阅读说明：本技术 一种非等通道模具及挤压强变形工艺 (Unequal channel die and extrusion strong deformation process ) 是由 李英梅 崔天伦 刘凯 王锁涛 李晓普 于 2021-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种非等通道模具及挤压强变形工艺,涉及金属材料加工技术领域,包括模具本体,模具本体内设置有非等通道结构,非等通道结构包括第一挤压通道、转角通道、第二挤压通道和出口通道；第一挤压通道的尺寸由第一挤压通道的一端向第一挤压通道的另一端逐渐变大,转角通道的尺寸由转角通道的一端向转角通道的另一端逐渐变大,第二挤压通道的尺寸由第二挤压通道的一端向第二挤压通道的另一端逐渐增大,出口通道为等尺寸通道。本发明的非等通道结构内径逐渐变大,坯料更容易挤出,挤压力更小,对设备要求更低。由于非等通道结构内径的变化,非等通道结构内壁与坯料之间的摩擦大大减小,降低了模具的磨损量,延长了模具使用寿命。(The invention discloses a non-equal channel die and an extrusion strong deformation process, which relate to the technical field of metal material processing and comprise a die body, wherein a non-equal channel structure is arranged in the die body, and comprises a first extrusion channel, a corner channel, a second extrusion channel and an outlet channel; the size of the first extrusion channel is gradually increased from one end of the first extrusion channel to the other end of the first extrusion channel, the size of the corner channel is gradually increased from one end of the corner channel to the other end of the corner channel, the size of the second extrusion channel is gradually increased from one end of the second extrusion channel to the other end of the second extrusion channel, and the outlet channel is an equal-size channel. The inner diameter of the unequal channel structure is gradually increased, the blank is easier to extrude, the extrusion force is smaller, and the requirement on equipment is lower. Due to the change of the inner diameter of the unequal channel structure, the friction between the inner wall of the unequal channel structure and the blank is greatly reduced, the abrasion loss of the die is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.)

1. A non-equal channel mold is characterized in that: the die comprises a die body, wherein an unequal channel structure is arranged in the die body, the unequal channel structure comprises a first extrusion channel, a corner channel, a second extrusion channel and an outlet channel, the first extrusion channel is vertically arranged, the corner channel is in a bent shape, the second extrusion channel and the outlet channel are horizontally arranged, one end of the first extrusion channel is an inlet of the unequal channel structure, the other end of the first extrusion channel is connected with one end of the corner channel, the other end of the corner channel is connected with one end of the second extrusion channel, the other end of the second extrusion channel is connected with one end of the outlet channel, and the other end of the outlet channel is an outlet of the unequal channel structure; the size of the first extrusion channel is gradually increased from one end of the first extrusion channel to the other end of the first extrusion channel, the size of the corner channel is gradually increased from one end of the corner channel to the other end of the corner channel, the size of the second extrusion channel is gradually increased from one end of the second extrusion channel to the other end of the second extrusion channel, and the outlet channel is an equal-size channel.

2. The non-equal channel mold of claim 1, wherein: the size of the other end of the first extrusion channel is the same as that of one end of the corner channel, the size of the other end of the corner channel is the same as that of one end of the second extrusion channel, and the size of the other end of the second extrusion channel is the same as that of the cross section of the outlet channel.

3. The non-equal channel mold of claim 1, wherein: the bending angle of the corner channel is 90 degrees.

4. The non-equal channel mold of claim 1, wherein: the taper of the first extrusion channel is 1-2 degrees.

5. The non-equal channel mold of claim 1, wherein: the taper of the second extrusion channel is 1-2 degrees.

6. The non-equal channel mold of claim 1, wherein: the radius R of the outer circular arc of the corner channel of the same unequal channel mold₁Comprises the following steps:

wherein, theta₁Is the angle theta between the side wall of the first extrusion channel and the vertical direction₂Is the included angle between the side wall of the second extrusion channel and the horizontal direction, L is the distance from the plane of the inlet to the upper surface of the second extrusion channel, h₁Is the height, phi, of the straight wall outside the first extrusion channel₁Is the size of the inlet, phi₂Is the size of the outlet.

7. The non-equal channel mold of claim 6, wherein: the radius R of the inner circular arc of the corner channel of the same unequal channel mold₂Comprises the following steps:

wherein, theta₁Is the angle theta between the side wall of the first extrusion channel and the vertical direction₂Is the included angle between the side wall of the second extrusion channel and the horizontal direction, L is the distance from the plane of the inlet to the upper surface of the second extrusion channel, h₂Is the height of the straight wall inside the first extrusion channel.

8. An extrusion strong deformation process using the non-equal channel die as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, vertically placing the ith blank into an inlet of an unequal channel structure, and operating a hydraulic press to enable an extrusion pressure head to extrude the ith blank downwards to enable the ith blank to enter a corner channel, wherein i is an integer greater than 1;

s2, when the ith blank enters the corner channel, operating the hydraulic press to enable the extrusion pressure head to upwards exit the unequal channel die, vertically placing the (i +1) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure, pressing down the extrusion pressure head, pushing the ith blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure through the (i +1) th blank, and enabling the (i +1) th blank to enter the corner channel;

s3, putting the ith blank subjected to the first extrusion into the inlet of the unequal channel structure of the unequal channel die of the next pass, simultaneously vertically putting the (i + 2) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure, pressing down the extrusion pressure head, pushing the (i +1) th blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure through the (i + 2) th blank, simultaneously putting the (i + 2) th blank into the corner channel, vertically putting the (i +1) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure of the unequal channel die of the next pass, pressing down the extrusion pressure head, pushing the (i +1) th blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure, and finishing the second extrusion; repeating the steps S1 to S3 by analogy; several extrusions of several billets are achieved.

9. The non-equal channel mold of claim 8, wherein: the size of the inlet of the non-equal channel die used next time is larger than that of the outlet of the non-equal channel die used previous time.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal material processing, in particular to a non-equal channel die and an extrusion strong deformation process.

Background

In recent years, several processes for obtaining an ultra-fine grained material through severe plasticity have gradually emerged, in which the corner extrusion process is widely spotlighted.

The process mainly generates a nearly pure shearing effect through the huge shearing strain generated by the corner section of the die on the blank, and fully refines the material grains by matching with the gradual increase of the pass, thereby obviously improving the mechanical and physical properties of the material.

In the prior art, equal-channel angular extrusion is adopted, namely the inner diameter of the whole die channel is the same, in the implementation process of the method, the resistance is large when the blank flows in the channel, the metal is not easy to flow out, and meanwhile, the damage to the die is large, so that the production cost is greatly increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an unequal channel die and an extrusion strong deformation process, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that a blank is easy to extrude, the wear rate of the die is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a non-equal channel die, which comprises a die body, wherein a non-equal channel structure is arranged in the die body, the non-equal channel structure comprises a first extrusion channel, a corner channel, a second extrusion channel and an outlet channel, the first extrusion channel is vertically arranged, the corner channel is bent, the second extrusion channel and the outlet channel are horizontally arranged, one end of the first extrusion channel is an inlet of the non-equal channel structure, the other end of the first extrusion channel is connected with one end of the corner channel, the other end of the corner channel is connected with one end of the second extrusion channel, the other end of the second extrusion channel is connected with one end of the outlet channel, and the other end of the outlet channel is an outlet of the non-equal channel structure; the size of the first extrusion channel is gradually increased from one end of the first extrusion channel to the other end of the first extrusion channel, the size of the corner channel is gradually increased from one end of the corner channel to the other end of the corner channel, the size of the second extrusion channel is gradually increased from one end of the second extrusion channel to the other end of the second extrusion channel, and the outlet channel is an equal-size channel.

Preferably, the other end of the first extrusion channel has the same size as one end of the corner channel, the other end of the corner channel has the same size as one end of the second extrusion channel, and the other end of the second extrusion channel has the same size as the cross-sectional size of the outlet channel.

Preferably, the bending angle of the corner channel is 90 degrees.

Preferably, the taper of the first extrusion channel is 1-2 degrees.

Preferably, the taper of the second extrusion channel is 1-2 degrees.

Preferably, the radius R of the outer circular arc of the corner channel of the same unequal channel mold₁Comprises the following steps:

wherein, theta₁Is the angle theta between the side wall of the first extrusion channel and the vertical direction₂Is the included angle between the side wall of the second extrusion channel and the horizontal direction, L is the distance from the plane of the inlet to the upper surface of the second extrusion channel, h₁Is the height, phi, of the straight wall outside the first extrusion channel₁Is the size of the inlet, phi₂Is the size of the outlet.

Preferably, the radius R of the inner circular arc of the corner channel of the same unequal channel mold₂Comprises the following steps:

wherein, theta₁Is the included angle between the side wall of the first extrusion channel and the vertical direction, theta 2 is the included angle between the side wall of the second extrusion channel and the horizontal direction,l is the distance between the plane of the inlet and the upper surface of the second extrusion channel, h₂Is the height of the straight wall inside the first extrusion channel.

The invention also provides an extrusion strong deformation process adopting the unequal channel die, which comprises the following steps:

s1, vertically placing the ith blank into an inlet of an unequal channel structure, and operating a hydraulic press to enable an extrusion pressure head to extrude the ith blank downwards to enable the ith blank to enter a corner channel, wherein i is an integer greater than 1;

s2, when the ith blank enters the corner channel, operating the hydraulic press to enable the extrusion pressure head to upwards exit the unequal channel die, vertically placing the (i +1) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure, pressing down the extrusion pressure head, pushing the ith blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure through the (i +1) th blank, and enabling the (i +1) th blank to enter the corner channel;

s3, putting the ith blank subjected to the first extrusion into the inlet of the unequal channel structure of the unequal channel die of the next pass, simultaneously vertically putting the (i + 2) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure, pressing down the extrusion pressure head, pushing the (i +1) th blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure through the (i + 2) th blank, simultaneously putting the (i + 2) th blank into the corner channel, vertically putting the (i +1) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure of the unequal channel die of the next pass, pressing down the extrusion pressure head, pushing the (i +1) th blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure, and finishing the second extrusion; repeating the steps S1 to S3 by analogy; several extrusions of several billets are achieved.

Preferably, the size of the inlet of the non-equal channel die used next time is larger than the size of the outlet of the non-equal channel die used previous time.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:

adopt the angular extrusion of unequal channel structure, unequal channel structure internal diameter grow gradually, and the blank is extruded more easily, and the extrusion force is littleer, and is lower to equipment requirement. Due to the change of the inner diameter of the unequal channel structure, the friction between the inner wall of the unequal channel structure and the blank is greatly reduced, the abrasion loss of the die is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an unequal channel mold of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the non-equal channel mold for the next pass of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an extrusion strong deformation process using the non-equal channel die of the present invention;

wherein: the method comprises the following steps of (1) 100-unequal channel die, 1-die body, 2-first extrusion channel, 3-corner channel, 4-second extrusion channel, 5-outlet channel, 6-extrusion pressure head, 7-ith blank and 8-ith +1 blank.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

The invention aims to provide an unequal channel die and an extrusion strong deformation process, which are used for solving the problems in the prior art, so that a blank is easy to extrude, the wear rate of the die is reduced, and the service life of the die is prolonged.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

Example one

As shown in fig. 1-2: the embodiment provides a non-equal channel die 100, which comprises a die body 1, wherein a non-equal channel structure is arranged in the die body 1, the non-equal channel structure comprises a first extrusion channel 2, a corner channel 3, a second extrusion channel 4 and an outlet channel 5, the first extrusion channel 2 is vertically arranged, the corner channel 3 is in a bent shape, the second extrusion channel 4 and the outlet channel 5 are both horizontally arranged, one end of the first extrusion channel 2 is an inlet of the non-equal channel structure, the other end of the first extrusion channel 2 is connected with one end of the corner channel 3, the other end of the corner channel 3 is connected with one end of the second extrusion channel 4, the other end of the second extrusion channel 4 is connected with one end of the outlet channel 5, and the other end of the outlet channel 5 is an outlet of the non-equal channel structure; first extrusion passageway 2, corner passageway 3, second extrusion passageway 4 all adopts the reducing design, first extrusion passageway 2's size is by the one end of first extrusion passageway 2 to the other end grow gradually of first extrusion passageway 2, corner passageway 3's size is by the one end of corner passageway 3 to the other end grow gradually of corner passageway 3, second extrusion passageway 4's size is by the one end of second extrusion passageway 4 to the other end grow gradually of second extrusion passageway 4, outlet channel 5 is the equidimension passageway, the smooth no sudden change of inner wall transition of passageway structure such as non-waits. When the unequal channel die 100 of the embodiment is used for extrusion, the blank is easier to extrude, the wear rate of the die is reduced, the service life of the die is prolonged, and the cost is reduced.

The diameter of the extrusion head 6, which is matched to this embodiment, is the same as the inlet diameter.

In this embodiment, the other end of the first extrusion channel 2 has the same size as one end of the corner channel 3, the other end of the corner channel 3 has the same size as one end of the second extrusion channel 4, and the other end of the second extrusion channel 4 has the same size as the cross-sectional size of the outlet channel 5.

In this embodiment, the bending angle of the corner passage 3 is 90 degrees.

In this embodiment, the taper of the first extrusion channel 2 is 1-2 degrees.

In this embodiment, the taper of the second extrusion channel 4 is 1-2 degrees.

In this embodiment, the same non-equal channel mold 100Radius R of outer arc of corner channel 3₁Comprises the following steps:

wherein, theta₁Is the angle theta between the side wall of the first extrusion channel 2 and the vertical direction₁＝1～2°，θ₂Is the angle theta between the side wall of the second extrusion channel 4 and the horizontal direction₂1-2 degrees, L is the distance from the plane of the inlet to the upper surface of the second extrusion channel, h₁Is the height, phi, of the outer straight wall of the first extrusion channel 2₁The size of the entrance, Φ, of the non-equal channel mold 100 for the previous pass₂The size of the exit of the non-equal channel die 100 for the previous pass.

In this embodiment, the radius of the inner arc of the corner channel 3 of the same unequal channel mold 100

R₂Comprises the following steps:

wherein, theta₁Is the angle theta between the side wall of the first extrusion channel 2 and the vertical direction₂Is the angle between the side wall of the second extrusion channel 4 and the horizontal direction, L is the distance from the plane of the inlet to the upper surface of the second extrusion channel 4, h₂Is the height of the straight wall inside the first extrusion channel 2.

It should be noted here that, due to the design of the mold, the radius R of the outer and inner straight walls of the first extrusion channel 2 and the outer and inner circular arcs of the corner channel 3 is ensured₁And R₂Smooth transition of h₁And h₂And not necessarily equal.

In this embodiment, the size of the inlet of the non-equal channel die 100 used next time is larger than the size of the outlet of the non-equal channel die 100 used previous time. Preferably, the inner diameter of the inlet of the next pass is 1mm larger than the inner diameter of the outlet of the previous pass. As shown in fig. 2, the non-equal channel mold of the next pass100 inner diameter of inlet₃＝(Φ₂+1) mm, i.e. a single side gap of 0.5mm, the internal diameter of the opening of the non-equal channel die 100 of the next pass is phi₄And by analogy, the inner diameter of the inlet of each set of the unequal channel die 100 is 1mm larger than the inner diameter of the outlet of the unequal channel die 100 in the previous pass.

Example two

As shown in fig. 3: the embodiment provides an extrusion strong deformation process using the unequal channel die 100 of the first embodiment, which includes the following steps:

s1, vertically placing the ith blank 7 into an inlet of an unequal channel structure, wherein the diameter of the blank is smaller than the inner diameter of the inlet, preferably the diameter of the blank is smaller than the inner diameter of the inlet by 1mm, operating a hydraulic press to enable an extrusion pressure head 6 to extrude the ith blank 7 downwards, and enabling the ith blank 7 to enter a corner channel 3, wherein i is an integer larger than 1; when the blank enters the corner channel 3, the blank can generate huge shear strain, so that the effect of almost pure shear is generated, and crystal grains are refined to a certain degree;

s2, when the ith blank 7 enters the corner channel 3, operating the hydraulic press to enable the extrusion pressure head 6 to upwards exit the unequal channel die 100, then vertically placing the (i +1) th blank 8 into the inlet of the unequal channel structure, pressing down the extrusion pressure head 6, pushing the (i) th blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure through the (i +1) th blank, and simultaneously enabling the (i +1) th blank to enter the corner channel 3; because the unequal channel structure adopts the reducing design, the extrusion process becomes easy, the extrusion force is reduced, the blank is easier to extrude, and the abrasion of the die is greatly reduced;

s3, placing the ith blank 7 which is subjected to the first extrusion into the inlet of the unequal channel structure of the unequal channel die 100 of the next pass, simultaneously vertically placing the (i + 2) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure, pressing down the extrusion press head 6, pushing the (i +1) th blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure through the (i + 2) th blank, simultaneously entering the (i + 2) th blank into the corner channel 3, vertically placing the (i +1) th blank into the inlet of the unequal channel structure of the unequal channel die 100 of the next pass, pressing down the extrusion press head 6, and pushing the (i +1) th blank out of the outlet of the unequal channel structure through the (i +1) th blank to complete the second extrusion; repeating the steps S1 to S3 by analogy; realizes the extrusion of a plurality of blanks for a plurality of times, fully refines crystal grains and greatly improves the material performance.

The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific examples in the present specification, and the above descriptions of the examples are only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, the specific embodiments and the application range may be changed. In view of the above, the present disclosure should not be construed as limiting the invention.