阅读说明：本技术 尿液中血型物质的检测及其分析方法 (Method for detecting and analyzing blood type substances in urine ) 是由 龚卫锋 于 2020-06-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了尿液中血型物质的检测及其分析方法,对尿液中血型物质进行检测,扩展血型检测的新方法,对一些重症烧伤患者和新生儿因抽血困难患者提供方便。用试管法检测尿液中血型物质,与基因扫描检测结果进行比较。患者血液中血型与患者尿中血型结果完全一致,通过试管法可检测出尿液中血型抗原物质。(The invention discloses a method for detecting and analyzing blood type substances in urine, which is a novel method for detecting the blood type substances in the urine and expanding the blood type detection, and provides convenience for severe burn patients and newborn patients with blood drawing difficulty. And (3) detecting blood type substances in the urine by using a test tube method, and comparing with a gene scanning detection result. The blood type in the blood of the patient is completely consistent with the blood type result in the urine of the patient, and the blood type antigen substance in the urine can be detected by a test tube method.)

1. The method for detecting and analyzing blood group substances in urine is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting materials: selecting out-patient health examiners in hospital and patients with normal hospitalization and non-blood relation detected by urine routine for 132 patients, 69 men, 63 women and patients with age of 6-82 years, using reagents and instruments, and using anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibodies as products of Changchun biological product research institute of Ministry of health;

(2) collecting a specimen: urine does not contain salivary enzymes, so there is no need to inactivate salivary enzymes which can inactivate blood group substances as is the case with the detection of salivary substances. The standard operation rule of urine collection is formulated and executed, and the sample collection should be made of dry, clean and leak-proof disposable materials and does not react with urine. The volume is 50-100 ml, the round opening and the base seat are wide and can stand upright. A sealing device with a cover and easy opening and closing is selected from a biosafety angle (aerosol can be generated due to a urine specimen), and a special clean and soft polyethylene plastic bag is used for collecting urine of a child patient. Most preferably, the midstream urine is retained, and generally 5-10 ml is retained. The urine examination is not suitable for women during menstrual period; the urine is left for the first test in the morning, so that the urine is an ideal urine test specimen. Because the concentration of the components contained in the urine is more than that of the urine diluted by a large amount of drinking water in the daytime, the change of the detection result can be reflected more accurately;

(3) and (3) urine storage: the samples should be taken and inspected as soon as possible to avoid influence of cell metabolism and the like on inspection results, preservatives are added or refrigerated in a refrigerator when the urine is kept for a long time in hot weather, and 0.5ml of formalin preservative can be added into every 100ml of urine. When the urine is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, the urine is protected from light and covered so as to prevent the urine from deteriorating to influence the test result, the storage time in the refrigerator is not more than 8 hours, and the urine is taken out of the refrigerator and recovered to the room temperature for detection;

(4) information acquisition: if the urine contains other components which affect the detection result, natural precipitation or centrifugation at 3000 rpm/min for 1 min is needed, and the components are discarded, so that serious bacteriuria specimen is not suitable for use. The influence of human factors on specimen collection is avoided, and if the clinical examination sheet is damaged and lost or the specimen is polluted, a doctor writes patient information or applies for an item which is not standard and cannot be easily identified, the specimen detection result is mistaken. The computer bar code comprises all information such as patient information, examination items and the like, the bar code is the unique identification code of all inpatients, the bar code is pasted on the urine specimen container for inspection, and specimen collection errors caused by human factors can be avoided. The understanding of the important role of the urine test result in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is improved for the nursing staff, the standard collection of the sample is beneficial to improving the diagnosis rate of the disease and reducing the misdiagnosis rate, so that the examination staff, the doctor and the nursing staff need to understand and communicate with each other and assist closely, the medical care coupling error is reduced, and the most important point is that the nursing staff has an important tie effect;

(5) detecting blood type substances in urine: taking 3 clean small test tubes, respectively marking anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB, respectively adding 100 mul of anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB typing serum with 1:16 dilution times to the bottom of the test tube by a dropper, respectively adding 100 mul of urine of a detected person by the dropper, mixing, standing for 15 minutes, respectively adding 1 drop of A, B and O type 3% reagent erythrocyte suspension by the dropper, uniformly mixing, and centrifuging for 15s at 3000 r/min. Gently shaking the test tube to float the erythrocyte settled at the bottom of the tube, mixing, observing with naked eye whether agglutination (hemolysis) occurs or not, if no agglutination occurs, pouring the reactant on a glass slide, and then inspecting with low power microscope for agglutination;

(6) quality control of blood type substances in urine: arranging nine groups of test tubes, an experimental group comprising three rows of test tubes, a negative control group comprising three rows of test tubes and a positive control group comprising three rows of test tubes, wherein each group comprises seven tubes, adding two drops of physiological saline into each tube, adding standard anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB serum into the first tube of the experimental group and the first tube of the control group respectively, diluting each row of standard serum from 1:2 to 1:128 step by step, adding 100 mu l of urine of a tested person into each tube of the experimental group, adding urine of a patient or a volunteer without blood type components to be tested into the negative control tube, adding urine of a patient or a volunteer with blood type components to be tested into the positive control tube, mixing, standing for 15 minutes, adding A, B and 50 mu l of O type 3% reagent red cell suspension respectively into a dropper, mixing uniformly, and centrifuging for 15s at 3000 r/min. The tube is gently shaken to float the red blood cells settled at the bottom of the tube, and the mixture is mixed, and the presence or absence of agglutination (hemolysis) is observed by naked eyes, if no agglutination is observed by naked eyes, the reactant is poured on a glass slide, and the presence or absence of agglutination is detected by a low power microscope. The dilution tubes of the experimental group and the control group are diluted to 1:64 and then the tubes are not agglutinated because the antigen-antibody ratio is not proper and the phenomenon of banding occurs; the negative control groups 1:8 and 1:32 have agglutination strength lower than 1:16 due to improper antigen-antibody ratio; within 2min, the test tubes containing corresponding blood type substances in 1:16 and 1:32 tubes in the experimental group have no agglutination, but the test tubes containing the corresponding blood type substances in 1:16 tubes have more stable results, 1: 2-1: 8 tubes are better agglutinated, and the 1:16 dilution tube is best for urine blood grouping in general view, for example, the 1:8 and 1:32 tubes can be additionally arranged to prevent the urine concentration or dilution from influencing the results;

(7) statistical analysis: the data analysis is carried out by adopting a sps 20.0 software, and the comparison among the present examples of the three groups of data samples adopts chi²And (6) checking. P>0.05 the difference was considered to be not statistically significant;

(8) and (3) analysis results: the experiment is competitive immunoreaction, blood group substances in the urine of a patient and standard red blood cells are competitively reacted with diluted standard serum, if the blood group substances are contained in the urine of the patient, the standard red blood cells are not reacted with the diluted standard serum, and visible agglutination reaction can not occur, and vice versa. If the anti-A tube is not agglutinated, the anti-B tube is agglutinated, and the anti-A tube is type A; if the anti-B tube is not agglutinated, the anti-A tube is agglutinated, namely B type; if the anti-B tube is not agglutinated, the anti-A tube is not agglutinated, and the anti-B tube is AB type; such as anti-A tube agglutination and anti-B tube agglutination, i.e. O type. And making table data of 'comparison result of urine and blood type', wherein from experimental results, 43 cases of patients with type A blood have type A substances detected in urine, 41 cases of patients with type B blood have type B substances detected in urine, 39 cases of patients with type O blood have type O substances detected in urine, 9 cases of patients with type AB blood have type AB substances detected in urine, and statistical analysis shows that the degree of freedom is 6, and chi degree of freedom is²Value less than 0.68, P>0.05, no statistical difference exists between the two groups of results;

(9) quality control: blood and urine components of a donor can be collected at the same time to be used as a control group, and the detection results of the blood and urine components are completely consistent and qualified.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for detecting and analyzing blood group substances, in particular to a method for detecting and analyzing blood group substances in urine.

Background

Blood type generally refers to the typing of red blood cells, which depends on the presence or absence of certain heritable antigenic substances on the surface of the red blood cells. Usually, some antigens are encoded by alleles of the same gene or by several genes that are closely linked, and these antigens constitute a blood group system. In blood typing, agglutination is usually performed with specific human antisera. Blood type has wide practical value in the disciplines of anthropology, genetics, forensic medicine, clinical medicine and the like, so the method has important theoretical and practical significance for the research of blood type substances. Of the 30 recognized blood group systems of the international blood transfusion association, the two most important are the "ABO blood group system" and the "RH blood group system". The ABO blood group system is named mainly according to the different agglutinogens (i.e. blood group antigens, A, B, H three types) contained on the surface of erythrocytes. Identifying the antigen on the red blood cells of the subject using standard anti-A and anti-B sera (direct test); the antibodies in the serum of the subject were identified simultaneously with standard type A and type B erythrocytes (inversion test). Blood group substances also exist in the urine, and can be detected by related experimental methods. At present, the above-mentioned detection and analysis methods are not available in the medical field, and in view of the above-mentioned drawbacks, it is actually necessary to design a method for detecting and analyzing blood group substances in urine.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: provides a method for detecting and analyzing blood group substances in urine, which solves the problems in the background technology.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the method for detecting and analyzing blood group substances in urine comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting materials: selecting out-patient health examiners in hospital and patients with normal hospitalization and non-blood relation detected by urine routine for 132 patients, 69 men, 63 women and patients with age of 6-82 years, using reagents and instruments, and using anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibodies as products of Changchun biological product research institute of Ministry of health;

(2) collecting a specimen: urine does not contain salivary enzymes, so there is no need to inactivate salivary enzymes which can inactivate blood group substances as is the case with the detection of salivary substances. The standard operation rule of urine collection is formulated and executed, and the sample collection should be made of dry, clean and leak-proof disposable materials and does not react with urine. The volume is 50-100 ml, the round opening and the base seat are wide and can stand upright. A sealing device with a cover and easy opening and closing is selected from a biosafety angle (aerosol can be generated due to a urine specimen), and a special clean and soft polyethylene plastic bag is used for collecting urine of a child patient. Most preferably, the midstream urine is retained, and generally 5-10 ml is retained. The urine examination is not suitable for women during menstrual period; the urine is left for the first test in the morning, so that the urine is an ideal urine test specimen. Because the concentration of the components contained in the urine is more than that of the urine diluted by a large amount of drinking water in the daytime, the change of the detection result can be reflected more accurately;

(3) and (3) urine storage: the samples should be taken and inspected as soon as possible to avoid influence of cell metabolism and the like on inspection results, preservatives are added or refrigerated in a refrigerator when the urine is kept for a long time in hot weather, and 0.5ml of formalin preservative can be added into every 100ml of urine. When the urine is stored in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, the urine is protected from light and covered so as to prevent the urine from deteriorating to influence the test result, the storage time in the refrigerator is not more than 8 hours, and the urine is taken out of the refrigerator and recovered to the room temperature for detection;

(4) information acquisition: if the urine contains other components which affect the detection result, natural precipitation or centrifugation at 3000 rpm/min for 1 min is needed, and the components are discarded, so that serious bacteriuria specimen is not suitable for use. The influence of human factors on specimen collection is avoided, and if the clinical examination sheet is damaged and lost or the specimen is polluted, a doctor writes patient information or applies for an item which is not standard and cannot be easily identified, the specimen detection result is mistaken. The computer bar code comprises all information such as patient information, examination items and the like, the bar code is the unique identification code of all inpatients, the bar code is pasted on the urine specimen container for inspection, and specimen collection errors caused by human factors can be avoided. The understanding of the important role of the urine test result in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is improved for the nursing staff, the standard collection of the sample is beneficial to improving the diagnosis rate of the disease and reducing the misdiagnosis rate, so that the examination staff, the doctor and the nursing staff need to understand and communicate with each other and assist closely, the medical care coupling error is reduced, and the most important point is that the nursing staff has an important tie effect;

(5) detecting blood type substances in urine: taking 3 clean small test tubes, respectively marking anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB, respectively adding 100 mul of anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB typing serum with 1:16 dilution times to the bottom of the test tube by a dropper, respectively adding 100 mul of urine of a detected person by the dropper, mixing, standing for 15 minutes, respectively adding 1 drop of A, B and O type 3% reagent erythrocyte suspension by the dropper, uniformly mixing, and centrifuging for 15s at 3000 r/min. Gently shaking the test tube to float the erythrocyte settled at the bottom of the tube, mixing, observing with naked eye whether agglutination (hemolysis) occurs or not, if no agglutination occurs, pouring the reactant on a glass slide, and then inspecting with low power microscope for agglutination;

(6) quality control of blood type substances in urine: arranging nine groups of test tubes, an experimental group comprising three rows of test tubes, a negative control group comprising three rows of test tubes and a positive control group comprising three rows of test tubes, wherein each group comprises seven tubes, adding two drops of physiological saline into each tube, adding standard anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB serum into the first tube of the experimental group and the first tube of the control group respectively, diluting each row of standard serum from 1:2 to 1:128 step by step, adding 100 mu l of urine of a tested person into each tube of the experimental group, adding urine of a patient or a volunteer without blood type components to be tested into the negative control tube, adding urine of a patient or a volunteer with blood type components to be tested into the positive control tube, mixing, standing for 15 minutes, adding A, B and 50 mu l of O type 3% reagent red cell suspension respectively into a dropper, mixing uniformly, and centrifuging for 15s at 3000 r/min. The tube is gently shaken to float the red blood cells settled at the bottom of the tube, and the mixture is mixed, and the presence or absence of agglutination (hemolysis) is observed by naked eyes, if no agglutination is observed by naked eyes, the reactant is poured on a glass slide, and the presence or absence of agglutination is detected by a low power microscope. The dilution tubes of the experimental group and the control group are diluted to 1:64 and then the tubes are not agglutinated because the antigen-antibody ratio is not proper and the phenomenon of banding occurs; the negative control groups 1:8 and 1:32 have agglutination strength lower than 1:16 due to improper antigen-antibody ratio; within 2min, the test tubes containing corresponding blood type substances in 1:16 and 1:32 tubes in the experimental group have no agglutination, but the test tubes containing the corresponding blood type substances in 1:16 tubes have more stable results, 1: 2-1: 8 tubes are better agglutinated, and the 1:16 dilution tube is best for urine blood grouping in general view, for example, the 1:8 and 1:32 tubes can be additionally arranged to prevent the urine concentration or dilution from influencing the results;

(7) statistical analysis: the data analysis is carried out by adopting a sps 20.0 software, and the comparison among the present examples of the three groups of data samples adopts chi²And (6) checking. P>0.05 the difference was considered to be not statistically significant;

(8) and (3) analysis results: the experiment is competitive immunoreaction, blood group substances in the urine of a patient and standard red blood cells are competitively reacted with diluted standard serum, if the blood group substances are contained in the urine of the patient, the standard red blood cells are not reacted with the diluted standard serum, and visible agglutination reaction can not occur, and vice versa. If the anti-A tube is not agglutinated, the anti-B tube is agglutinated, and the anti-A tube is type A; if the anti-B tube is not agglutinated, the anti-A tube is agglutinated, namely B type; if the anti-B tube is not agglutinated, the anti-A tube is not agglutinated, and the anti-B tube is AB type; such as anti-A tube agglutination and anti-B tube agglutination, i.e. O type. And making table data of "comparison result of urine and blood type", wherein from experimental results, 43 cases of patients with type A blood detected type A substance in urine, 41 cases of patients with type B blood detected type B substance in urine, 39 cases of patients with type O blood detected type O substance in urine, and 9 cases of patients with type AB blood detected type AB substance in urine, and performing statistical analysisDegree of freedom of 6, χ²Value less than 0.68, P>0.05, no statistical difference exists between the two groups of results;

(9) quality control: blood and urine components of a donor can be collected at the same time to be used as a control group, and the detection results of the blood and urine components are completely consistent and qualified.

Compared with the prior art, the method for detecting and analyzing the blood group substances in the urine has the advantages that the difference between the substances of A type, B type or O type (also called H type substances) is determined by the difference of the terminal structures of sugar subunit parts, and for people of various blood types, the coexisting H gene gives out a command to synthesize an enzyme capable of converting a certain precursor substance into the H substance (H substance). In a human body having an A gene (B gene), substance H is changed to substance A (or substance B). However, the O-type gene does not alter the H-substance, and thus determines the antigen of O-type blood cells. It is known that type a comprises at least 20 subtypes, the vast majority being a1 and a2(> 99%), with the proportion of a1 exceeding 80%. The distribution of ABO phenotypes among the chinese population is: the A type generally accounts for 20-39%, the B type generally accounts for 20-38%, and the content of a very small number of people is less than 20%; type O is generally between 30% and 40%, but in most people in the areas of cantonese, guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, etc., the frequency of type O exceeds 40%; the AB type is generally 6-12%. According to our study, the percentage of blood group materials in urine and the percentage of blood group materials in blood are consistent.

The process of urine formation includes glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. When blood flows through the glomerulus, except blood cells and macromolecular proteins, other components in the blood, such as water, inorganic salts, glucose, urea, uric acid and the like, can be filtered into the renal capsule cavity from the glomerulus to form primary urine. When the primary urine flows through the renal tubules, substances useful to human body, such as most of water, all glucose, part of inorganic salts and the like, are sucked by the renal tubules again to recover blood, under normal conditions, although red blood cells can not be filtered through glomeruli, some blood type substances on red blood cell membranes can fall off along with aging degeneration red blood cells, and enter urine after being filtered through the glomeruli, so that blood type substances independent of blood cells appear in the urineThe secretion of blood group substances by the tubule cells is not surprising as it allows the blood group substances to be detected in the urine. Only the blood type substances in the urine are limited, and the urine can be detected after being diluted by tens of times. The accuracy of the blood group serology method is verified by the blood group gene scanning detection technology, the blood group gene detection can simply, conveniently and quickly identify the ABO blood group and the difficult blood group, is not influenced by autoantibodies, and does not need family analysis. The detection of the blood type substances in the urine can not be influenced by the hemolytic state, and the detection accuracy is improved^[8]. The detection of blood type substances in urine can also avoid the influence of cold agglutinin on experimental results. The detection of blood type substances in urine is of great significance to correct interpretation of the blood type of a patient and difficult blood type.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the inventive procedure;

FIG. 2 is a table of urine versus blood type comparison results.

Detailed Description

In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the concepts underlying the described embodiments. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art, that the described embodiments may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process steps have not been described in detail.

Examples

The method for detecting and analyzing blood type substances in urine described in this embodiment is completed according to the following procedure, wherein 132 patients who are normally hospitalized and have no relationship with blood are selected from outpatient health examiners in hospitals, 69 patients who are male, 63 patients who are female and are 6-82 years old, reagents and instruments are selected, anti-A and anti-B monoclonal antibodies are products of catharanthus roseus biological product research in the department of health, and urine does not contain salivary enzyme, so that the salivary enzyme which can deactivate blood type substances is not required to be inactivated like the detection of salivary substances. The standard operation rule of urine collection is formulated and executed, and the sample collection should be made of dry, clean and leak-proof disposable materials and does not react with urine. The volume is 50-100 ml, the round opening and the base seat are wide and can stand upright. To be provided withThe biological safety angle (aerosol can be produced because of urine specimen) should select the easy sealing device who opens and close of lid, uses special clean soft polyethylene plastic bag etc. to children's patient's urine collection. Most preferably, the midstream urine is retained, and generally 5-10 ml is retained. The urine examination is not suitable for women during menstrual period; the urine is left for the first test in the morning, so that the urine is an ideal urine test specimen. Because the concentration of the components contained in the urine is more than that of the urine diluted by a large amount of drinking water in the daytime, the change of the detection result can be reflected more accurately. The samples should be taken and inspected as soon as possible to avoid influence of cell metabolism and the like on inspection results, preservatives are added or refrigerated in a refrigerator when the urine is kept for a long time in hot weather, and 0.5ml of formalin preservative can be added into every 100ml of urine. And (4) during cold storage, protecting from light and covering to prevent urine from deteriorating to influence the test result, wherein the storage time in the refrigerator is not more than 8 hours, and the urine is taken out of the refrigerator and recovered to room temperature for detection. If the urine contains other components which affect the detection result, natural precipitation or centrifugation at 3000 rpm/min for 1 min is needed, and the components are discarded, so that serious bacteriuria specimen is not suitable for use. The influence of human factors on specimen collection is avoided, and if the clinical examination sheet is damaged and lost or the specimen is polluted, a doctor writes patient information or applies for an item which is not standard and cannot be easily identified, the specimen detection result is mistaken. The computer bar code comprises all information such as patient information, examination items and the like, the bar code is the unique identification code of all inpatients, the bar code is pasted on the urine specimen container for inspection, and specimen collection errors caused by human factors can be avoided. The understanding of the nursing staff on the important role of the urine test result in the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is improved, the standard sample collection is beneficial to improving the diagnosis rate of the disease and reducing the misdiagnosis rate, so that the examination staff, doctors and the nursing staff need to understand and communicate with each other and assist closely, the medical care coupling error is reduced, and the most important point is that the nursing staff has an important tie effect. Taking 3 clean small test tubes, respectively marking anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB, adding 100 μ l of anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB typing serum with dilution multiple of 1:16 respectively to the bottom of the test tube, and adding urine of the examinee respectively with a dropperMixing the solutions of 100 μ l, standing for 15 min, adding A, B and 1 drop of O-type 3% reagent erythrocyte suspension via dropper, mixing, and centrifuging at 3000r/min for 15 s. The tube is gently shaken to float the red blood cells settled at the bottom of the tube, and the mixture is mixed, and the presence or absence of agglutination (hemolysis) is observed by naked eyes, if no agglutination is observed by naked eyes, the reactant is poured on a glass slide, and the presence or absence of agglutination is detected by a low power microscope. Arranging nine groups of test tubes, an experimental group comprising three rows of test tubes, a negative control group comprising three rows of test tubes and a positive control group comprising three rows of test tubes, wherein each group comprises seven tubes, adding two drops of physiological saline into each tube, adding standard anti-A, anti-B and anti-AB serum into the first tube of the experimental group and the first tube of the control group respectively, diluting each row of standard serum from 1:2 to 1:128 step by step, adding 100 mu l of urine of a tested person into each tube of the experimental group, adding urine of a patient or a volunteer without blood type components to be tested into the negative control tube, adding urine of a patient or a volunteer with blood type components to be tested into the positive control tube, mixing, standing for 15 minutes, adding A, B and 50 mu l of O type 3% reagent red cell suspension respectively into a dropper, mixing uniformly, and centrifuging for 15s at 3000 r/min. The tube is gently shaken to float the red blood cells settled at the bottom of the tube, and the mixture is mixed, and the presence or absence of agglutination (hemolysis) is observed by naked eyes, if no agglutination is observed by naked eyes, the reactant is poured on a glass slide, and the presence or absence of agglutination is detected by a low power microscope. The dilution tubes of the experimental group and the control group are diluted to 1:64 and then the tubes are not agglutinated because the antigen-antibody ratio is not proper and the phenomenon of banding occurs; the negative control groups 1:8 and 1:32 have agglutination strength lower than 1:16 due to improper antigen-antibody ratio; within 2min, the test tubes containing the corresponding blood type substances in the test tubes 1:16 and 1:32 in the test group have no agglutination, but the test tubes 1:16 have more stable results, the tubes 1: 2-1: 8 are better agglutinated, and the urine blood grouping is best performed by using the dilution tube 1:16, for example, the tubes 1:8 and 1:32 can be additionally used for preventing the urine concentration or dilution from influencing the results. The data analysis is carried out by adopting a sps 20.0 software, and the comparison among the present examples of the three groups of data samples adopts chi²And (6) checking. P>0.05 the gap was considered to be statistically insignificant. The experiment is competitive immunoreaction, blood type substances in the urine of a patient and standard red blood cells are competitively reacted with diluted standard serum, if the blood type substances are contained in the urine of the patient, the standard red blood cells are not reacted with the diluted standard serum, and visible coagulation can not occurThe set reacts and vice versa. If the anti-A tube is not agglutinated, the anti-B tube is agglutinated, and the anti-A tube is type A; if the anti-B tube is not agglutinated, the anti-A tube is agglutinated, namely B type; if the anti-B tube is not agglutinated, the anti-A tube is not agglutinated, and the anti-B tube is AB type; such as anti-A tube agglutination and anti-B tube agglutination, i.e. O type. And making table data of 'comparison result of urine and blood type', wherein from experimental results, 43 cases of patients with type A blood have type A substances detected in urine, 41 cases of patients with type B blood have type B substances detected in urine, 39 cases of patients with type O blood have type O substances detected in urine, 9 cases of patients with type AB blood have type AB substances detected in urine, and statistical analysis shows that the degree of freedom is 6, and chi degree of freedom is²Value less than 0.68, P>0.05, there was no statistical difference between the two groups of results. Blood and urine components of a donor can be collected at the same time to be used as a control group, and the detection results of the blood and urine components are completely consistent and qualified.

The method for detecting and analyzing blood group substances in urine comprises the steps of determining the difference between A-type, B-type or O-type substances (also called H-type substances) according to the difference of terminal structures of sugar subunit parts, and sending a command by a coexisting H gene to synthesize an enzyme capable of converting a certain precursor substance into the H substance (H substance) for people of various blood types. In a human body having an A gene (B gene), substance H is changed to substance A (or substance B). However, the O-type gene does not alter the H-substance, and thus determines the antigen of O-type blood cells. It is known that type a comprises at least 20 subtypes, the vast majority being a1 and a2(> 99%), with the proportion of a1 exceeding 80%. The distribution of ABO phenotypes among the chinese population is: the A type generally accounts for 20-39%, the B type generally accounts for 20-38%, and the content of a very small number of people is less than 20%; type O is generally between 30% and 40%, but in most people in the areas of cantonese, guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, etc., the frequency of type O exceeds 40%; the AB type is generally 6-12%. According to our study, the percentage of blood group materials in urine and the percentage of blood group materials in blood are consistent.

The process of urine formation includes glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. When blood flows through the glomerulus, except blood cells and macromolecular proteins, other components in the blood, such as water, inorganic salts, glucose, urea, uric acid and the like, can be filtered into the renal capsule cavity from the glomerulus to form primary urine. When the primary urine flows through the renal tubules, substances useful to human bodies, such as most of water, all glucose, part of inorganic salts and the like, are sucked by the renal tubules again to recover blood, under normal conditions, although red blood cells cannot be filtered through glomeruli, some blood group substances on red blood cell membranes can fall off along with aging degeneration red blood cells, and enter the urine after being filtered through the glomeruli, so that the blood group substances independent of blood cells appear in the urine, and in addition, the secretion effect of the renal tubule cells on the blood group substances does not make sense of the fact that the blood group substances can be detected in the urine. Only the blood type substances in the urine are limited, and the urine can be detected after being diluted by tens of times. The accuracy of the blood group serology method is verified by the blood group gene scanning detection technology, the blood group gene detection can simply, conveniently and quickly identify the ABO blood group and the difficult blood group, is not influenced by autoantibodies, and does not need family analysis. The detection of the blood type substances in the urine can not be influenced by the hemolytic state, and the detection accuracy is improved. The detection of blood type substances in urine can also avoid the influence of cold agglutinin on experimental results. The detection of blood type substances in urine is of great significance to correct interpretation of the blood type of a patient and difficult blood type.

The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art will be able to make various modifications without creative efforts from the above-described conception, and fall within the scope of the present invention.