阅读说明：本技术 一种对置气门直流扫气式发动机 (Opposed valve direct-current scavenging engine ) 是由 耿光 于 2021-10-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种对置气门直流扫气式发动机,让二冲程和四冲程两种冲程使用相同的整体结构,共用完整的各个系统。此发动机即具有现有二冲程的功率输出、活塞不受侧向力的优点,又具有四冲程的润滑和冷却方式,而缸套周向不开通孔则方便了制造、安装和维护,在成本、功率和环保上选取了最优化方案。(The invention provides an opposed valve direct-current scavenging engine, which enables two strokes and four strokes to use the same integral structure and share each complete system. The engine has the advantages of existing two-stroke power output and no lateral force on the piston, and has a four-stroke lubricating and cooling mode, and the cylinder sleeve is not provided with through holes in the circumferential direction, so that the engine is convenient to manufacture, install and maintain, and an optimal scheme is selected in the aspects of cost, power and environmental protection.)

1. An opposed valve direct-flow scavenging engine is characterized by comprising a cylinder sleeve (1), a piston (2), a guide rod (3), an inlet valve (4), an exhaust valve (5), a camshaft (6) and a top block (7),

the cylinder liner (1) forms a combustion chamber (8) inside,

the piston (2) slides in the cylinder sleeve (1),

the guide rod (3) is connected with the piston (2),

the exhaust valve (5) is arranged in a cylinder head (9),

the inlet valve (4) being arranged in the piston (2),

the camshaft (6) controls the opening and closing of the exhaust valve (5),

the ejector block (7) controls the opening and closing of the intake valve (4).

2. An opposed valve uniflow scavenged engine as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that the guide rod (3), the inlet valve (4) and the piston (2) slide vertically together in the cylinder liner (1).

3. An opposed valve uniflow scavenged engine as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that said camshaft (6) has two types of cams, and the frequency with which said camshaft (6) controls the opening and closing of said exhaust valves (5) is variable in relation to the engine crankshaft speed.

4. An opposed valve uniflow scavenged engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the frequency with which the top block (7) controls the opening and closing of the inlet valve (4) is variable for engine crankshaft speed; the state of the top block (7) is determined by the crankshaft and/or by the guide rod (3).

5. An opposed valve uniflow scavenged engine as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the size of the opening of the inlet valve (4) controlled by the top block (7) can be varied.

6. An opposed valve uniflow scavenged engine as claimed in claims 1, 3 and 4, wherein the engine is switchable between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine.

7. An opposed valve uniflow scavenged engine as set forth in claims 1, 4 and 5, characterized in that said top block (7) has a high fixed state, a low fixed state and a high-low repeated state, a thimble (7-1) is provided in the middle of said top block (7), and the heights of the three states of the top block (7) can be changed by adjusting said thimble (7-1).

8. An opposed valve uniflow scavenged engine as set forth in claim 1, characterized in that an intake spring (3-1) for controlling the opening and closing of the intake valve (4) and an intake passage (3-2) for introducing air into the combustion chamber (8) are provided at the bottom of the guide rod (3).

Technical Field

The invention relates to an opposed valve uniflow scavenging engine.

Background

Four strokes of the existing four-stroke engine are sequentially and independently completed in the working process, the piston needs to reciprocate twice every time the engine works, namely, the crankshaft connected with the piston connecting rod needs to rotate for two circles when the engine works for one time, wherein one circle consumes energy completely.

The two-stroke principle is less applied in the automobile (including engineering machinery) industry and is widely applied to large-scale low-speed marine diesel engines. The main reason is that the rotating speed of the marine diesel engine is low, and the two-stroke cycle is beneficial to the diesel engine to exert the maximum power performance and economic performance and can not cause that the service life of parts is reduced because of too high heat load. And because the crosshead is arranged, the piston is free from lateral force, the service life is long and the service life is durable, thereby integrally improving the practicability and reliability of the marine two-stroke diesel engine.

However, the crankcase of the common two-stroke engine has no lubricating oil, the engine oil is required to be added when the engine oil is filled, the engine oil and the gasoline are sucked into the crankcase when the engine oil is in operation, and the engine is lubricated by the engine oil particles, so the common two-stroke engine has the property of self-carrying engine oil burning.

In summary, four-stroke engines are more widely used, most automobiles and engineering machinery carry four-stroke engines, and two-stroke engines are more widely used in occasions where the four-stroke engines are not frequently used and the thrust-weight ratio is important.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to retain the advantages of the prior art and overcome the disadvantages of the prior art, the invention provides an opposed valve uniflow scavenging engine, wherein two strokes and four strokes use the same integral structure and share the whole systems. The engine has the advantages of existing two-stroke power output and no lateral force on the piston, and has a four-stroke lubricating and cooling mode, and the cylinder sleeve is not provided with through holes in the circumferential direction, so that the engine is convenient to manufacture, install and maintain, and an optimal scheme is selected in the aspects of cost, power and environmental protection.

In order to solve the problems, the invention relates to an opposed-valve direct-flow scavenging engine which comprises a cylinder sleeve (1), a piston (2), a guide rod (3), an inlet valve (4), an exhaust valve (5), a cam shaft (6) and a top block (7), wherein a combustion chamber (8) is formed in the cylinder sleeve (1). The piston (2) slides in the cylinder sleeve (1), the guide rod (3) is connected with the piston (2), the exhaust valve (5) is arranged in the cylinder head (9), the intake valve (4) is arranged in the piston (2), the camshaft (6) controls the opening and closing of the exhaust valve (5), and the top block (7) controls the opening and closing of the intake valve (4).

Further, the guide rod (3), the intake valve (4) and the piston (2) slide together vertically in the cylinder sleeve (1).

Further, the camshaft (6) has two kinds of cams, and the frequency of the camshaft (6) controlling the opening and closing of the exhaust valve (5) is variable with respect to the engine crankshaft speed.

Further, the frequency of the top block (7) for controlling the opening and closing of the air inlet valve (4) can be changed according to the rotating speed of a crankshaft of the engine; the state of the top block (7) is determined by the crankshaft and/or by the guide rod (3).

Further, the size of the opening of the intake valve (4) controlled by the top block (7) may be varied.

Further, the engine may be switched between a two-stroke engine and a four-stroke engine.

Furthermore, the ejector block (7) has a high fixed state, a low fixed state and a high-low repeated state, an ejector pin (7-1) is arranged in the middle of the ejector block (7), and the heights of the three states of the ejector block (7) can be changed by adjusting the ejector pin (7-1).

Further, an air inlet spring (3-1) for controlling the opening and closing of the air inlet valve (4) and an air inlet channel (3-2) for introducing air into the combustion chamber (8) are arranged at the bottom of the guide rod (3).

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a simple schematic of a single cylinder of the present invention, without showing the crankshaft on the side of the guide rod (3), the injector and the spark plug in the cylinder head.

Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the guide bar action of the present invention.

The cylinder sleeve (1), the piston (2), the guide rod (3), the air inlet spring (3-1), the air inlet channel (3-2), the air inlet valve (4), the exhaust valve (5), the camshaft (6), the ejector block (7), the ejector pin (7-1), the combustion chamber (8) and the cylinder head (9).

Detailed Description

An opposed valve direct-current scavenging engine comprises a cylinder sleeve (1), a piston (2), a guide rod (3), an air inlet spring (3-1), an air inlet channel (3-2), an air inlet valve (4), an exhaust valve (5), a camshaft (6), a top block (7), a thimble (7-1), a combustion chamber (8) and a cylinder head (9).

The piston (2) drives a crankshaft placed on one side of the guide rod (3) or two crankshafts placed on both sides of the guide rod (3) through the guide rod (3), the crosshead and the connecting rod.

An exhaust valve (5) is arranged in a cylinder head (9) and an intake valve (4) is arranged in the piston (2).

The guide rod (3), the intake valve (4) and the piston (2) slide together in the cylinder sleeve (1) vertically, and the guide rod (3) replaces the piston (2) to bear lateral pressure.

The guide rod (3) is of an 'h' shape, an air inlet spring (3-1) for controlling the opening and closing of the air inlet valve (4) is arranged at the bottom of the guide rod (3), and the other end of the guide rod is used as an air inlet channel (3-2) for introducing air into the combustion chamber (8).

The camshaft (6) has two cams, and the camshaft (6) can switch the cams to open and close the exhaust valve (5). The camshaft (6) can be provided with one shaft or two shafts, and an associated gear and cam can also be arranged on the side of one camshaft (6). The camshaft (6) can be changed as a whole, or part of the cams can be changed.

The state of the top block (7) can be related to the rotation of the crankshaft, and the state of the top block (7) is correspondingly changed every time the crankshaft rotates for a certain angle. Or the state of the top block (7) is related to the guide rod (3) and the air inlet spring (3-1), and the state of the top block (7) is changed by each action of the guide rod (3).

The thimble (7-1) is controlled by external power, and the action mode can be direct lifting or rotary lifting. The control mode can be hydraulic control or electromagnetic valve control.

Embodiment 1 is a four-stroke engine, which is implemented by: in an opposed-valve uniflow scavenging engine, the engine performs 4 consecutive strokes of intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust in sequence, and the camshaft (6) makes one revolution, and the intake valve (4) and the exhaust valve (5) are opened once each, when the crankshaft makes two revolutions.

In the intake stroke, the piston (2) moves downwards to drive the guide rod (3) and the intake valve (4) to move downwards, the intake spring (3-1) impacts the ejector pin (7-1) to open the intake valve (4), and air enters the cylinder sleeve (1) along the intake channel (3-2). At this time, the top block (7) is in a high state of high-low repeated states, and the exhaust valve (5) is in a closed state.

In a compression stroke, the guide rod (3) moves upwards, the air inlet spring (3-1) in the guide rod (3) is separated from the ejector pin (7-1), the air inlet valve (4) is closed, and the piston (2) upwards compresses air in the cylinder sleeve (1). At this time, the top block (7) is in a low state of high-low repeated states, and the exhaust valve (5) is in a closed state.

In the combustion stroke, the piston (2) moves downwards, the air inlet spring (3-1) does not impact the thimble (7-1), and the air inlet valve (4) does not open. At this time, the top block (7) is in a low state of high-low repeated states, and the intake valve (4) and the exhaust valve (5) are in a closed state.

In the exhaust stroke, the camshaft (6) opens the exhaust valve (5) at a predetermined timing to discharge combustion exhaust gas generated in the cylinder liner (1), and the exhaust gas passes through the supercharger and is discharged to the outside. At this time, the top block (7) is in a low state among the high-low repeated states, and the intake valve (4) is in a closed state.

In the present embodiment, the state of the top block (7) corresponding to one stroke of the piston (2) can be changed.

When the ejector block (7) is in a low fixed state, the air inlet spring (3-1) cannot impact the ejector pin (7-1), the air inlet valve (4) cannot be opened, the engine stops injecting oil and air inlet, and the cylinder sleeve (1) enters a cylinder closing state.

When the top block (7) is in a low fixed state and the thimble (7-1) is turned up to change the low state of the top block (7), a small amount of air and fuel are combusted.

When the ejector pin (7-1) is adjusted up when the ejector block (7) is in a high state, the air inlet duration can be changed, or the air inlet amount can be reduced when the ejector pin (7-1) is adjusted down.

Embodiment 2 is a two-stroke engine, and the structure thereof is not changed from embodiment 1. The ejector block (7) is locked at a high fixed position, the cam shaft (6) or a cam on the cam shaft (6) is pushed to change the control of the exhaust valve (5), and the engine enters the embodiment 2 from the embodiment 1.

The implementation mode is as follows: in the opposed-valve uniflow scavenging engine, the engine completes two actions from the top dead center to the bottom dead center according to the piston, and the piston completes two actions from the bottom dead center to the top dead center. When the crankshaft rotates one circle, the camshaft (6) rotates one circle, and the intake valve (4) and the exhaust valve (5) are opened once respectively.

In the stage that the piston goes from the top dead center to the bottom dead center, the engine ignites to do work, the piston (2) moves downwards, the exhaust valve (5) is opened by the camshaft (6) according to a set time, the combustion waste gas generated in the cylinder sleeve (1) is discharged, the piston (2) continues to move downwards, the air inlet spring (3-1) impacts the ejector pin (7-1) to open the air inlet valve (4), air enters the cylinder sleeve (1) along the air inlet channel (3-2), and the exhaust valve (5) is closed by the camshaft (6) according to a set time.

At the beginning stage of the piston from the lower dead point to the upper dead point, the piston (2) moves upwards, an air inlet spring (3-1) in the guide rod (3) is separated from the ejector pin (7-1), the air inlet valve (4) is closed, the piston (2) upwards compresses air entering the cylinder sleeve (1), and the engine is subjected to oil injection and ignition.

Embodiment 3 is a two-stroke and four-stroke combined engine, with some cylinders operating according to embodiment 1 and some cylinders operating according to embodiment 2.

In the present invention, the attached drawings are only schematic, and any technical solutions meeting the written description of the present application belong to the protection scope of the present application, for example: an air inlet hole is formed in the cylinder sleeve, and higher-pressure air is introduced into the piston; or the air inlet channel and the air inlet valve are vertically integrated into a 'x' shape, a 'y' shape and the like of two air inlet valves. The terms 'time', 'middle', 'at' and the like in the present invention are only for convenience of understanding and do not limit the time and the state. The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and many modifications can be derived or suggested according to the known technology in the field and the technical scheme disclosed by the present invention, and all of the modifications should be considered as the protection scope of the present invention.