阅读说明：本技术 一种畜禽粪便快速处理方法 (Method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure ) 是由 郑绍军 韩亮 吴启川 于 2021-10-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及畜禽粪便处理技术领域,且公开了一种畜禽粪便快速处理方法,包括预处理—配料—静置—混料—静态发酵—搅拌烘干—降温。该一种畜禽粪便快速处理方法,通过调节温控搅拌发酵罐的温度为110℃,可以杀灭病毒病菌、各类种子、各类虫卵,避免施肥后虫卵对农作物造成危害,可以实时监控发酵温度并适应作出调整,有利于发酵进程的控制,确保发酵效果,可以提升发酵处理禽畜粪污的效率,可以将畜禽粪便中的大分子变成土壤易吸收的小分子,且添加的硫酸亚铁可以防止氮素挥发,添加的过磷酸钙可以防止畜禽粪便中铵素养分的挥发流失,而且能加速畜禽粪便的腐熟过程,增加有效磷含量。(The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure treatment, and discloses a rapid livestock and poultry manure treatment method which comprises pretreatment, batching, standing, mixing, static fermentation, stirring and drying, and cooling. This quick processing method of beasts and birds excrement and urine, through adjusting the temperature of control by temperature change stirring fermentation cylinder 110 ℃, can kill virus germ, all kinds of seeds, all kinds of worm's ovum, the worm's ovum causes harm to crops after avoiding fertilizing, can real time monitoring fermentation temperature and adaptation make the adjustment, be favorable to the control of fermentation process, ensure the fermentation effect, can promote the dirty efficiency of fermentation treatment beasts and birds excrement, can become the macromolecule in the beasts and birds excrement and urine into the easy absorbed micromolecule of soil, and the ferrous sulfate of interpolation can prevent that the nitrogen from volatilizing, the calcium superphosphate of interpolation can prevent the volatilization loss of ammonium element nutrient in the beasts and birds excrement and urine, and can accelerate the process of rotting of beasts and birds excrement and urine, increase effective phosphorus content.)

1. A method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps of pretreatment, proportioning, standing, mixing, static fermentation, stirring, drying and cooling, and comprises the following specific steps:

s1 pretreatment: collecting livestock and poultry manure, and performing dry-wet separation to obtain livestock and poultry manure with the water content of 50-60%;

s2, batching: conveying the livestock and poultry manure and the straws into an upper hopper by a feeding machine, and then enabling the livestock and poultry manure and the straws to fall into a fermentation tank;

s3 standing: adjusting the temperature of the fermentation tank to 110 ℃, and standing for 2 hours;

s4 mixing: cooling the fermentation tank to below 85 ℃, adding microbial secretion, a decomposing agent and inorganic salt in the fermentation tank, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;

s5 static fermentation: controlling the temperature of a fermentation tank below 85 ℃ and fermenting for 2-3 h;

s6, stirring and drying: after static fermentation is carried out for 1 hour, keeping the temperature at 85 ℃, and drying the materials by adopting a wheel disc type turning, throwing, turning and pushing mode until the water content of the materials at the bottom is 28-32%;

s7, cooling: and (4) after drying, standing until the temperature of the bottom of the fermentation tank is reduced to room temperature, unloading to finished product conveying equipment, and finally transporting to packaging equipment for packaging to obtain a finished product.

2. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the feed ratio of the poultry manure to the straws in the S2 is 10-15:1, wood chips are also added in the S2, and the feed ratio of the manure to the straws to the wood chips is 8-10: 1: 0.5.

3. the method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the material loading machine is one or more combination of a forklift material loading machine or a belt conveying material loading machine, the finished product conveying equipment is a belt conveyor, and the fermentation tank is a temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank.

4. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and the microbial secretion added in the S4 accounts for 1% -2% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure in the fermentation tank.

5. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microbial secretion comprises: secretion produced by one or more of filamentous bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes.

6. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the inorganic salt comprises ferrous sulfate and calcium superphosphate.

7. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the decomposing agent in the S4 is liquid or powder.

8. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the S6, the time for drying and fermenting the materials by adopting a wheel disc type turning and pushing is 2-4 hours.

9. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the straws in the S2 are the rest parts of the harvested seeds of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton and sugarcane.

10. The method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and in the S2, the livestock and poultry manure is one or a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and duck manure.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock and poultry manure treatment, in particular to a method for quickly treating livestock and poultry manure.

Background

In recent years, with the rapid development of the breeding industry, the large-scale, intensive and modern breeding districts are continuously increased, the number of large-scale farms is increased, the production of livestock and poultry manure is increased, and the annual current yield of Chinese livestock and poultry waste is about 41.21 hundred million tons according to relevant data of agricultural rural areas, wherein the direct excretion of livestock and poultry is 19.7 hundred million tons, and the sewage discharge yield in the breeding process is 21.51 hundred million tons. Excrement and urine discharged in the livestock and poultry breeding process can generate a large amount of high-concentration malodorous harmful substances under the action of fermenting and decomposing excrement and urine through bacteria, and the harmful substances with extremely strong malodorous contain a large amount of volatile harmful substances, pollute air and influence the life quality of residents around a farm. Polluted surface water permeates into underground water along with soil, influences the water quality of the underground water, causes the diffusion of pathogenic bacteria, and is harmful to human health and the growth of other plants.

Influence of livestock and poultry waste pollution on environment quality of urban and rural areas

In order to facilitate transportation, most of large-scale livestock and poultry farms are built in suburbs of cities or rural residential areas, and because the suburbs of the cities do not have enough land for containing huge waste, the livestock and poultry waste is discarded randomly and sewage is discharged randomly, so that serious environmental pressure is brought to the urban and rural areas, and the environmental quality of the urban and rural areas is influenced.

② pollution of water body by livestock and poultry waste

The mode of polluting the water body with the excrement is complex, and the three types of pollution, eutrophication and biological pathogen pollution caused by the putrefactive decomposition products of organic matters in the excrement are mainly summarized. The sewage discharged by the livestock and poultry farm without treatment contains a large amount of highly polluting substances, the high-concentration livestock and poultry sewage N, P is high in content, the water quality is continuously deteriorated, the water body is seriously eutrophicated, and a large amount of livestock and poultry solid waste and sewage are discharged into fishponds and rivers, so that aquatic organisms sensitive to organic pollution die, and even the fishponds and the rivers lose the using function.

The infiltration of fecal sewage into the ground can cause the nitrate content in the ground water to be too high and the water quality to deteriorate and be undrinkable. Improper use causes soil contamination and an increase in nitrate and nitrite in food.

Thirdly pollution to the soil

The soil pollution mainly comprises organic matter decomposition product pollution in the excrement and pathogenic microorganism and parasite pollution in the excrement. When the excrement and decomposition products thereof or carried pollutants entering the soil exceed the self-purification capacity of the soil, the composition and the shape of the soil are changed, the original basic functions of the soil are damaged, and the harm is caused to the life and the health of people and animals.

Pollution to air

When livestock manure is subjected to stacking fermentation under anaerobic conditions, ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, trimethylamine and the like are decomposed and released, pungent smells such as sour taste, smelly egg taste, fishy smell and stink are generated, stink gases such as methyl mercaptan, dimethyl disulfide, methyl sulfide, dimethylamine and various lower fatty acids are mainly generated, and serious pollution is caused to the atmospheric environment around a farm. The livestock and poultry are in a low-concentration ammonia environment for a long time, the physique is weakened, the livestock and poultry are easy to get ill, and the daily gain and the productivity are reduced. People are easy to cause eye conjunctivitis, lacrimation, rhinitis and tracheitis in an environment with high ammonia content for a long time. Hydrogen sulfide volatilized into the atmosphere can also cause acid rain, affecting crop growth and air quality.

Fifthly, spreading pathogenic bacteria

A large amount of pathogenic microorganisms, parasitic ova and bred mosquitoes and flies in the livestock and poultry waste can increase the types of pathogenic bacteria in the environment, the pathogenic bacteria and the parasites are propagated in a large amount, and the pathogenic bacteria and the parasites can cause the infection spreading of people and livestock, especially when people and livestock are ill together, the epidemic situation can be caused, and disastrous harm is brought to people and livestock.

According to statistics, most of livestock and poultry excrement is not effectively treated and applied, and great pressure is brought to environmental management, so that how to reasonably utilize the livestock and poultry excrement becomes a problem to be solved urgently.

In addition, the livestock and poultry waste is rich in organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrients and other mineral elements, which are fertilizer resources with high agricultural utilization value, the most economical and effective treatment mode is farmland utilization, and the livestock and poultry waste treatment by using a composting technology is a new technology.

Therefore, how to increase the composting efficiency of livestock and poultry wastes and reasonably utilize composting products, and changing a pollution source into a required fertilizer is another important subject which needs to be solved and researched urgently, so a method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry excrement is provided.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for quickly treating livestock and poultry manure, which has the advantages of killing virus and germs, various seeds and various insect eggs, monitoring the fermentation temperature in real time and adapting to adjustment, being beneficial to controlling the fermentation process, improving the efficiency of treating the livestock and poultry manure by fermentation and keeping the components required by plants in the livestock and poultry manure.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps of pretreatment, batching, standing, mixing, static fermentation, stirring and drying, and cooling, and specifically comprises the following steps:

s1 pretreatment: collecting livestock and poultry manure, and performing dry-wet separation to obtain livestock and poultry manure with the water content of 50-60%;

s2, batching: conveying the livestock and poultry manure and the straws into an upper hopper by a feeding machine, and then enabling the livestock and poultry manure and the straws to fall into a fermentation tank;

s3 standing: regulating the temperature of the fermentation tank to 110 ℃, and standing for 2 hours;

s4 mixing: cooling the fermentation tank to below 85 ℃, adding microbial secretion, a decomposing agent and inorganic salt in the fermentation tank, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;

s5 static fermentation: controlling the temperature of a fermentation tank below 85 ℃ and fermenting for 2-3 h;

s6, stirring and drying: after static fermentation is carried out for 1 hour, keeping the temperature at 85 ℃, and drying the materials by adopting a wheel disc type turning, throwing, turning and pushing mode until the water content of the materials at the bottom is 28-32%;

s7, cooling: and (4) after drying, standing until the temperature of the bottom of the fermentation tank is reduced to room temperature, unloading to finished product conveying equipment, and finally transporting to packaging equipment for packaging to obtain a finished product.

Preferably, the feeding ratio of the poultry manure to the straws in the S2 is 10-15:1, wood chips are also added in the S2, and the feeding ratio of the manure to the straws to the wood chips is 8-10: 1: 0.5.

preferably, the material loading machine is one or more of a forklift material loading machine or a belt conveying material loading machine, the finished product conveying equipment is a belt conveyor, and the fermentation tank is a temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank.

Preferably, the microbial secretion added in the S4 accounts for 1% -2% of the mass of the livestock and poultry manure in the fermentation tank.

Preferably, the microbial secretion comprises: secretion produced by one or more of filamentous bacteria, yeast and actinomycetes.

Preferably, the inorganic salt comprises ferrous sulfate and calcium superphosphate.

Preferably, the decomposing agent in S4 is liquid or powder.

Preferably, in the step S6, the drying and fermentation time of the material turned and pushed by the wheel disk is 2 to 4 hours.

Preferably, the straws in the S2 are the rest part of the harvested seeds of wheat, rice, corn, potatoes, rape, cotton and sugarcane.

Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure in the S2 is one or a mixture of pig manure, cow manure, sheep manure, chicken manure and duck manure.

(III) advantageous effects

Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure, which has the following beneficial effects:

1. according to the method for quickly treating the livestock and poultry manure, viruses, germs, various seeds and various insect eggs can be killed by adjusting the temperature of the temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank to be 110 ℃, and the harm of the insect eggs to crops after fertilization is avoided.

2. According to the method for quickly treating the livestock and poultry manure, the fermentation temperature can be monitored in real time through the temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank and adjusted in a suitable manner, so that the control of the fermentation process is facilitated, the fermentation effect is ensured, and the control convenience of fermentation is improved through stirring.

3. According to the method for rapidly treating the livestock and poultry manure, the fermentation temperature can be controlled through the temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank, the fermentation process can be completed within 3 hours, the efficiency of treating the livestock and poultry manure through fermentation is improved, and the problems that the fermentation time is too long and the temperature cannot be controlled in the traditional composting process are solved.

4. According to the method for rapidly treating the livestock and poultry manure, the added microbial secretion can be used for changing macromolecules in the livestock and poultry manure into small molecules which are easy to absorb by soil by means of cutting, modifying and converting, elements such as N, P, K, C and S are reserved, the added ferrous sulfate can prevent nitrogen volatilization, the added calcium superphosphate can prevent volatilization loss of ammonium nutrients in the livestock and poultry manure, the decomposition process of the livestock and poultry manure can be accelerated, and the effective phosphorus content is increased.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example 1

Referring to fig. 1, a method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps of pretreatment, blending, standing, mixing, static fermentation, stirring, drying and cooling:

s1 pretreatment: collecting cow dung, and performing dry-wet separation to obtain cow dung with the water content of 55%;

s2, batching: adopt belt conveying material loading machine to do the proportion: conveying the cow dung and the corn straws in a ratio of 11:1 into an upper hopper, and enabling the cow dung and the corn straws to fall into a temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank;

s3 standing: adjusting the temperature of the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor to 110 ℃, and then standing for 2 hours;

s4 mixing: cooling the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor to 80 ℃, adding mixed secretion of filamentous bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes, a liquid decomposing agent, ferrous sulfate and calcium superphosphate which account for 1.5% of the total weight of the cow dung into the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;

s5 static fermentation: controlling the temperature of the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor to be 80 ℃, and fermenting for 2 hours;

s6, stirring and drying: after static fermentation is carried out for 1 hour, keeping the temperature at 75 ℃, and drying the materials by adopting a wheel disc type turning and pushing mode for 2 hours until the water content of the materials at the bottom is 30%;

s7, cooling: and (4) after drying, standing until the temperature of the bottom of the temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank is reduced to room temperature, then discharging to a belt conveyor, and finally transporting to packaging equipment through the belt conveyor for packaging to obtain a finished product.

Example 2

A method for rapidly treating livestock and poultry manure comprises the following steps of pretreatment, batching, standing, mixing, static fermentation, stirring and drying, and cooling, and specifically comprises the following steps:

s1 pretreatment: collecting pig manure, and performing dry-wet separation to obtain pig manure with the water content of 50%;

s2, batching: adopt belt conveying material loading machine to do the proportion: 8:1: 0.5 of pig manure, wheat straw and wood dust are conveyed into an upper hopper and fall into a temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank;

s3 standing: adjusting the temperature of the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor to 110 ℃, and then standing for 2 hours;

s4 mixing: cooling the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor to 70 ℃, adding mixed secretion of filamentous bacteria, saccharomycetes and actinomycetes, a powder decomposing agent, ferrous sulfate and calcium superphosphate which account for 1.1% of the total weight of the pig manure into the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed material;

s5 static fermentation: controlling the temperature of the temperature-controlled stirred fermentor to 83 ℃ and fermenting for 2.5 hours;

s6, stirring and drying: after static fermentation is carried out for 1 hour, the temperature is kept at 71 ℃, and the materials are dried for 2.5 hours by adopting a wheel disc type turning and pushing material until the water content of the materials at the bottom is 27%;

s7, cooling: and (4) after drying, standing until the temperature of the bottom of the temperature-controlled stirring fermentation tank is reduced to room temperature, unloading to a belt conveyor, and finally transporting to packaging equipment through the belt conveyor for packaging to obtain a finished product.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.