powder pipeline (2-2).

2. The heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of claim 1, wherein:

the cooling structure (3) is a cooling water circulation structure, and comprises: a water inlet (3-1), a water inlet pipeline (3-2), a cooling space (3-3) and a water outlet (3-4);

the water inlet (3-1) is vertically communicated with the water inlet pipeline (3-2);

the outlet of the water inlet pipeline (3-2) is obliquely led to the bottom of the cooling space (3-3); the cooling space (3-3) is formed by a cavity between the laser channel (1) and the air curtain structure (4);

the water outlet (3-4) is positioned at the top of the cooling space (3-3).

3. The heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of claim 2, wherein:

the air curtain structure (4) comprises an air inlet (4-1), an air inlet pipeline (4-2), an air path ring (4-3), an air distribution pipeline (4-4) and an air curtain ring (4-5);

the gas circuit ring (4-3), the gas distribution pipeline (4-4) and the gas curtain ring (4-5) are sequentially communicated with one another, and surround the laser channel (1); the air curtain ring (4-5) is an annular truncated cone cavity with a large upper end and a small lower end; the air curtain rings (4-5) are distributed on the periphery of the cooling space (3-3), and the outlets of the air curtain rings (4-5) are positioned on the periphery of the light outlet of the laser channel (1).

4. The heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of claim 3, wherein:

the air inlet (4-1) is vertically connected with the air inlet pipeline (4-2); the gas distribution pipelines (4-4) are inclined cylindrical cavities and are symmetrically distributed.

5. The heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of claim 4, wherein: the multi-material laser cladding nozzle further comprises a mounting hole (5);

the mounting hole (5) is a cylindrical hole which penetrates through the mounting hole from top to bottom and is used for fixing the laser cladding nozzle body.

6. The method for preparing a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle is a copper-steel composite laser cladding nozzle;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

s1, after analyzing and checking the three-dimensional model of the copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle, arranging a dividing plane (8) between the top surface and the bottom surface of the three-dimensional model; the dividing plane (8) divides the three-dimensional model into an upper nozzle (9) and a lower nozzle (10);

then the upper nozzle (9) and the lower nozzle (10) are stored as STL format files and exported;

s2, importing STL format files of the upper nozzle (9) and the lower nozzle (10) into data preparation software, and carrying out position placement and slicing processing to obtain slice data files;

s3, guiding the slicing data into laser metal additive molding equipment, printing and molding a lower nozzle (10) by adopting metal powder of a 316L material, replacing the metal powder of a CuSn10 material, directly printing an upper nozzle (9), and taking out the molded copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle after printing.

7. The method for preparing the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle according to claim 6,

in the step S1, the specific process of dividing the plane (8) of the three-dimensional model of the copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle is as follows: firstly, analyzing a three-dimensional model in three-dimensional modeling software, and checking whether the three-dimensional model has errors;

after the three-dimensional model is checked to be correct, a dividing plane (8) parallel to the XY plane is arranged between the top surface and the bottom surface of the three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional model is divided into an upper nozzle (9) and a lower nozzle (10); and finally, storing the upper nozzle (9) and the lower nozzle (10) as STL format files and exporting the STL format files.

8. The method for preparing the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle according to claim 7,

in step S2, the obtaining of the slice data file specifically includes: the STL format file of the upper nozzle (9) and the lower nozzle (10) derived in S1 is introduced into data preparation software, the placement positions of the parts are adjusted, and the slicing process is performed while keeping the relative positions of the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, thereby obtaining a slice file having a file format CLI.

9. The method for preparing the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle according to claim 8,

in step S3, the molded copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle is taken out after the printing is completed, and the specific process is as follows: guiding the slicing data of the upper nozzle (9) and the lower nozzle (10) into laser metal additive forming equipment, firstly printing and forming the lower nozzle (10) by adopting metal powder of 316L material, and keeping the lower nozzle still after printing is finished; then, the molding material in the laser metal additive molding equipment is immediately replaced by metal powder of CuSn10 material, and the molding material is directly printed on a nozzle (9); and finally, taking the formed heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle out of the equipment.

10. The method for preparing the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle according to claim 9,

in the step S1, the three-dimensional modeling software is SolidWorks or Pro/E software;

the data preparation software of step S2 is Materialise Magics software.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of laser cladding nozzles and additive manufacturing, in particular to a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle and a manufacturing method thereof.

Background

The laser cladding processing is an advanced metal part surface strengthening, modifying, repairing and forming technology.

The cladding nozzle is an important component of a laser cladding powder feeding system, has the service life and the cooling effect, can continuously and stably work, and plays an important role in the laser cladding effect.

A large amount of heat is generated in the powder feeding type laser cladding process, and a large amount of spatter is generated when the metal powder is melted by laser irradiation.

In the long-term processing of the traditional single-material cladding nozzle, due to poor thermal conductivity and poor cooling effect of the nozzle, the temperature of the cladding nozzle is overhigh due to continuous accumulation of heat emitted in the laser processing process, so that the burning loss of the cladding nozzle is caused, and the service performance and the service life of the cladding nozzle are seriously influenced.

And because the temperature of the splash is high and part of the splash becomes a molten state, the splash is very easy to adhere and difficult to remove when the splash is sputtered on the surface of the cladding nozzle, and particularly when the metal powder and the cladding nozzle belong to the same material, the splash is directly melted with the cladding nozzle into a whole, so that the splash cannot be completely removed, a powder outlet and an air curtain are easily blocked, the uniformity and the convergence of the powder are influenced if the splash is light, and the splash is directly discarded if the splash is heavy.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects and shortcomings of the prior art and provides a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle and a manufacturing method thereof.

The invention provides a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle and a manufacturing method thereof, aiming at solving the problems that the existing single-material laser cladding nozzle is easy to burn and damage and easy to adhere powder when in use; the invention improves the cooling speed, heat resistance and service performance of the laser cladding nozzle by utilizing the difference of physical and chemical properties of different materials, and reduces the burning loss and powder adhesion phenomena of the laser cladding nozzle.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle comprises a laser channel 1, a powder feeding structure 2, a cooling structure 3 and an air curtain structure 4, wherein the powder feeding structure 2, the cooling structure 3 and the air curtain structure are distributed around the laser channel 1;

the laser channel 1 is a truncated cone-shaped cavity with a large upper end and a small lower end, and penetrates up and down;

powder feeding structure 2 is many passageways, along 1 circumference on the laser channel evenly distributed, is 55-60 contained angles each other, and every passageway includes: a powder inlet 2-1, a powder pipeline 2-2 and a powder outlet 2-3; the powder inlet 2-1 is positioned above the nozzle inlet, and the powder outlet 2-3 is distributed around the outlet of the laser channel 1; the powder inlet 2-1 is communicated with the powder outlet 2-3 through a powder pipeline 2-2.

The cooling structure 3 is a cooling water circulation structure, and includes: a water inlet 3-1, a water inlet pipeline 3-2, a cooling space 3-3 and a water outlet 3-4;

the water inlet 3-1 is vertically communicated with a water inlet pipeline 3-2;

the outlet of the water inlet pipeline 3-2 is obliquely led to the bottom of the cooling space 3-3; the cooling space 3-3 is formed by a cavity between the laser channel 1 and the air curtain structure 4;

the water outlet 3-4 is located at the top of the cooling space 3-3.

The air curtain structure 4 comprises an air inlet 4-1, an air inlet pipeline 4-2, an air circuit ring 4-3, an air distribution pipeline 4-4 and an air curtain ring 4-5;

the gas circuit ring 4-3, the gas distribution pipeline 4-4 and the gas curtain ring 4-5 are sequentially communicated with one another to form a cavity and surround the laser channel 1; the air curtain rings 4-5 are annular truncated cone cavities with large upper ends and small lower ends; the air curtain rings 4-5 are distributed on the periphery of the cooling space 3-3, and the outlets of the air curtain rings 4-5 are positioned on the periphery of the light outlet of the laser channel 1.

The air inlet 4-1 is vertically connected with the air inlet pipeline 4-2; the gas distribution pipelines 4-4 are inclined cylindrical cavities and are symmetrically distributed.

The multi-material laser cladding nozzle further comprises a mounting hole 5;

the mounting hole 5 is a cylindrical hole which penetrates through the mounting hole from top to bottom and is used for fixing the laser cladding nozzle body.

A method for preparing a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle; the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle is a copper-steel composite material laser cladding nozzle;

the preparation method comprises the following steps:

s1, after analyzing and checking the three-dimensional model of the copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle, arranging a dividing plane 8 between the top surface and the bottom surface of the three-dimensional model; the segmentation plane 8 segments the three-dimensional model into an upper nozzle 9 and a lower nozzle 10;

then the upper nozzle 9 and the lower nozzle 10 are stored as STL format files and exported;

s2, importing the STL format files of the upper nozzle 9 and the lower nozzle 10 into data preparation software, and carrying out position placing and slicing processing to obtain slice data files;

and S3, introducing the slicing data into laser metal additive molding equipment, printing and molding the lower nozzle 10 by adopting metal powder of a 316L material, replacing the metal powder of a CuSn10 material, directly printing the upper nozzle 9, and taking out the molded copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle after printing.

In the step S1, the specific process of dividing the plane 8 of the three-dimensional model of the copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle is as follows: firstly, analyzing a three-dimensional model in three-dimensional modeling software, and checking whether the three-dimensional model has errors;

after the three-dimensional model is checked to be correct, a dividing plane 8 parallel to the XY plane is arranged between the top surface and the bottom surface of the three-dimensional model, the three-dimensional model is divided into an upper nozzle 9 and a lower nozzle 10;

the specific position of the dividing plane 8 is determined according to the proportion of two heterogeneous materials in the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle. Finally, the upper nozzle 9 and the lower nozzle 10 are saved as STL format files and exported.

In the step S2, the obtaining of the slice data file specifically includes: the STL format file of the upper nozzle 9 and the lower nozzle 10 derived in S1 is introduced into data preparation software, the placement positions of the parts are adjusted, and the slicing process is performed while keeping the relative positions of the upper nozzle and the lower nozzle in the X-axis, Y-axis, and Z-axis directions, thereby obtaining a slice file having a file format CLI.

In step S3, the molded copper-steel multi-material laser cladding nozzle is taken out after the printing is completed, and the specific process includes: guiding the slice data of the upper nozzle 9 and the lower nozzle 10 into laser metal additive forming equipment, firstly printing and forming the lower nozzle 10 by adopting metal powder of 316L material, and keeping the lower nozzle still after printing is finished; then, the forming material in the laser metal additive forming equipment is immediately replaced by metal powder of CuSn10 material, and the nozzle 9 is directly printed; and finally, taking the formed heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle out of the equipment.

In the step S1, the three-dimensional modeling software is SolidWorks or Pro/E software;

the data preparation software of step S2 is Materialise Magics software.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and effects:

(1) the traditional laser cladding nozzle is mostly prepared by machining or additive manufacturing of a single material, the machining preparation method can only adopt single material machining, and the laser cladding nozzle with a complicated shape and a conformal cooling water path cannot be machined. The laser cladding nozzle is manufactured by a metal additive manufacturing process and a plurality of materials, so that the advantages of the materials are combined, and the laser cladding nozzle has a complex cooling water path;

(2) the characteristics and advantages of different materials are exerted, for example, the copper alloy has good heat-conducting property, the stainless steel has high strength and low price, and the like, and the cooling speed, the heat resistance, the economy and the service performance of the laser cladding nozzle are improved;

(3) the problem of easy fusion between homogeneous materials is avoided by utilizing the difference of physical and chemical properties between different materials, and the burning loss and powder adhesion phenomena of the nozzle are reduced;

(4) the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle has the structure that the laser cladding nozzle adopts an annular air curtain structure, so that the contact between the molten metal powder and oxygen in the air can be effectively prevented, and the oxidation of the molten metal powder is prevented. The large cooling space is adopted to wrap the internal structure to absorb the redundant heat so as to prevent the overheating problem.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an axial schematic view of a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view A-A of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view B-B of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a schematic top view of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a segment of a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the material distribution of the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a lower nozzle forming of the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of the present invention;

fig. 9 is a schematic view of the upper nozzle molding of the heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

The invention discloses a heterogeneous multi-material laser cladding nozzle which comprises a laser channel 1, a powder feeding structure 2, a cooling structure 3 and an air curtain structure 4, wherein the powder feeding structure 2, the cooling structure 3 and the air curtain structure are distributed around the laser channel 1;