阅读说明：本技术 一种磁等离子体动力推力器的分级启动装置 (Grading starting device of magnetic plasma power thruster ) 是由 周成 韩道满 李永 王戈 丛云天 王宝军 姚兆普 刘旭辉 赵博强 亢淼 应磊 于 2021-08-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种磁等离子体动力推力器的分级启动装置,包括阴极、第一阳极、第二阳极、阴阳极绝缘陶瓷；推力器点火时,阴极和第一阳极首先启动引出束流,然后对第二阳极加载空载电压,使得第二阳极启动；阴阳极绝缘陶瓷用于第一阳极与第二阳极的绝缘；第一阳极与阴极之间的最小距离不超过预设第一间距且使得启动击穿电压不超过预设第一电压；第一阳极与第二阳极之间的最小距离不超过预设第二间距且第二阳极环与阴极的空载电压不超过预设第二电压。(A graded starting device of a magnetic plasma power thruster comprises a cathode, a first anode, a second anode and cathode-anode insulating ceramics; when the thruster is ignited, the cathode and the first anode are started to extract beam current, and then no-load voltage is loaded on the second anode to start the second anode; the cathode-anode insulating ceramic is used for insulating the first anode and the second anode; the minimum distance between the first anode and the cathode does not exceed a preset first distance and the starting breakdown voltage does not exceed a preset first voltage; the minimum distance between the first anode and the second anode does not exceed a preset second distance, and the no-load voltage of the second anode ring and the cathode does not exceed a preset second voltage.)

1. A graded starting device of a magnetic plasma dynamic thruster is characterized by comprising a cathode, a first anode, a second anode and cathode-anode insulating ceramics;

when the thruster is ignited, the cathode and the first anode are started to extract beam current, and then no-load voltage is loaded on the second anode to start the second anode; the cathode-anode insulating ceramic is used for insulating the first anode and the second anode;

the minimum distance between the first anode and the cathode does not exceed a preset first distance and the starting breakdown voltage does not exceed a preset first voltage;

the minimum distance between the first anode and the second anode does not exceed a preset second distance, and the no-load voltage of the second anode ring and the cathode does not exceed a preset second voltage.

2. The staged starting device of claim 1, wherein said cathode is a porous hollow cathode.

3. The staged starting device of claim 1, wherein the first anode comprises a first anode ring, a first anode power column, a first anode power strip, a first anode insulating ceramic tube;

the first anode ring and the cathode are coaxially arranged to form a combination, and the cathode and the anode are sleeved outside the combination in a ceramic insulating way, so that the first anode ring and the second anode are insulated; the first anode power supply bar supplies power to the first anode ring through the first anode power supply column; wherein the first anode power supply column passes through the first anode insulating ceramic tube.

4. The staged starting device of claim 1, wherein the second anode comprises a second anode ring, a second anode power block, a second anode housing;

the second anode ring is sleeved outside the cathode-anode insulating ceramic and is insulated from the first anode;

the second anode power supply block is used for supplying power to the second anode ring;

the second anode casing is welded with the second anode ring, and a second anode cooling channel is formed between the second anode casing and the second anode ring.

5. The staged starting device of claim 3 wherein the first anode insulating ceramic tube and the cathode insulating ceramic are made of ceramic material.

6. A staged actuation arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the first anode ring is formed from a high temperature resistant conductive material.

7. The staged starting device as defined in claim 4, wherein the second anode ring, the second anode casing, and the second anode power supply block are made of copper material, and are sealed by brazing, and the pressure resistance of the second anode cooling channel is 4MPa at maximum.

8. The staged starting device according to claim 3, wherein the first anode insulating ceramic tube is fitted with the through hole of the second anode ring of the second anode in a clearance fit manner, and the clearance is controlled to be 0.05mm to 0.1 mm.

9. The staged starting device as defined in claim 3, wherein the first anode ring is coaxial with the front end cylindrical surface of the cathode when mounted, and the coaxiality satisfies the requirement of 0.05mm to 0.1 mm.

10. The staged actuating apparatus as claimed in claim 3, wherein the first anode power supply column has an end formed by M5 screw threads, and is connected to the taper hole of the first anode ring, so as to reduce the contact resistance by means of a counter bore; the other end of the first anode power supply column is a cylindrical section, is tightly pressed with the first anode power supply strip through an M4 screw and a gasket, and is loose-proof through glue dispensing and curing.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a graded starting device of a magnetic plasma power thruster, in particular to a graded starting structure device of a high-power magnetic plasma power thruster, which is used for attitude and orbit control and high-orbit maneuvering of a high-power spacecraft platform and belongs to the technical field of design of electric propulsion power systems of space spacecrafts.

Background

The magnetic plasma power propulsion is a novel power device which generates high-density plasma through high-temperature arc ionization working media and generates thrust by accelerating the plasma through Lorentz force formed by a strong magnetic field and large current, has the technical advantages of ultrahigh specific impulse, high thrust density, compact structure and the like, has core indexes such as specific impulse and the like far higher than those of the existing space propulsion technology, and is one of key technologies for determining success or failure of important aerospace tasks such as future manned Mars detection, deployment of ultra-large space-based weapon platforms and the like.

The traditional magnetic plasma power thruster adopts an ultrahigh-voltage single cathode-anode breakdown ignition structure design, the design scheme is relatively simple, but the problems of overhigh breakdown voltage and overhigh starting power and serious starting ablation of a cathode exist, and the service life of the whole thruster is limited to be prolonged. In addition, the design of a single cathode-anode breakdown ignition structure brings design difficulties of ultra-high voltage module insulation protection, a topological circuit and the like of the high-power supply processing unit, and the development difficulty of the high-power supply processing unit is greatly improved.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the graded starting device of the magnetic plasma power thruster is provided and comprises a cathode, a first anode, a second anode and cathode-anode insulating ceramics; when the thruster is ignited, the cathode and the first anode are started to extract beam current, and then no-load voltage is loaded on the second anode to start the second anode; the cathode-anode insulating ceramic is used for insulating the first anode and the second anode; the minimum distance between the first anode and the cathode does not exceed a preset first distance and the starting breakdown voltage does not exceed a preset first voltage; the minimum distance between the first anode and the second anode does not exceed a preset second distance, and the no-load voltage of the second anode ring and the cathode does not exceed a preset second voltage.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a graded starting device of a magnetic plasma power thruster comprises a cathode, a first anode, a second anode and cathode-anode insulating ceramics;

when the thruster is ignited, the cathode and the first anode are started to extract beam current, and then no-load voltage is loaded on the second anode to start the second anode; the cathode-anode insulating ceramic is used for insulating the first anode and the second anode;

the minimum distance between the first anode and the cathode does not exceed a preset first distance and the starting breakdown voltage does not exceed a preset first voltage;

the minimum distance between the first anode and the second anode does not exceed a preset second distance, and the no-load voltage of the second anode ring and the cathode does not exceed a preset second voltage.

Preferably, the cathode is a porous hollow cathode.

Preferably, the first anode comprises a first anode ring, a first anode power supply column, a first anode power supply strip and a first anode insulating ceramic tube;

the first anode ring and the cathode are coaxially arranged to form a combination, and the cathode and the anode are sleeved outside the combination in a ceramic insulating way, so that the first anode ring and the second anode are insulated; the first anode power supply bar supplies power to the first anode ring through the first anode power supply column; wherein the first anode power supply column passes through the first anode insulating ceramic tube.

Preferably, the second anode comprises a second anode ring, a second anode power supply block, a second anode housing;

the second anode ring is sleeved outside the cathode-anode insulating ceramic and is insulated from the first anode;

the second anode power supply block is used for supplying power to the second anode ring;

the second anode casing is welded with the second anode ring, and a second anode cooling channel is formed between the second anode casing and the second anode ring.

Preferably, the first anode insulating ceramic tube and the cathode and anode insulating ceramic are made of ceramic materials.

Preferably, the first anode ring is made of a high-temperature-resistant conductive material.

Preferably, the second anode ring, the second anode shell and the second anode power supply block are made of copper materials, sealing is achieved through brazing welding, and the maximum pressure resistance value of the second anode cooling channel is 4 MPa.

Preferably, the first anode insulating ceramic tube and the through hole of the second anode ring of the second anode are installed in a clearance fit mode, and the clearance is controlled to be 0.05 mm-0.1 mm.

Preferably, the first anode ring is coaxial with the front end cylindrical surface of the cathode when being installed, and the coaxiality meets the requirement of 0.05 mm-0.1 mm.

Preferably, one end of the first anode power supply column is provided with M5 threads, the M5 threads are connected with the taper hole of the first anode ring, and the contact resistance is reduced in a counter bore mode; the other end of the first anode power supply column is a cylindrical section, is tightly pressed with the first anode power supply strip through an M4 screw and a gasket, and is loose-proof through glue dispensing and curing.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the invention, a design scheme of a first anode and cathode annular nested structure is adopted, the shortest straight line distance range of the first anode ring and the cathode tip is 2-3 mm, the starting breakdown voltage of the first anode and the cathode is 450V-800V, and the starting voltage of the traditional magnetic plasma power thruster is about 14000V, so that the starting voltage of the thruster can be greatly reduced; stabilizing the working voltage to 20-40V and the working current to 80-100A, wherein the length of the outgoing beam is about 350-500 mm;

(2) the invention adopts a second anode ring structure design, the shortest straight line distance between the second anode ring and the tip of the first anode ring is 10-20 mm, the second anode ring and the tip of the first anode ring are both of annular cavity structures, 350-600V no-load voltage is loaded, the first anode beam is led out to the second anode, and the first anode output is closed after the second anode stably outputs;

(3) according to the invention, the ceramic tube is coaxially matched with the metal screw, and the second anode and the cathode-anode insulating ceramic are perforated to complete the connection of the first anode power supply column and the first anode and the insulation of the first anode and the second anode; the outer wall surface of the ceramic tube and the cathode-anode insulating ceramic are sealed through high-temperature insulating glue, so that plasma is prevented from reaching the second anode through a gap, and the starting and ignition of the first anode are further influenced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A graded starting device of a magnetic plasma dynamic thruster is characterized by comprising a cathode, a first anode, a second anode and cathode-anode insulating ceramics;

when the thruster is ignited, the cathode and the first anode are started to extract beam current, and then no-load voltage is loaded on the second anode to start the second anode; the cathode-anode insulating ceramic is used for insulating the first anode and the second anode;

the minimum distance between the first anode and the cathode does not exceed a preset first distance and the starting breakdown voltage does not exceed a preset first voltage;

the minimum distance between the first anode and the second anode does not exceed a preset second distance, and the no-load voltage of the second anode ring and the cathode does not exceed a preset second voltage.

The first anode comprises a first anode ring, a first anode power supply column, a first anode power supply strip and a first anode insulating ceramic tube; the first anode ring and the cathode are coaxially arranged to form a combination, and the cathode and the anode are sleeved outside the combination in a ceramic insulating way, so that the first anode ring and the second anode are insulated; the first anode power supply bar supplies power to the first anode ring through the first anode power supply column; wherein the first anode power supply column passes through the first anode insulating ceramic tube.

The second anode comprises a second anode ring, a second anode power supply block and a second anode shell; the second anode ring is sleeved outside the cathode-anode insulating ceramic and is insulated from the first anode; the second anode power supply block is used for supplying power to the second anode ring; the second anode casing is welded with the second anode ring, and a second anode cooling channel is formed between the second anode casing and the second anode ring.

The cathode adopts a porous hollow cathode.

The first anode insulating ceramic tube and the cathode and anode insulating ceramic are both made of ceramic materials. The first anode ring is made of high-temperature-resistant conductive materials, such as tungsten, molybdenum, zirconium, graphite and the like.

The second anode ring, the second anode shell and the second anode power supply block are made of copper materials, sealing is achieved through brazing welding, and the maximum pressure resistant value of the second anode cooling channel is 4 MPa.

The first anode insulating ceramic tube and the through hole of the second anode ring of the second anode are installed in a clearance fit mode, and the clearance is controlled to be 0.05-0.1 mm.

The first anode ring is coaxial with the front end cylindrical surface of the cathode when being installed, and the coaxiality meets the requirement of 0.05 mm-0.1 mm.

One end of the first anode power supply column is provided with M5 threads, is connected with the taper hole of the first anode ring, and reduces the contact resistance in a counter bore mode; the other end of the first anode power supply column is a cylindrical section, is tightly pressed with the first anode power supply strip through an M4 screw and a gasket, and is loose-proof through glue dispensing and curing.

More specifically:

a grading starting device of a magnetic plasma power thruster is shown in figure 1 and comprises a porous hollow cathode, a first anode ring, a first anode power supply column, a first anode power supply strip, a first anode insulating ceramic tube, cathode and anode insulating ceramic, a second anode shell, a second anode ring and a second anode power supply block. And the thruster is ignited and instantly starts to extract beam current through low voltage and low power between the first anode ring and the cathode, then loads no-load voltage to the second anode ring through the second anode power supply block, and then completes the start of the second anode, thereby realizing the graded start.

A grading starting device of a magnetic plasma power thruster is characterized in that the coaxiality of a cathode, a first anode ring and a second anode ring is ensured to be good so as to realize uniform and stable discharge on the whole structure installation, and the coaxiality is superior to 0.1 mm; meanwhile, the ceramic insulation structure meets the requirement of voltage resistance, and the voltage resistance exceeds 15000V; the power supply connection is safe and reliable, meets the requirement of maximum current, and is not lower than 500A. Second positive pole passes through clearance fit installation with negative and positive pole insulating ceramic, and porous hollow cathode cooperatees through the insulating ceramic hole of negative and positive pole and realizes coaxial matching, and first positive pole ring need assist installation lantern ring frock to cooperate the negative pole in advance when the installation, at first positive pole power supply post, first positive pole insulating ceramic pipe passes the second positive pole and is connected with first positive pole ring and through housing screw and the fixed back of second positive pole power supply strip, realizes first positive pole ring position and fixes, withdraws from supplementary installation lantern ring frock again.

The first anode comprises a first anode ring, a first anode power supply column, a first anode power supply strip and a first anode insulating ceramic tube, the shortest straight-line distance between the first anode ring and the tip of the cathode is 2-3 mm, the starting breakdown voltage of the first anode and the cathode is 450-800V, the stable working voltage is 20-40V, the stable working current is 80-100A, and the length of the extracted beam current is about 350-500 mm.

The second anode comprises a second anode ring, a second anode power supply block, a second anode shell and a second anode cooling circulation channel, the shortest linear distance between the second anode ring and the tip of the cathode is 16-22 mm, the shortest linear distance between the second anode ring and the tip of the first anode is 10-20 mm, the no-load between the second anode and the cathode is 350-600V, the working voltage is stabilized to be 80-100V, and the working current is stabilized to be 120-500A.

One end of the first anode power supply column is in M5 threaded connection with the taper hole of the first anode ring, and the contact resistance is reduced through the counter bore. The other end is a cylindrical section, and the cylindrical section is tightly pressed with the power supply strip through a screw and a gasket and is solidified and anti-loose through a point high-temperature insulating glue. The first anode power supply column is a cylinder with the outer diameter of 12-14 mm, and meets the use requirement of more than 110A of current.

The second anode power supply block and the second anode ring are pressed and fixed through an M5 screw, the tightening torque is 2.5-3 Nm, and then the loosening prevention treatment is performed through high-temperature insulating glue solidification; the second anode ring is connected with the power supply cable in a crimping mode.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that those matters not described in detail in the present specification are well known in the art.

Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make variations and modifications of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention by using the methods and technical contents disclosed above.