阅读说明：本技术 一种生物炭缓释烟草种植专用肥及其制备方法 (Biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and preparation method thereof ) 是由 彭伟 王振杰 陈家平 黄宗历 于 2021-10-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种生物炭缓释烟草种植专用肥及其制备方法,各组份重量百分比为：秸秆生物炭：65％-80％,尿素：2％-6％,过磷酸钙：1％-5％,氯化钾：1％-7％,硫酸铜：1％-6％,重钙：1％-4％,农药肥料：1％-4％。本发明利用催化剂中含生物质质量40％的含活性基团的活性剂和生物质质量60％的催化剂,可以对生物质进行固溶炭化,提高生物炭转化率,从而提高生物炭对烟草种植专用肥的缓释效果,提高烟草的生产力,接着根据南北方的土壤对生物炭、氮、磷元素、钾肥、硫酸钾和重钙重量的配比进行合理调整,方便工作人员在不同地方进行烟草种植工作,再利用农药肥料起到杀虫的作用,从而确保烟草的正常生长。(The invention discloses a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and a preparation method thereof, wherein the biochar slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by weight: straw biochar: 65% -80%, urea: 2% -6%, calcium superphosphate: 1% -5%, potassium chloride: 1% -7%, copper sulfate: 1% -6%, triple superphosphate: 1% -4%, pesticide fertilizer: 1 to 4 percent. According to the invention, the active agent containing active groups and the catalyst containing active groups, wherein the active agent contains 40% of the mass of the biomass, and the catalyst contains 60% of the mass of the biomass, so that the solid solution carbonization of the biomass can be carried out, the conversion rate of the biochar is improved, the slow release effect of the biochar on the special fertilizer for tobacco planting is improved, the productivity of the tobacco is improved, then, the weight ratio of the biochar, nitrogen and phosphorus elements, a potash fertilizer, a potassium sulfate and triple superphosphate is reasonably adjusted according to the soil in the south and north, the tobacco planting work of workers in different places is facilitated, and the pesticide fertilizer is utilized to play a role in killing insects, so that the normal growth of the tobacco is ensured.)

1. A biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting is characterized in that: the weight percentages of the components are as follows:

straw biochar: 65% -80%;

urea: 2% -6%;

calcium superphosphate: 1% -5%;

potassium chloride: 1% -7%;

copper sulfate: 1% -6%;

heavy calcium: 1% -4%;

and (3) pesticide fertilizer: 1 to 4 percent.

2. The biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the northern soil fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 79%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 4%, potassium chloride: 4%, copper sulfate: 2%, heavy calcium: 2%, pesticide fertilizer: 4 percent.

3. The biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the southern soil fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 74%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 3%, potassium chloride: 5%, copper sulfate: 6%, heavy calcium: 4%, pesticide fertilizer: 4 percent.

4. The biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pesticide fertilizer is a mixture of a silicon fertilizer, weeding urea, a weeding compound fertilizer and an antibacterial fertilizer, and the mixing ratio is 1:1:1: 1.

5. The biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the straw biochar is agricultural waste, and is prepared by sequentially carrying out air drying, crushing, carbonization and re-crushing on the agricultural waste wheat straws.

6. The biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the copper sulfate is a bactericide and can be prepared according to the difference of soil in the south and north.

7. A preparation method of a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting is characterized by comprising the following steps: the preparation method comprises the following steps:

s1, firstly crushing wheat straws to obtain biomass, mixing the biomass with a catalyst, then putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle, carrying out solid solution carbonization on the biomass at the temperature of 400-700 ℃ and under the pressure, then cooling, and cooling to the temperature below 40 ℃ after the carbonization conversion is finished to obtain the straw biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing straw biochar: 79%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 4%, potassium chloride: 4%, copper sulfate: 2%, heavy calcium: 2%, pesticide fertilizer: 4% for standby, then preparing straw biochar: 74%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 3%, potassium chloride: 5%, copper sulfate: 6%, heavy calcium: 4%, pesticide fertilizer: 4% for standby;

s3, mixing materials:

the two kinds of straw biochar, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, copper sulfate, heavy calcium and pesticide fertilizer are respectively put into a mixing box to be mixed.

S4, uniformly mixing the straw biochar, nitrogen and phosphorus elements, the potash fertilizer, the potassium sulfate, the triple superphosphate and the pesticide fertilizer at the rotation speed of 100-300 revolutions per minute at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.

And S5, finally, putting the mixed special fertilizer for tobacco planting into a vacuum bag for vacuum packaging, and conveying the packaged fertilizer into a warehouse for standard detection.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and a preparation method thereof.

Background

At present, the fertilizer used in the tobacco planting process is mainly a special fertilizer for tobacco planting or simply a compound fertilizer, and the organic matter content of soil and the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the soil are reduced, the soil porosity and permeability are reduced, and the physicochemical properties and the biological properties of the soil are gradually deteriorated due to the long-term large-scale application of the fertilizer in the tobacco fields of China, so that under the current mode of high agricultural input and high output, the mineral nutrients in the soil are greatly consumed, the tobacco fields are subjected to nutrient imbalance, the fertilization benefit is reduced, and the factor for limiting the improvement of the tobacco leaf quality is formed The conversion of the tobacco internal substances and the formation of the high-quality tobacco leaves, therefore, the improvement of the carbon-nitrogen ratio of tobacco field soil, the improvement of tobacco field soil environment and the improvement of tobacco fertilizer utilization rate are urgent tasks in the tobacco leaf production process, and the biochar is a carbonized carbon-containing rich solid product remained after separating combustible gas from biomass under the high-temperature pyrolysis in an oxygen-free or oxygen-limited state. The biochar has high carbon content, stable property, loose and porous surface and large specific surface area, can effectively improve the carbon-nitrogen ratio of soil and increase the organic matter content of the soil after being applied to the soil, has rich microporous structures, large specific surface area, high adsorption capacity and the like, has potential as a carrier for producing long-acting slow-release fertilizer, prolongs the effective period of nutrients, is basically synchronous with the nutrient absorption rule of crops, can reduce the leaching loss of the nutrients and the pollution of chemical fertilizer, promotes the nutrient absorption of the crops, and maintains the sustainable production capacity of the soil, so the biochar special fertilizer for slow-release tobacco planting and the preparation method thereof are needed in the tobacco planting process.

The inventor finds that at least the following problems in the prior art are not solved: 1. the existing biochar has poor slow release effect on the special fertilizer for tobacco planting, and the productivity of tobacco is reduced; 2. the tobacco planting work is inconvenient for workers to carry out according to the soil in the south and the north, and the tobacco planting work of the workers in different places is influenced; 3. the growth of tobacco is easily influenced by the silkworm feeding of insects in the growth process of tobacco. Therefore, the invention designs a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and a preparation method thereof.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and a preparation method thereof, which are used for solving the problems that the conventional biochar provided in the background technology has poor slow-release effect on the fertilizer special for tobacco planting, reduces the productivity of tobacco, is inconvenient for workers to carry out tobacco planting according to soil in the south and north, influences the workers to carry out tobacco planting in different places, and is easy to be eaten by insects during the growth of the tobacco, and influences the growth of the tobacco. Therefore, the invention designs a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and a preparation method thereof.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

straw biochar: 65% -80%;

urea: 2% -6%;

calcium superphosphate: 1% -5%;

potassium chloride: 1% -7%;

copper sulfate: 1% -6%;

heavy calcium: 1% -4%;

and (3) pesticide fertilizer: 1 to 4 percent.

Preferably, the northern soil fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 79%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 4%, potassium chloride: 4%, copper sulfate: 2%, heavy calcium: 2%, pesticide fertilizer: 4 percent.

Preferably, the southern soil fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 74%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 3%, potassium chloride: 5%, copper sulfate: 6%, heavy calcium: 4%, pesticide fertilizer: 4 percent.

Preferably, the pesticide fertilizer is a mixture of a silicon fertilizer, weeding urea, a weeding compound fertilizer and an antibacterial fertilizer, and the mixing ratio is 1:1:1: 1.

Preferably, the straw biochar is agricultural waste, and is prepared by sequentially carrying out air drying, crushing, carbonization and re-crushing on the agricultural waste wheat straws.

Preferably, the copper sulfate is a bactericide and can be prepared according to the difference of soil in north and south.

A preparation method of a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting comprises the following steps:

s1, firstly crushing wheat straws to obtain biomass, mixing the biomass with a catalyst, then putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle, carrying out solid solution carbonization on the biomass at the temperature of 400-700 ℃ and under the pressure, then cooling, and cooling to the temperature below 40 ℃ after the carbonization conversion is finished to obtain biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing straw biochar: 79%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 4%, potassium chloride: 4%, copper sulfate: 2%, heavy calcium: 2%, pesticide fertilizer: 4% for standby, then preparing straw biochar: 74%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 3%, potassium chloride: 5%, copper sulfate: 6%, heavy calcium: 4%, pesticide fertilizer: 4% for standby;

s3, mixing materials:

the two kinds of straw biochar, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, copper sulfate, heavy calcium and pesticide fertilizer are respectively put into a mixing box to be mixed.

S4, uniformly mixing the straw biochar, nitrogen and phosphorus elements, the potash fertilizer, the potassium sulfate, the triple superphosphate and the pesticide fertilizer at the rotation speed of 100-300 revolutions per minute at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.

And S5, finally, putting the mixed special fertilizer for tobacco planting into a vacuum bag for vacuum packaging, and conveying the packaged fertilizer into a warehouse for standard detection.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention utilizes the active agent containing 40 percent of biomass mass and the catalyst containing 60 percent of biomass mass in the catalyst in the fertilizer special for tobacco planting to carry out solid solution carbonization on biomass and improve the conversion rate of the biochar, thereby improving the slow release effect of the straw biochar on the fertilizer special for tobacco planting and improving the productivity of tobacco, the straw biochar can improve the ecological environment of soil, increase the granular structure, activate and loosen soil, improve the acidification and hardening states of the soil, improve the water storage and fertilizer retention capacity, fertilize the soil, rapidly degrade pesticide residue and organic pollution, adsorb, solidify and passivate heavy metals in the soil, reduce and intercept the absorption of crops on harmful substances, then reasonably adjust the weight ratio of the straw biochar, nitrogen, phosphorus elements, potash fertilizer, potassium sulfate and heavy calcium according to the soil in the north and south, and facilitate the tobacco planting work of workers in different places, and then, various metal ions and non-metal ions in the pesticide fertilizer are utilized, some of the ions can stimulate the epidermis of the insects, and some of the ions can permeate into the bodies of the insects to influence the balance of visceral electrolytes of the insects, so that the effect of killing insects is achieved, and the normal growth of tobacco is ensured. Therefore, the invention designs a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and a preparation method thereof.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the weight percentages of the components of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a graph of the percent nitrogen content of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a graph showing the percent phosphorus content of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a graph of the percentage of potassium in accordance with the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1-4, the present invention provides a technical solution: a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting comprises the following components in percentage by weight:

straw biochar: 65% -80%;

urea: 2% -6%;

calcium superphosphate: 1% -5%;

potassium chloride: 1% -7%;

copper sulfate: 1% -6%;

heavy calcium: 1% -4%;

and (3) pesticide fertilizer: 1 to 4 percent.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the weight percentages of the components are as follows:

straw biochar: 65% -80%;

urea: 2% -6%;

calcium superphosphate: 1% -5%;

potassium chloride: 1% -7%;

copper sulfate: 1% -6%;

heavy calcium: 1% -4%;

and (3) pesticide fertilizer: 1 to 4 percent.

In the embodiment, the northern soil fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 79%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 4%, potassium chloride: 4%, copper sulfate: 2%, heavy calcium: 2%, pesticide fertilizer: 4 percent.

In the embodiment, the southern soil fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: straw biochar: 74%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 3%, potassium chloride: 5%, copper sulfate: 6%, heavy calcium: 4%, pesticide fertilizer: 4 percent.

In the embodiment, the pesticide fertilizer is a mixture of a silicon fertilizer, weeding urea, weeding compound fertilizer and bacteriostasis fertilizer, and the mixing ratio is 1:1:1: 1.

In the embodiment, the straw biochar is agricultural waste, the agricultural waste wheat straws are sequentially subjected to air drying, crushing, carbonization and re-crushing to prepare the straw biochar, the straw biochar can assist azotobacter in fixing nitrogen in soil, the straw biochar has strong nitrogen fixing capacity, the utilization efficiency of ammonia fertilizer is increased, the azotobacter is promoted to secrete auxin, and the growth of plants and the development of fruits are promoted.

In the embodiment, the copper sulfate is a bactericide and can be prepared according to the difference of soil in the south and north.

The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:

s1, firstly crushing wheat straws to obtain biomass, mixing the biomass with a catalyst, then putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle, carrying out solid solution carbonization on the biomass at the temperature of 400-700 ℃ and under the pressure, then cooling, and cooling to the temperature below 40 ℃ after the carbonization conversion is finished to obtain biochar;

s2, then batching:

preparing straw biochar: 79%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 4%, potassium chloride: 4%, copper sulfate: 2%, heavy calcium: 2%, pesticide fertilizer: 4% for standby, then preparing straw biochar: 74%, urea: 4%, calcium superphosphate: 3%, potassium chloride: 5%, copper sulfate: 6%, heavy calcium: 4%, pesticide fertilizer: 4% for standby;

s3, mixing materials:

the two kinds of straw biochar, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride, copper sulfate, heavy calcium and pesticide fertilizer are respectively put into a mixing box to be mixed.

S4, uniformly mixing the straw biochar, nitrogen and phosphorus elements, the potash fertilizer, the potassium sulfate, the triple superphosphate and the pesticide fertilizer at the rotation speed of 100-300 revolutions per minute at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.

And S5, finally, putting the mixed special fertilizer for tobacco planting into a vacuum bag for vacuum packaging, and conveying the packaged fertilizer into a warehouse for standard detection, wherein the standard detection can be carried out (see fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4).

Example two:

the difference characteristic from the first embodiment is that:

straw biochar: 65% -80%;

urea: 2% -9%;

calcium superphosphate: 1% -8%;

potassium chloride: 1% -9%;

heavy calcium: 1 to 4 percent.

In the embodiment, the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 74%, urea: 8%, calcium superphosphate: 7%, potassium chloride: 9%, heavy calcium: 2 percent.

In the embodiment, the heavy calcium does not contain ferric sulfate and aluminum sulfate, and is completely composed of monocalcium phosphate, so that the degradation effect of the phosphoric acid cannot occur in soil.

In the embodiment, the straw biochar is agricultural waste, and the straw biochar is prepared by sequentially carrying out air drying, crushing, carbonization and re-crushing on the agricultural waste wheat straws.

The refining method of this example comprises the following steps:

s1, firstly crushing wheat straws to obtain biomass, mixing the biomass with a catalyst, then putting the mixture into a reaction kettle, heating the reaction kettle, carrying out solid solution carbonization on the biomass at the temperature of 400-700 ℃ and under the pressure, then cooling, and cooling to the temperature below 40 ℃ after the carbonization conversion is finished to obtain the straw biochar;

s2, then batching:

straw biochar: 74%, urea: 8%, calcium superphosphate: 7%, potassium chloride: 9%, heavy calcium: 2% for standby;

s3, mixing materials:

quantitative straw biochar, urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium chloride and triple superphosphate are put into a mixing box to be mixed.

S4, uniformly mixing the straw biochar, the urea, the calcium superphosphate, the potassium chloride and the triple superphosphate at the rotation speed of 100-300 r/min at the temperature of 20-30 ℃.

And S5, finally, taking one leaf from each embodiment area at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the tobacco plant 50 days earlier after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, then removing veins, and measuring the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tobacco plant after sampling is finished, wherein the contents can be referred to (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4).

Example three:

the difference from the first embodiment and the second embodiment is characterized in that:

the weight percentages of the components are as follows:

straw biochar: 65% -85%;

urea: 2% -10%;

calcium superphosphate: 1% -9%;

potassium chloride: 1 to 11 percent.

In the embodiment, the fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: straw biochar: 72%, urea: 8%, calcium superphosphate: 9%, potassium chloride: 11 percent.

The preparation method of this example includes the following steps:

s1, firstly, preparing materials:

preparing straw biochar: 72%, urea: 8%, calcium superphosphate: 9% and potassium chloride: 11% for standby;

s2, mixing materials:

quantitative straw biochar, urea, calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride are put into a mixing box to be mixed.

S4, uniformly mixing the straw biochar, the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium chloride at the rotating speed of 100-300 r/m and the temperature of 20-30 ℃.

And S5, finally, taking one leaf from each embodiment area at the upper part, the middle part and the lower part of the tobacco plant 50 days earlier after the tobacco seedling is transplanted, then removing veins, and measuring the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the tobacco plant after sampling is finished, wherein the contents can be referred to (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3 and figure 4).

In summary, the following steps: by comparing the first embodiment, the second embodiment and the third embodiment with reference (fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3 and fig. 4), the invention provides a biochar slow-release fertilizer special for tobacco planting and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively inhibit the progress of side reactions by using an active agent containing 40% of biomass mass and a catalyst containing 60% of biomass mass in the catalyst, can also perform solid solution carbonization on biomass, improve the conversion rate of biochar, thereby improving the slow-release effect of biochar on the fertilizer special for tobacco planting and improving the productivity of tobacco, then reasonably adjust the weight ratio of biochar, nitrogen, phosphorus element, potassium fertilizer, potassium sulfate and triple superphosphate according to soil in the north and south, and facilitate workers to plant tobacco in different places, and then utilize a plurality of metal and non-metal ions in pesticide fertilizers, some of which can stimulate insect epidermis, some of the tobacco leaves can permeate into the bodies of insects to influence the balance of visceral electrolytes of the insects, so that the tobacco leaves have an insecticidal effect and the normal growth of tobacco is ensured.

It is noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.