Boiler system for incinerating garbage and thermal efficiency measuring method
阅读说明：本技术 一种焚烧垃圾的锅炉系统及热效率测量方法 (Boiler system for incinerating garbage and thermal efficiency measuring method ) 是由 吴万范 马启磊 潘存华 于 2021-09-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种焚烧垃圾的锅炉系统,包括炉膛,炉膛内设置蒸发器,炉膛烟道内分别设置省煤器和过热器利用烟气余热,并在各进水、出水、蒸汽管道上设置传感器分别检测质量流量、压力、温度等参数；通过锅炉系统的输出热量和各部分损失热量计算热效率,不依赖进料热值,实现对整个锅炉系统热效率的精确计算,为节能减排工作提供准确的指标。(The invention provides a boiler system for incinerating garbage, which comprises a hearth, wherein an evaporator is arranged in the hearth, a coal economizer and a superheater are respectively arranged in a flue of the hearth for utilizing the waste heat of flue gas, and sensors are arranged on water inlet pipelines, water outlet pipelines and steam pipelines for respectively detecting parameters such as mass flow, pressure, temperature and the like; the thermal efficiency is calculated through the output heat of the boiler system and the heat loss of each part, the accurate calculation of the thermal efficiency of the whole boiler system is realized without depending on the heat value of feeding, and accurate indexes are provided for energy conservation and emission reduction work.)
1. A boiler system for burning garbage is characterized in that: the boiler comprises a hearth, wherein a feed inlet is formed in one side of the hearth, an evaporator is arranged in the hearth, a water inlet of the evaporator is connected with an economizer, and the economizer is communicated with a water supply pipeline; the water outlet of the evaporator is connected with a steam pocket, the steam pocket is respectively connected with a sewage pipe, a steam pocket steam pipe and a superheater, and the outlet of the superheater is connected with a superheated steam pipe; the superheater and the economizer are both positioned in a flue of the boiler, and the economizer is close to an outlet of the flue relative to the superheater;
the water supply pipeline is provided with a water supply mass flow sensor, a water supply pressure sensor and a water supply temperature sensor; the superheated steam pipe is provided with a superheated steam mass flow sensor, a superheated steam pressure sensor and a superheated steam temperature sensor; a steam extraction mass flow sensor, a steam extraction pressure sensor and a steam extraction temperature sensor are arranged on the steam drum steam pipe; be provided with sewage mass flow sensor on the sewage pipe, be provided with steam pocket pressure sensor on the steam pocket, flue outlet position is provided with flue gas standard volume mass flow sensor, flue gas temperature sensor, flue gas oxygen content sensor, flue gas carbon dioxide sensor, flue gas humidity transducer.
2. A waste incineration boiler system according to claim 1, wherein: a grid plate is obliquely arranged below the hearth, and a feeding port is formed in the higher end of the grid plate.
3. A waste incineration boiler system according to claim 2, wherein: slag is stored below the grid plate.
4. A waste incineration boiler system according to claim 1, wherein: and the ash flying groove is arranged in the flue and is arranged below the circulation path of the flue.
5. A waste incineration boiler system according to claim 4, wherein: the plurality of fly ash grooves are arranged along the flow path of the flue.
6. The method for measuring thermal efficiency of a boiler system for incinerating refuse according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: comprises the steps of (a) preparing a mixture of a plurality of raw materials,
s1: calculating the output heat of the superheated steam, the output heat of the steam extraction of the steam drum and the output heat of the sewage water according to the data collected in the sewage pipe, the steam pipe of the steam drum and the superheated steam pipe;
s2: calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of wet flue gas at the outlet of the flue;
s3: calculating the heat loss of the exhaust smoke of the boiler system according to the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the wet flue gas, the standard volume mass flow of the wet flue gas and the temperature of the wet flue gas;
s4: calculating the incomplete combustion heat loss of the gas of the boiler system according to the standard volume mass flow of the wet flue gas, the volume fraction of the steam in the wet flue gas and the volume fraction of the carbon monoxide in the dry flue gas;
s5: calculating the heat loss of the fly ash according to the mass flow of the fly ash, the combustible content of the fly ash and the temperature of the fly ash;
s6: calculating the heat loss of the slag according to the mass flow of the slag, the combustible content of the slag and the temperature of the slag;
s7: and calculating the thermal efficiency of the boiler by taking the sum of each output heat quantity of the boiler and each heat loss as total heat quantity and taking the sum of the output heat quantities as effective heat quantity.
7. The method of claim 6, wherein the thermal efficiency of the waste incineration boiler system is measured by: the superheated steam outputs heat QgrSteam extraction output heat Q of steam drumcqAnd the output heat Q of the sewagepwThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Qgr＝mgr(hgr-hgs)
Qcq＝mcq(hcq-hgs)
Qpw＝mpw(hpw-hgs)
wherein m isgrMass flow of superheated steam, h, measured for a superheated steam mass flow sensorgrThe superheated steam pressure p measured by the superheated steam pressure sensor is the specific enthalpy of the superheated steamgrAnd the temperature t of the superheated steam measured by the superheated steam temperature sensorgrCalculating to obtain; h isgsSpecific enthalpy of feed water, by feed water pressure pgsAnd the temperature t of the feed watergsCalculating to obtain; m iscqIs the mass flow h of extracted steamcqSpecific enthalpy of drum extraction, passing drum extraction pressure pcqAnd temperature t of extractioncqCalculating to obtain; m ispwIs the mass flow of the sewage, hpwIs specific enthalpy of sewage, passing through steam drum pressure ppwAnd saturated steam temperature t at that pressurepwAnd (4) calculating.
8. The method of measuring thermal efficiency of a boiler system for incinerating refuse according to claim 7, wherein: the method for calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the wet flue gas at the outlet of the flue comprises the following steps:
calculating the volume fraction of nitrogen in the dry flue gas
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the volume fraction of oxygen in the smoke of the rod, namely the value of the oxygen-oxygen sensor,the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide in the dry flue gas is the numerical value of the carbon dioxide sensor;
calculating the specific heat capacity C of the dry flue gas at constant pressuregy(kJ/(m3·K))，
Wherein, tpyThe smoke temperature is the value of the smoke temperature sensor;
calculating the constant pressure specific heat capacity C of wet flue gas at the outlet of the fluepy(kJ/(m3·K))，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the smoke humidity, namely the value of the smoke humidity sensor.
9. The method of measuring thermal efficiency of a boiler system for incinerating refuse according to claim 8, wherein: the heat loss of the exhaust smoke is that,
Qpy＝vpy*Cpy*(tpy-25)
wherein v ispyIs the standard volume flow of the wet flue gas, i.e. the value of the standard volume mass flow sensor of the flue gas, tpyIs the flue gas temperature;
the heat loss due to incomplete combustion of the gas is,
the heat loss of the fly ash is as follows,
wherein m isfhIs the mass flow of fly ash, tfhIs the temperature of fly ash, ufhIs the combustible content of the fly ash;
the heat loss of the slag is that,
wherein m islzIs the mass flow of slag, tlzThe slag temperature is the combustible content in the slag.
10. The method of measuring thermal efficiency of a boiler system for incinerating refuse according to claim 9, wherein: the thermal efficiency of the boiler is
Qss＝Qpy+Qqt+Qfh+Qlz+Qsr
Qyy＝Qgr+Qcq+Qpw
Wherein Q issrThe heat loss is the design value of the boiler.
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of waste incineration treatment, in particular to a boiler system for incinerating waste and a thermal efficiency measuring method.
Background
The harmless treatment of garbage is more and more emphasized, at present, a mode for generating power or heating by burning exists, a high-parameter garbage burning boiler with reheating, which is disclosed by the utility model with the publication number of CN205825033U, is utilized, but for a boiler system using fuel, the improvement of the thermal efficiency is the most important target, for the traditional boiler thermal efficiency, methods for measuring and calculating the boiler thermal efficiency are mainly divided into two types, one type is that the boiler thermal efficiency is calculated by adopting an input-output heat method, the other type is that the boiler thermal efficiency is calculated by adopting a heat loss method, the two methods are also called a positive balance method and a reverse balance method, but the two methods inevitably need to detect the thermal value of the fuel entering the boiler. For a common boiler, the fuel type and the heat value are stable, and the thermal efficiency of the boiler measured and calculated by the two methods is relatively accurate. Under the condition of burning the garbage, due to the influences of garbage classification, collection and the like, the randomness of the garbage types is very large, the heat value of the garbage is extremely unstable, the heat efficiency of a boiler is difficult to calculate, and the promotion of energy conservation and emission reduction of a garbage power station is seriously influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a waste incineration boiler system which is convenient for calculating the thermal efficiency of a boiler and a thermal efficiency measuring method of the boiler system.
The invention solves the technical problems through the following technical scheme: a boiler system for incinerating garbage comprises a hearth, wherein a feed inlet is formed in one side of the hearth, an evaporator is arranged in the hearth, a water inlet of the evaporator is connected with an economizer, and the economizer is communicated with a water supply pipeline; the water outlet of the evaporator is connected with a steam pocket, the steam pocket is respectively connected with a sewage pipe, a steam pocket steam pipe and a superheater, and the outlet of the superheater is connected with a superheated steam pipe; the superheater and the economizer are both positioned in a flue of the boiler, and the economizer is close to an outlet of the flue relative to the superheater;
the water supply pipeline is provided with a water supply mass flow sensor, a water supply pressure sensor and a water supply temperature sensor; the superheated steam pipe is provided with a superheated steam mass flow sensor, a superheated steam pressure sensor and a superheated steam temperature sensor; a steam extraction mass flow sensor, a steam extraction pressure sensor and a steam extraction temperature sensor are arranged on the steam drum steam pipe; be provided with sewage mass flow sensor on the sewage pipe, be provided with steam pocket pressure sensor on the steam pocket, flue outlet position is provided with flue gas standard volume mass flow sensor, flue gas temperature sensor, flue gas oxygen content sensor, flue gas carbon dioxide sensor, flue gas humidity transducer.
The boiler system provided by the invention heats inlet water by utilizing heat generated by garbage combustion, realizes utilization of garbage heat, improves the utilization rate of flue gas temperature through the superheater and the economizer so as to improve the thermal efficiency of the boiler, distributes heated steam through the steam pocket so as to realize efficient reasonable utilization, and can conveniently realize calculation of output heat and heat loss of the whole system through the sensors arranged at all positions, thereby realizing accurate calculation of the thermal efficiency of the whole boiler system and providing accurate indexes for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Preferably, a grid plate is obliquely arranged below the hearth, and a feeding port is formed in the higher end of the grid plate.
Preferably, slag is stored below the grid.
Preferably, an ash chute is arranged in the flue, and the ash chute is arranged below the flow path of the flue.
Preferably, the plurality of fly ash chutes are arranged in line along a flow path of the flue.
The invention also discloses a thermal efficiency measuring method of the boiler system for incinerating the garbage, which comprises the following steps,
s1: calculating the output heat of the superheated steam, the output heat of the steam extraction of the steam drum and the output heat of the sewage water according to the data collected in the sewage pipe, the steam pipe of the steam drum and the superheated steam pipe;
s2: calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of wet flue gas at the outlet of the flue;
s3: calculating the heat loss of the exhaust smoke of the boiler system according to the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the wet flue gas, the standard volume mass flow of the wet flue gas and the temperature of the wet flue gas;
s4: calculating the incomplete combustion heat loss of the gas of the boiler system according to the standard volume mass flow of the wet flue gas, the volume fraction of the steam in the wet flue gas and the volume fraction of the carbon monoxide in the dry flue gas;
s5: calculating the heat loss of the fly ash according to the mass flow of the fly ash, the combustible content of the fly ash and the temperature of the fly ash;
s6: calculating the heat loss of the slag according to the mass flow of the slag, the combustible content of the slag and the temperature of the slag;
s7: and calculating the thermal efficiency of the boiler by taking the sum of each output heat quantity of the boiler and each heat loss as total heat quantity and taking the sum of the output heat quantities as effective heat quantity.
Preferably, the superheated steam outputs heat QgrSteam extraction output heat Q of steam drumcqAnd the output heat Q of the sewagepwThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Qgr＝mgr(hgr-hgs)
Qcq＝mcq(hcq-hgs)
Qpw＝mpw(hpw-hgs)
wherein m isgrMass flow of superheated steam, h, measured for a superheated steam mass flow sensorgrThe superheated steam pressure p measured by the superheated steam pressure sensor is the specific enthalpy of the superheated steamgrAnd the temperature t of the superheated steam measured by the superheated steam temperature sensorgrCalculating to obtain; h isgsSpecific enthalpy of feed water, by feed water pressure pgsAnd the temperature t of the feed watergsCalculating to obtain; m iscqIs the mass flow h of extracted steamcqSpecific enthalpy of drum extraction, passing drum extraction pressure pcqAnd temperature t of extractioncqCalculating to obtain; m ispwIs the mass flow of the sewage, hpwIs specific enthalpy of sewage, passing through steam drum pressure ppwAnd saturated steam temperature t at that pressurepwAnd (4) calculating.
Preferably, the method for calculating the constant pressure specific heat capacity of the wet flue gas at the outlet of the flue comprises the following steps:
calculating the volume fraction of nitrogen in the dry flue gas
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the volume fraction of oxygen in the smoke of the rod, namely the value of the oxygen-oxygen sensor,the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide in the dry flue gas is the numerical value of the carbon dioxide sensor;
calculating the specific heat capacity C of the dry flue gas at constant pressuregy(kJ/(m3·K))，
Wherein, tpyThe smoke temperature is the value of the smoke temperature sensor;
calculating the constant pressure specific heat capacity C of wet flue gas at the outlet of the fluepy(kJ/(m3·K))，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the smoke humidity, namely the value of the smoke humidity sensor.
Preferably, the heat loss of the exhaust gas is,
Qpy＝vpy*Cpy*(tpy-25)
wherein v ispyIs the standard volume flow of the wet flue gas, i.e. the value of the standard volume mass flow sensor of the flue gas, tpyIs the flue gas temperature;
the heat loss due to incomplete combustion of the gas is,
the heat loss of the fly ash is as follows,
wherein m isfhIs the mass flow of fly ash, tfhIs the temperature of fly ash, ufhIs the combustible content of the fly ash;
the heat loss of the slag is that,
wherein m islzIs the mass flow of slag, tlzThe slag temperature is the combustible content in the slag.
Preferably, the boiler has a thermal efficiency of
Qss＝Qpy+Qqt+Qfh+Qlz+Qsr
Qyy＝Qgr+Qcq+Qpw
Wherein Q issrThe heat loss is the design value of the boiler.
The boiler system for incinerating garbage and the thermal efficiency measuring method provided by the invention have the advantages that: the boiler system heats inlet water by utilizing heat generated by garbage combustion, the heat of the garbage is utilized, the utilization rate of flue gas temperature is improved by the superheater and the economizer, the thermal efficiency of the boiler is improved, steam after heating is distributed by the steam pocket, efficient reasonable utilization is realized, and the output heat and the heat loss of the whole system can be calculated by conveniently realizing the sensors arranged at all positions, so that the accurate calculation of the thermal efficiency of the whole boiler system is realized, and accurate indexes are provided for energy conservation and emission reduction work.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a waste incineration boiler system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
To make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the technical solutions of the present invention are described below in detail and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a boiler system for incinerating waste, which includes a furnace 1, an evaporator 2 is disposed in the furnace 1, a water inlet of the evaporator 2 is connected with an economizer 3, the economizer 3 is communicated with a water supply pipe 4, a water outlet of the evaporator 2 is connected with a steam drum 5, the steam drum 5 is respectively connected with a sewage pipe 6, a steam drum steam pipe 7 and a superheater 8, an outlet of the superheater 8 is connected with a superheated steam pipe 9, the superheater 8 and the economizer 3 are both disposed in a flue 11 of a boiler, and the economizer 3 is close to an outlet of the flue 11 relative to the superheater 8;
in order to measure data conveniently, a water supply mass flow sensor, a water supply pressure sensor and a water supply temperature sensor are arranged on the water supply pipeline 4; a superheated steam mass flow sensor, a superheated steam pressure sensor and a superheated steam temperature sensor are arranged on the superheated steam pipe 9; a steam extraction mass flow sensor, a steam extraction pressure sensor and a steam extraction temperature sensor are arranged on the steam drum 7; be provided with sewage mass flow sensor on the sewage pipe 6, be provided with steam pocket pressure sensor on the steam pocket 5, 11 exit position in flue are provided with flue gas standard volume mass flow sensor, flue gas temperature sensor, flue gas oxygen content sensor, flue gas carbon dioxide sensor, flue gas humidity transducer.
The boiler system that this embodiment provided utilizes the heat heating intake of rubbish burning, realize the thermal utilization of rubbish, and improve the utilization ratio of flue gas temperature through over heater 9 and economizer 3, in order to improve boiler thermal efficiency, steam after the distribution heating through steam pocket 5, realize efficient rationalization and utilize, and the convenient realization of accessible at each position sensor is to the calculation of whole system output heat and heat loss, realize the accurate calculation to whole boiler system thermal efficiency from this, provide accurate index for energy saving and emission reduction work.
A grid plate 12 is obliquely arranged below the hearth 1, a feeding port 13 is arranged above the higher end of the grid plate 12, materials to be combusted fall onto the grid plate 12 from the feeding port 13 and then slide into the hearth 1 along the grid plate 12 to be combusted, and a space for storing slag is arranged below the grid plate 12.
The flue 11 is also internally provided with an ash chute 14, and the ash chute 14 is arranged below the flow path of the flue 11, so that the fly ash naturally settles into the ash chute 14 under the action of gravity and cannot easily flow out along with the flue gas; in this embodiment, the plurality of ash chutes 14 are continuously arranged in the flow path of the flue 11.
The embodiment also provides a thermal efficiency measuring method of the waste incineration boiler system, which comprises the following steps,
s1: calculating the output heat of the superheated steam, the output heat of the steam extraction of the steam drum and the output heat of the sewage water according to the data collected in the sewage pipe, the steam pipe of the steam drum and the superheated steam pipe;
the superheated steam outputs heat QgrSteam extraction output heat Q of steam drumcqAnd the output heat Q of the sewagepwThe calculation method comprises the following steps:
Qgr＝mgr(hgr-hgs)
Qcq＝mcq(hcq-hgs)
Qpw＝mpw(hpw-hgs)
wherein m isgrIs the superheated steam mass flow, i.e. the value of the superheated steam mass flow sensor, hgrThe superheated steam pressure p measured by the superheated steam pressure sensor is the specific enthalpy of the superheated steamgrAnd the temperature t of the superheated steam measured by the superheated steam temperature sensorgrCalculating to obtain; h isgsSpecific enthalpy of feed water, by feed water pressure pgsAnd the temperature t of the feed watergsCalculating to obtain; m iscqIs the mass flow h of extracted steamcqSpecific enthalpy of drum extraction, passing drum extraction pressure pcqAnd temperature t of extractioncqCalculating to obtain; m ispwIs the mass flow of the sewage, hpwIs specific enthalpy of sewage, passing through steam drum pressure ppwAnd saturated steam temperature t at that pressurepwAnd (4) calculating. The above specific enthalpy values can be obtained by calculating the standard IAPWS-IF97 through the water and steam properties, and the specific calculation process is not described in detail in this embodiment.
S2: calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of wet flue gas at the outlet of the flue;
the method for calculating the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the wet flue gas at the outlet of the flue comprises the following steps:
computingVolume fraction of nitrogen in dry flue gas
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,the volume fraction of oxygen in the smoke of the rod, namely the value of the oxygen-oxygen sensor,the volume fraction of the carbon dioxide in the dry flue gas is the numerical value of the carbon dioxide sensor;
calculating the specific heat capacity C of the dry flue gas at constant pressuregy(kJ/(m3·K))，
Wherein, tpyThe smoke temperature is the value of the smoke temperature sensor;
calculating the constant pressure specific heat capacity C of wet flue gas at the outlet of the fluepy(kJ/(m3·K))，
Wherein the content of the first and second substances,is the smoke humidity, namely the value of the smoke humidity sensor.
S3: calculating the heat loss of the exhaust smoke of the boiler system according to the constant-pressure specific heat capacity of the wet flue gas, the standard volume mass flow of the wet flue gas and the temperature of the wet flue gas; the formula is as follows,
Qpy＝vpy*Cpy*(tpy-25)
wherein v ispyIs the standard volume flow of the wet flue gas, i.e. the value of the standard volume mass flow sensor of the flue gas, tpyIs the flue gas temperature;
s4: calculating the incomplete combustion heat loss of the gas of the boiler system according to the standard volume mass flow of the wet flue gas, the volume fraction of the steam in the wet flue gas and the volume fraction of the carbon monoxide in the dry flue gas; the formula is as follows,
s5: calculating the heat loss of the fly ash according to the mass flow of the fly ash, the combustible content of the fly ash and the temperature of the fly ash; the formula is as follows,
s6: calculating the heat loss of the slag according to the mass flow of the slag, the combustible content of the slag and the temperature of the slag; the formula is as follows,
s7: calculating the thermal efficiency of the boiler by taking the sum of each output heat and each heat loss of the boiler as total heat and taking the sum of the output heat as effective heat;
the thermal efficiency of the boiler is
Qss＝Qpy+Qqt+Qfh+Qlz+Qsr
Qyy＝Qgr+Qcq+Qpw
Wherein Q issrThe heat loss is the design value of the boiler.
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
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