阅读说明：本技术 一种三自由度球齿轮的电火花加工装置和加工方法 (Electric spark machining device and method for three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear ) 是由 王佰超 张雪 张澧桐 顾莉栋 宋林森 孙晨晨 赵鹏程 王鑫 王丞 荆事成 吕智 于 2021-10-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种三自由度球齿轮的电火花加工装置和加工方法,属于机械加工技术领域。其中,一种三自由度球齿轮的电火花加工装置,包括多个仿形电极杆一、多个仿形电极杆二、多个仿形电极工具头一、多个仿形电极工具头二、多个导向槽一、多个导向槽二、转轴和进给盘。本发明公开的加工方法及装置使用的仿形电极工具头各侧曲面为待加工件共轭曲面,适用于所有齿形齿轮。该加工方法为电火花加工,通过控制仿形电极工具头进给量实现一次性完成待加工件的精加工,为一次性加工,有利于提高脉冲利用率,高效加工。该加工方法及装置利用电热熔结原理快速生产,仿形电极工具头加工路径简单,效率高,可用于批量加工。(An electric spark machining device and a machining method for a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear belong to the technical field of machining. The electric spark machining device for the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear comprises a plurality of first copying electrode rods, a plurality of second copying electrode rods, a plurality of first copying electrode tool heads, a plurality of second copying electrode tool heads, a plurality of first guide grooves, a plurality of second guide grooves, a rotating shaft and a feeding disc. The invention discloses a processing method and a device, wherein the curved surfaces of the sides of a copying electrode tool head are conjugate curved surfaces of workpieces to be processed, and the method and the device are suitable for all tooth-shaped gears. The machining method is electric spark machining, finish machining of the workpiece to be machined is completed at one time by controlling the feeding amount of the tool head of the copying electrode, and the machining method is one-time machining, is favorable for improving the pulse utilization rate and is efficient in machining. The processing method and the device utilize the electric heating sintering principle for rapid production, the processing path of the profiling electrode tool head is simple, the efficiency is high, and the method and the device can be used for batch processing.)

1. An electric spark machining device of a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear is characterized by comprising a plurality of first copying electrode rods (1), a plurality of second copying electrode rods (2), a plurality of first copying electrode tool heads (3), a plurality of second copying electrode tool heads (4), a plurality of first guide grooves (5), a plurality of second guide grooves (6), a rotating shaft (7) and a feeding disc (8);

the back surfaces of the first copying electrode rods (1) and the second copying electrode rods (2) are provided with threads, and the threads at the two positions can be matched with the plane threads on the front surface of the feeding disc (8);

the shapes of the first copying electrode tool heads (3) and the second copying electrode tool heads (4) are different, the first copying electrode tool heads (3) sequentially correspond to the position of a tooth cavity system I (9-1) on the spherical gear (9) with three degrees of freedom to be machined, and are all conjugate curved surfaces corresponding to the tooth cavities system I (9-1) and curved surfaces; the second copying electrode tool heads (4) sequentially correspond to the tooth cavity system I (9-2) on the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear (9) to be machined, and are all conjugate curved surfaces corresponding to the tooth cavities I (9-2) and the curved surfaces;

the central lines of the first guide grooves (5) and the second guide grooves (6) pass through the spherical center of the spherical gear (9) with three degrees of freedom to be processed;

the first copying electrode rods (1) and the first copying electrode tool heads (3) are correspondingly and fixedly installed and are correspondingly and coaxially arranged with the first guiding grooves (5);

the second copying electrode rods (2) are fixedly installed corresponding to the second copying electrode tool heads (4) and are coaxially arranged corresponding to the second guide grooves (6);

the guide grooves I (5) and the guide grooves II (6) are distributed at intervals;

the rotating shaft (7) is fixedly arranged on the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear (9) to be processed;

the circle center of the feeding disc (8) is concentrically and coordinately installed with the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear (9) to be processed.

2. An electric spark processing method of a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, machining a tooth cavity I (9-1): starting a feeding disc (8), and synchronously feeding a plurality of profile modeling electrode tool heads (3) which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system I (9-1) on a three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear (9) to be processed to a tooth root circle of the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear (9) to be processed towards the center under the driving of the matching of a plane thread of the feeding disc and back threads of a plurality of bionic electrode rods I (1); the feeding disc (8) rotates reversely, under the drive of the matching of the plane threads of the feeding disc and the back threads of the bionic electrode rods I (1), a plurality of profile modeling electrode tool heads I (3) which are uniformly distributed in the tooth cavity system I (9-1) on the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear (9) to be processed synchronously exit to a safe position from the center, the feeding disc (8) stops rotating, and the processing of the tooth cavity system I (9-1) at the longitude line position is completed;

step 2, transposition processing: starting the rotating shaft (7) to complete the rotation of the spherical gear (9) with three degrees of freedom to be processed by 30 degrees along the axis of the spherical gear;

step 3, machining a plurality of tooth cavities I (9-1): repeating the steps 1 and 2 until all tooth cavities I (9-1) are machined;

and 4, replacing the electrode: unloading a plurality of profiling electrode rods I (1) and a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads I (3) on a tooth cavity system I (9-1), and correspondingly installing a plurality of profiling electrode rods II (2) and a plurality of profiling tool heads II (4) corresponding to a tooth cavity system II (9-2) at a plurality of guide grooves II (6);

step 5, processing a tooth cavity system II (9-2): starting a feeding disc (8), and synchronously feeding a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads II (4) which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system II (9-2) corresponding to the spherical gear (9) with three degrees of freedom to be processed to the tooth root circle of the spherical gear (9) with three degrees of freedom to be processed towards the center; the feeding disc (8) rotates reversely, a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads II (4) which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system II (9-2) corresponding to the spherical gear (9) with three degrees of freedom to be processed synchronously exit to a safe position towards the center, the feeding disc (8) stops rotating, and the tooth cavity system II (9-2) at the longitude line is processed;

step 6, transposition processing: starting the rotating shaft (7) to complete the rotation of the spherical gear (9) with three degrees of freedom to be processed by 30 degrees along the axis of the spherical gear;

step 7, processing a plurality of tooth cavity systems II (9-2): and (5) repeating the steps 5 and 6 until the machining of all the tooth cavity systems II (9-2) is completed.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of machining, and particularly relates to an electric spark machining device and method for a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear.

Background

The two-degree-of-freedom spherical gear mechanism adopts a designed numerical control gear grinding machine to perform precise grinding machining, but a special grinding tool which is matched with a tooth profile needs to be designed for a tooth surface with more than six-level precision or even the fine machining cannot be completed for a local tooth surface of the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear at all, and the precision is greatly influenced by a machining method and equipment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides an electric spark machining device and a machining method of a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear, aiming at solving the problem that the local tooth surface is difficult to finish in the machining of the complex tooth surface of the three-degree-of-freedom ball gear in the prior art.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the invention is as follows:

the electric spark machining device for the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear is characterized by comprising a plurality of first copying electrode rods, a plurality of second copying electrode rods, a plurality of first copying electrode tool heads, a plurality of second copying electrode tool heads, a plurality of first guide grooves, a plurality of second guide grooves, a rotating shaft and a feeding disc. The back surfaces of the first copying electrode rods and the second copying electrode rods are provided with threads, and the threads at the two positions can be matched with the plane threads on the front surface of the feeding disc; the first copying electrode tool heads and the second copying electrode tool heads are different in shape, correspond to one position of a tooth cavity system on the spherical gear with three degrees of freedom to be machined in sequence, and are all conjugate curved surfaces corresponding to the tooth cavities and the curved surfaces; the second plurality of profiling electrode tool heads sequentially correspond to one position of a tooth cavity system on the spherical gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed, and the tooth cavities are conjugate curved surfaces corresponding to all curved surfaces; the central lines of the first guide grooves and the second guide grooves pass through the spherical center of the spherical gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed; the first copying electrode rods and the first copying electrode tool heads are correspondingly and fixedly installed and are correspondingly and coaxially arranged with the guide grooves; the second copying electrode rods are fixedly installed corresponding to the tool heads of the second copying electrode and are coaxially arranged corresponding to the guide grooves; the first guide grooves and the second guide grooves are distributed at intervals; the rotating shaft is fixedly arranged on the spherical gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed; the circle center of the feeding disc is concentrically matched with the spherical gear to be machined.

An electric spark processing method of a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, processing a tooth cavity at one position: starting a feeding disc, and synchronously feeding a plurality of profile modeling electrode tool heads which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system one corresponding to the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear to be processed to a tooth root circle of the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear to be processed in a central direction under the driving of the matching of a plane thread of the feeding disc and a back thread of a plurality of bionic electrode rods; the feeding disc rotates reversely, under the drive of the matching of the plane threads of the feeding disc and the back threads of the bionic electrode rods, a plurality of profile modeling electrode tool heads which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system I on the three-freedom-degree spherical gear to be processed synchronously retreat to a safe position from the center, the feeding disc stops rotating, and the processing of the tooth cavity system I at the longitude line is completed;

step 2, transposition processing: starting the rotating shaft to complete the rotation of the spherical gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed by 30 degrees along the axis of the spherical gear;

step 3, processing a plurality of tooth cavities: repeating the steps 1 and 2 until all tooth cavities are machined;

and 4, replacing the electrode: unloading a plurality of first profiling electrode rods and a plurality of first profiling electrode tool heads on one position of a tooth cavity system, and correspondingly installing a plurality of second profiling electrode rods and a plurality of second profiling tool heads corresponding to a tooth cavity system II at a plurality of guide grooves II;

step 5, processing a tooth cavity system at two positions: starting a feeding disc, and synchronously feeding a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system II corresponding to the ball gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed to a tooth root circle of the ball gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed in a bidirectional center manner; the feeding disc rotates reversely, a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system II corresponding to the spherical gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed synchronously retreat to a safe position from two directions, and the feeding disc stops rotating to complete the processing of the tooth cavity system II at the longitude line;

step 6, transposition processing: starting the rotating shaft to complete the rotation of the spherical gear with three degrees of freedom to be processed by 30 degrees along the axis of the spherical gear;

step 7, processing a plurality of tooth cavity systems at two positions: and (5) repeating the steps 5 and 6 until all the tooth cavity systems are machined.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the processing method and the device use the curved surface of each side of the copying electrode tool head as the conjugate curved surface of the workpiece to be processed, and are suitable for all tooth-shaped gears.

The machining method is electric spark machining, finish machining of the workpiece to be machined is completed at one time by controlling the feeding amount of the tool head of the copying electrode, and the machining method is one-time machining, is favorable for improving the pulse utilization rate and is efficient in machining.

The processing method and the device utilize the electric heating sintering principle for rapid production, the processing path of the profiling electrode tool head is simple, the efficiency is high, and the method and the device can be used for batch processing.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is an overall schematic view of an electric discharge machining apparatus for a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a to-be-processed three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the main parts of the electric discharge machining according to the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the main parts of the electric discharge machining according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following drawings and detailed description.

As shown in fig. 1 to 4, an electric spark machining apparatus for a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear includes a plurality of first profiling electrode rods 1, a plurality of second profiling electrode rods 2, a plurality of first profiling electrode tool bits 3, a plurality of second profiling electrode tool bits 4, a plurality of first guide grooves 5, a plurality of second guide grooves 6, a rotating shaft 7, and a feeding tray 8.

The back surfaces of the first copying electrode rods 1 and the second copying electrode rods 2 are provided with threads, and the threads at the two positions can be matched with the plane threads on the front surface of the feeding disc 8;

the shapes of the first copying electrode tool heads 3 and the second copying electrode tool heads 4 are different, the first copying electrode tool heads 3 sequentially correspond to the positions of a tooth cavity system I9-1 on the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be machined, and the tooth cavities are conjugate curved surfaces corresponding to the curved surfaces of the tooth cavity system I9-1; the second copying electrode tool heads 4 sequentially correspond to the tooth cavities on the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be machined, namely the first 9-2 positions, and are all conjugate curved surfaces corresponding to the tooth cavities on the first 9-2 curved surfaces;

the central lines of the first guide grooves 5 and the second guide grooves 6 pass through the spherical center of the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be processed;

the plurality of profiling electrode rods I1 and the plurality of profiling electrode tool heads I3 are correspondingly and fixedly installed and are correspondingly and coaxially arranged with the plurality of guide grooves I5;

the second copying electrode rods 2 are fixedly installed corresponding to the second copying electrode tool heads 4 and are coaxially arranged corresponding to the second guiding grooves 6;

the first guide grooves 5 and the second guide grooves 6 are distributed at intervals;

the rotating shaft 7 is fixedly arranged on the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear 9 to be processed;

the circle center of the feeding disc 8 is concentrically matched with the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be processed.

An electric spark processing method of a three-degree-of-freedom ball gear is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, machining a 9-1 part of a tooth cavity: starting a feeding disk 8, and synchronously feeding a plurality of profile modeling electrode tool heads 3 which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity I9-1 on the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear 9 to be processed to the tooth root circle of the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear 9 to be processed towards the center under the driving of the matching of the plane threads of the feeding disk and the back threads of the bionic electrode rods I1; the feeding disc 8 rotates reversely, under the drive of the matching of the plane threads of the feeding disc and the back threads of the bionic electrode rods I1, a plurality of copying electrode tool heads I3 which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system I9-1 on the three-degree-of-freedom spherical gear 9 to be processed synchronously retreat to a safe position from the center, the feeding disc 8 stops rotating, and the processing of the tooth cavity system I9-1 at the longitude line position is completed;

step 2, transposition processing: starting the rotating shaft 7 to complete the rotation of the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be processed by 30 degrees along the axis of the spherical gear;

step 3, machining a plurality of tooth cavities I9-1: repeating the steps 1 and 2 until all tooth cavities I9-1 are machined;

and 4, replacing the electrode: unloading a plurality of profiling electrode rods I1 and a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads I3 on a tooth cavity system I9-1 position, and correspondingly installing a plurality of profiling electrode rods II 2 and a plurality of profiling tool heads II 4 corresponding to a tooth cavity system II 9-2 at a plurality of guide grooves II 6;

step 5, processing a second 9-2 tooth cavity system: starting a feeding disc 8, and synchronously feeding a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads II 4 which are uniformly distributed in a tooth cavity system II 9-2 corresponding to the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be processed to the tooth root circle of the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be processed towards the center; the feeding disc 8 rotates reversely, a plurality of profiling electrode tool heads II 4 which are uniformly distributed in the tooth cavity system II 9-2 corresponding to the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be processed synchronously exit to a safe position towards the center, the feeding disc 8 stops rotating, and the tooth cavity system II 9-2 at the longitude line is processed;

step 6, transposition processing: starting the rotating shaft 7 to complete the rotation of the spherical gear 9 with three degrees of freedom to be processed by 30 degrees along the axis of the spherical gear;

step 7, processing a plurality of tooth cavity systems II 9-2: and (5) repeating the steps 5 and 6 until the machining of all the tooth cavity systems II 9-2 is completed.