阅读说明：本技术 一种橡胶关节的刚度设计方法及机车用轴箱拉杆橡胶关节 (Rigidity design method of rubber joint and axle box pull rod rubber joint for locomotive ) 是由 李刚 孙海燕 杨哲 冯万盛 李东阁 於珂睿 于 2021-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种橡胶关节的刚度设计方法及机车用轴箱拉杆橡胶关节,其中刚度设计方法是将橡胶关节中的橡胶以倾斜状态设置,使得所述橡胶呈现锥型筒体状,同时在橡胶关节内部新增弹性橡胶部件；当受到径向作用力时,橡胶关节的径向刚度主要由锥型筒体状的橡胶来提供,当受到轴向作用力和偏转作用力时,橡胶关节的轴向刚度和偏转刚度主要由弹性橡胶部件来提供。本发明在降低橡胶节点径向刚度的同时,能保证较高的轴向刚度和偏转刚度,从而使得产品能在解决轮缘磨耗大的问题和改善车子过曲线能力的基础上同时保证机车横向的稳定性。(The invention discloses a rigidity design method of a rubber joint and an axle box pull rod rubber joint for a locomotive, wherein the rigidity design method is to arrange rubber in the rubber joint in an inclined state, so that the rubber is in a conical cylinder shape, and an elastic rubber part is additionally arranged in the rubber joint; when the radial acting force is applied, the radial rigidity of the rubber joint is mainly provided by the conical barrel-shaped rubber, and when the axial acting force and the deflection acting force are applied, the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the rubber joint are mainly provided by the elastic rubber component. The invention can ensure higher axial rigidity and deflection rigidity while reducing the radial rigidity of the rubber node, thereby ensuring the transverse stability of the locomotive on the basis of solving the problem of large rim abrasion and improving the curve passing capability of the locomotive.)

1. A rigidity design method of a rubber joint is characterized by comprising the following steps: the rigidity design method is characterized in that rubber in a rubber joint is arranged in an inclined state, so that the rubber is in a conical barrel shape, and an elastic rubber part is additionally arranged in the rubber joint; when the radial acting force is applied, the radial rigidity of the rubber joint is mainly provided by the conical barrel-shaped rubber, and when the axial acting force and the deflection acting force are applied, the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the rubber joint are mainly provided by the elastic rubber component.

2. The rigidity designing method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rubber joint further comprises a mandrel and an outer sleeve arranged outside the mandrel, the elastic rubber component is of a rubber stack structure, the central axis of the elastic rubber component is consistent with the central axis of the mandrel in direction, and the elastic rubber component is arranged between the mandrel and the outer sleeve; when the radial acting force is applied, the elastic rubber part is subjected to shearing force, the radial rigidity of the rubber joint is mainly provided by the conical cylindrical rubber, when the axial acting force and the deflection acting force are applied, the elastic rubber part is subjected to positive force, and the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the rubber joint are mainly provided by the elastic rubber part.

3. The utility model provides an axle box pull rod rubber joint for locomotive, includes the dabber and sets up the overcoat in the dabber outside, the overcoat is the overcoat vulcanization body structure, including the internal cover body and the external cover body and vulcanize the rubber part between the internal cover body and the external cover body, its characterized in that: the rubber part is in a conical cylinder shape, and an elastic rubber part is arranged between the outer sleeve and the mandrel.

4. The rubber joint for an axle box rail according to claim 3, wherein: the elastic rubber part is of a rubber pile structure and comprises a top plate, a partition plate and a bottom plate, the top plate, the partition plate and the bottom plate are bonded together through rubber vulcanization, and the top plate, the partition plate and the bottom plate are all hollow; the central axis direction of the elastic rubber component is consistent with the axial direction of the mandrel.

5. The rubber joint for an axle box rail according to claim 4, wherein: the outer sleeve is of a split structure and is divided into a first outer sleeve and a second outer sleeve; the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are respectively assembled on the mandrel, the mandrel limiting part is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel, the elastic rubber part comprises a first elastic rubber part and a second elastic rubber part, the first elastic rubber part is installed between the first outer sleeve and the mandrel limiting part in a pre-compression state, and the second elastic rubber part is installed between the second outer sleeve and the mandrel limiting part in a pre-compression state.

6. The rubber joint for an axle box rail according to claim 5, wherein: the inner sleeve bodies of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are assembled on the mandrel, one end part of the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve is vulcanized and bonded with the inner sleeve body of the first outer sleeve through the rubber part of the first outer sleeve, one end part of the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve is vulcanized and bonded with the inner sleeve body of the second outer sleeve through the rubber part of the second outer sleeve, and the other end part of the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve is contacted with the other end part of the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve;

digging a whole circle of gap on the inner peripheral surface of the end part of the other end of the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve, and enclosing the gap of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve and the mandrel to form the window space after the product is assembled; the elastic rubber part I, the elastic rubber part II and the mandrel limiting part are all located in the window space.

7. The rubber joint for an axle box rail according to any one of claims 4 to 6, wherein: the inner peripheral surface of the elastic rubber component is a tapered inner peripheral surface, the inner diameter of the top plate 11 of the elastic rubber component is L1, the inner diameter of the bottom plate 13 of the elastic rubber component is L2, and L1 is greater than L2;

the mandrel limiting component is arranged in the middle of the mandrel, the mandrel limiting component is used as a central symmetry part, two sides of the mandrel are respectively provided with a first mandrel shaft part and a second mandrel shaft part which are step-shaped, the diameter R1 of the first mandrel shaft part is smaller than the diameter R2 of the second mandrel shaft part, the diameter R2 of the second mandrel shaft part is smaller than the diameter R3 of the mandrel limiting component, the first mandrel shaft parts on two sides of the mandrel limiting component are used for assembling a first outer sleeve and a second outer sleeve, and the second mandrel shaft parts on two sides of the mandrel limiting component are used for assembling a first elastic rubber component and a second elastic rubber component;

the diameter R2 of the second spindle shaft portion is smaller than the inner diameter L2 of the bottom plate of the elastic rubber member, so that when the elastic rubber member is fitted to the spindle, it is completed by interference fit between the second spindle shaft portion and the bottom plate of the elastic rubber member.

8. The rubber joint for an axle box rail according to claim 7, wherein: after the elastic rubber component is assembled on the mandrel in an interference mode, a gap K is reserved between the circumferential surface of the inner hole of the top plate of the elastic rubber component and the second shaft part of the mandrel.

9. The rubber joint for an axle box rail according to claim 7, wherein: after the outer sleeve is in interference fit, an outer sleeve body of the outer sleeve I is in contact with a top plate of the elastic rubber component I, and a mandrel limiting component of the mandrel is in contact with a bottom plate of the elastic rubber component I, so that the elastic rubber component I is compressed by the outer sleeve I and the mandrel limiting component; the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve is in contact with the top plate of the second elastic rubber component, and the mandrel limiting component of the mandrel is in contact with the bottom plate of the second elastic rubber component, so that the second outer sleeve and the mandrel limiting component are utilized to compress the second elastic rubber component.

10. The rubber joint for an axle box rail according to claim 6, wherein: the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the outer sleeve body is provided with a spigot step part, namely the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve is provided with a spigot step part I, the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve is provided with a spigot step part II, and the spigot step part I and the spigot step part II are matched with each other.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a rigidity design method and a rubber joint produced by using the rigidity design method, in particular to a rigidity design method of a rubber joint and an axle box pull rod rubber joint for a locomotive.

Background

The rubber joint is an elastic connector compounded by rubber and metal pieces, has the functions of flexible connection and vibration impact buffering, and is widely applied to flexible connection positions to play the roles of vibration reduction and noise reduction. Therefore, the rubber joint has a wide range of applications.

The axle box pull rod rubber joint is mainly installed at two ends of two pull rods at the upper left corner and the lower right corner of a primary suspension axle box of a locomotive bogie, and mainly transmits traction force and braking force for the locomotive, provides certain transverse rigidity, and simultaneously reduces vibration and noise provided by primary suspension. As shown in the following table, after the product is installed, the corresponding relationship between the product direction and the locomotive body direction is as follows:

serial number	Axle box pull rod rubber joint	Vehicle body
			1	Radial direction	Longitudinal direction (vehicle length direction)/vertical direction (vehicle height direction)
2	Axial direction	Transverse direction (width direction of vehicle body)
			3	Direction of deflection	Rotating about a vertical direction/about a longitudinal direction

The radial, axial and yaw directions of the pedestal-link rubber knuckles will be described with reference to the directions shown in FIG. 1. As shown in fig. 1, the rubber joint of the axle box pull rod comprises a mandrel 1, an outer sleeve 2 and rubber 3 vulcanized between the mandrel 1 and the outer sleeve 2, wherein the direction A in fig. 1 represents one of radial directions, namely the vertical direction of a vehicle body; the direction B in FIG. 1 represents the axial direction, i.e., the transverse direction of the vehicle body; the direction C in fig. 1 represents one of the yaw directions, i.e., the yaw direction rotating about the longitudinal direction of the vehicle body.

The performance parameters of the existing axle box pull rod rubber joint are as follows: radial stiffness 195 + -40 kN/mm, axial stiffness 57 + -12 kN/mm, and yaw stiffness > 1670 N.m/deg. The applicant finds that the rubber joints with the performance parameters have larger problems in the using process, and the radial rigidity of the axle box pull rod rubber joint is large, so that the longitudinal rigidity of a primary suspension is too hard, the abrasion of the wheel rim of the locomotive is larger, and the capability of the locomotive to pass through a curve is very poor. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the radial stiffness of the rubber joint, solve the problem of large rim wear, and improve the vehicle cornering ability. However, in the process of reducing the radial stiffness of the rubber node, the applicant also finds that reducing the radial stiffness of the rubber node has an influence on the axial stiffness and the deflection stiffness of the rubber node, so that the axial stiffness and the deflection stiffness are also reduced, and the situation is not good because the axial stiffness and the deflection stiffness of the rubber joint need to be as high as possible in order to ensure the stability of the locomotive in the transverse direction. In order to reduce the radial rigidity of the rubber node, the method for simultaneously reducing the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the rubber node is irrevocably solved, and the method is a method for solving the problem of large rim abrasion and improving the capability of a vehicle to pass through a curve on the basis of sacrificing the stability of the locomotive in the transverse direction, so that the method is not preferable.

The applicant has searched several patent documents:

the invention discloses a shaft box pull rod rubber joint, which comprises a mandrel, a rubber layer and an outer sleeve, wherein the application publication number is CN110329300A, the application publication date is 2019, 10 and 15, the outer end profile of the rubber layer is an arc concave surface which is concave inwards, the arc concave surface is connected with the inner wall of the outer sleeve through a first inclined surface, and the first inclined surface is gradually close to the inner wall of the outer sleeve from inside to outside.

The application publication number is CN 110360256A, the application publication date is 2019, 10 and 22, and the Chinese patent application discloses an assembly structure of a journal box draw-bar spherical hinge, the journal box draw-bar spherical hinge comprises an outer sleeve, a rubber body and a mandrel, the outer sleeve, the rubber body and the mandrel are all provided with transverse structures in the transverse direction, and are all provided with longitudinal structures in the longitudinal direction; in the transverse direction of the axle box pull rod spherical hinge, sawteeth are arranged on the outer side of the mandrel and the inner side of the outer sleeve, and the rubber body is vulcanized between the sawteeth of the mandrel and the outer sleeve; the angle of the transverse structures of the outer sleeve and the mandrel in the circumferential direction of the axle box pull rod spherical hinge is smaller than 90 degrees, and the angle of the longitudinal structures of the outer sleeve and the mandrel in the circumferential direction of the axle box pull rod spherical hinge is larger than 90 degrees.

Three, the grant bulletin number is CN 211924723U, and the grant bulletin day is 2020 chinese utility model patent of 11 months 13 days, discloses a rubber joint who exempts from to extrude and contract, including dabber, rubber layer and overcoat, be equipped with the extrusion cover between overcoat and the rubber layer, the both ends of extrusion cover and the both ends of overcoat cooperate the card respectively to be solid.

The application publication number is CN 113027968A, and the application publication date is Chinese invention patent application of 2021, 6 months and 25 days, and discloses a quasi-zero stiffness elastic node, which comprises:

a jacket; the outer sleeve is sleeved on the positive stiffness element; and the negative stiffness element is internally arranged in the positive stiffness element, and when vibration occurs, the negative stiffness generated by the negative stiffness element counteracts the positive stiffness generated by the positive stiffness element.

The rubber joints in the four patent documents, especially the two previous axle-box pull-rod rubber joints, have the problem of high radial rigidity, so that the problem of large rim abrasion and the problem of improving the curve passing capability of the vehicle cannot be well solved.

In summary, how to ensure higher axial stiffness and deflection stiffness while reducing the radial stiffness of the rubber node, so that the product can ensure the lateral stability of the locomotive on the basis of solving the problem of large rim abrasion and improving the curve passing capability of the locomotive, is a technical problem which is urgently needed to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a rigidity design method of a rubber joint and an axle box pull rod rubber joint for a locomotive, which can ensure higher axial rigidity and deflection rigidity while reducing the radial rigidity of a rubber node, so that a product can ensure the transverse stability of the locomotive on the basis of solving the problem of large rim abrasion and improving the capability of the locomotive to pass a curve.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a rigidity design method of a rubber joint is characterized in that rubber in the rubber joint is arranged in an inclined state, so that the rubber is in a conical barrel shape, and an elastic rubber part is additionally arranged in the rubber joint; when the radial acting force is applied, the radial rigidity of the rubber joint is mainly provided by the conical barrel-shaped rubber, and when the axial acting force and the deflection acting force are applied, the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the rubber joint are mainly provided by the elastic rubber component.

Preferably, the rubber joint further comprises a mandrel and an outer sleeve arranged outside the mandrel, the elastic rubber component adopts a rubber stack structure, the central axis of the elastic rubber component is consistent with the central axis of the mandrel in direction, and the elastic rubber component is arranged between the mandrel and the outer sleeve; when the radial acting force is applied, the elastic rubber part is subjected to shearing force, the radial rigidity of the rubber joint is mainly provided by the conical cylindrical rubber, when the axial acting force and the deflection acting force are applied, the elastic rubber part is subjected to positive force, and the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the rubber joint are mainly provided by the elastic rubber part.

The invention also discloses an axle box pull rod rubber joint for a locomotive, which comprises a mandrel and an outer sleeve arranged outside the mandrel, wherein the outer sleeve is of an outer sleeve vulcanized body structure and comprises an inner sleeve body, an outer sleeve body and a rubber part vulcanized between the inner sleeve body and the outer sleeve body, the rubber part is in a conical cylinder shape, and an elastic rubber part is arranged between the outer sleeve and the mandrel.

Preferably, the elastic rubber part is of a rubber pile structure and comprises a top plate, a partition plate and a bottom plate, the top plate, the partition plate and the bottom plate are bonded together through rubber vulcanization, and the top plate, the partition plate and the bottom plate are all hollow; the central axis direction of the elastic rubber component is consistent with the axial direction of the mandrel.

Preferably, the outer sleeve is of a split structure and is divided into a first outer sleeve and a second outer sleeve; the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are respectively assembled on the mandrel, the mandrel limiting part is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel, the elastic rubber part comprises a first elastic rubber part and a second elastic rubber part, the first elastic rubber part is installed between the first outer sleeve and the mandrel limiting part in a pre-compression state, and the second elastic rubber part is installed between the second outer sleeve and the mandrel limiting part in a pre-compression state.

Preferably, the inner sleeve bodies of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve are assembled on the mandrel, one end part of the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve is vulcanized and bonded with the inner sleeve body of the first outer sleeve through the rubber part of the first outer sleeve, one end part of the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve is vulcanized and bonded with the inner sleeve body of the second outer sleeve through the rubber part of the second outer sleeve, and the other end part of the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve is contacted with the other end part of the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve;

digging a whole circle of gap on the inner peripheral surface of the end part of the other end of the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve, and enclosing the gap of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve and the mandrel to form the window space after the product is assembled; the elastic rubber part I, the elastic rubber part II and the mandrel limiting part are all located in the window space.

Preferably, the inner peripheral surface of the elastic rubber member is a tapered inner peripheral surface, and L1> L2 is defined as L1 for the inner diameter of the top plate 11 and L2 for the inner diameter of the bottom plate 13 of the elastic rubber member;

the mandrel limiting component is arranged in the middle of the mandrel, the mandrel limiting component is used as a central symmetry part, two sides of the mandrel are respectively provided with a first mandrel shaft part and a second mandrel shaft part which are step-shaped, the diameter R1 of the first mandrel shaft part is smaller than the diameter R2 of the second mandrel shaft part, the diameter R2 of the second mandrel shaft part is smaller than the diameter R3 of the mandrel limiting component, the first mandrel shaft parts on two sides of the mandrel limiting component are used for assembling a first outer sleeve and a second outer sleeve, and the second mandrel shaft parts on two sides of the mandrel limiting component are used for assembling a first elastic rubber component and a second elastic rubber component;

the diameter R2 of the second spindle shaft portion is smaller than the inner diameter L2 of the bottom plate of the elastic rubber member, so that when the elastic rubber member is fitted to the spindle, it is completed by interference fit between the second spindle shaft portion and the bottom plate of the elastic rubber member.

Preferably, after the elastic rubber component is assembled on the mandrel in an interference fit mode, a gap K is reserved between the peripheral surface of the inner hole of the top plate of the elastic rubber component and the second shaft part of the mandrel.

Preferably, after the outer sleeve is in interference fit, the outer sleeve body of the outer sleeve I is in contact with the top plate of the elastic rubber part I, and the mandrel limiting part of the mandrel is in contact with the bottom plate of the elastic rubber part I, so that the elastic rubber part I is compressed by the outer sleeve I and the mandrel limiting part; the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve is in contact with the top plate of the second elastic rubber component, and the mandrel limiting component of the mandrel is in contact with the bottom plate of the second elastic rubber component, so that the second outer sleeve and the mandrel limiting component are utilized to compress the second elastic rubber component.

Preferably, the outer peripheral surface of the other end of the outer sleeve body is designed with a spigot step part, that is, the outer sleeve body of the first outer sleeve is provided with a spigot step part I, the outer sleeve body of the second outer sleeve is provided with a spigot step part II, and the spigot step part I and the spigot step part II are matched with each other.

In conclusion, the rigidity design method of the rubber joint can reduce the radial rigidity of the rubber joint and ensure higher axial rigidity and deflection rigidity, so that the product can solve the problem of large rim abrasion and improve the capability of a vehicle passing a curve and ensure the transverse stability of the locomotive at the same time. The window space is formed by enclosing the gap of the outer sleeve and the mandrel, the window space is ingeniously added in the product, and the installation space is reserved for the newly-added elastic rubber component. The mandrel is designed to be in a step-shaped step design, and the elastic rubber part and the outer sleeve body are axially positioned by utilizing the multiple steps, so that the assembly of a product is facilitated. The elastic rubber part is compressed on the mandrel limiting part by utilizing the interference assembly force between the outer sleeve and the mandrel, so that the elastic rubber part is in a pre-compression state after the product is assembled, and the technical effect of the invention can be better realized. The spigot step parts on the two outer sleeves are designed in an interference fit structure or a common lap joint structure, and the compression amount of the elastic rubber part can be adjusted from the other aspect. Through the clearance K between the global and the dabber axial region two of hole of the roof of design elastic rubber component, avoid the product when receiving radial effort, mutual contact between roof and the dabber to the radial rigidity of product has further been reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a prior art pedestal jaw rubber joint;

FIG. 2 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the pedestal jaw rubber joint of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a first outer sleeve according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic axial cross-sectional view of a first elastic rubber member according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of the portion A of FIG. 2;

in the figure: 1. the mandrel comprises a mandrel body 111, a mandrel limiting component 112, a mandrel shaft portion I113, a mandrel shaft portion II, an outer sleeve 2, 3 rubber, 311 rubber body circular cylinder body portion 312 rubber body conical cylinder body portion 4 elastic rubber component 411 elastic rubber component I, 412 elastic rubber component II, 5 outer sleeve I, 6 outer sleeve II, 7 inner sleeve body, 8 outer sleeve body, 811 notch, 812 spigot step portion, 9 rubber portion, 10 window space, 11 top plate, 12 partition plate, 13 bottom plate and 14 conical surface.

Detailed Description

In the following, the applicant explains the aspects of reducing the radial stiffness, improving the axial stiffness and the yaw stiffness, and how to ensure that the performances of the three are achieved simultaneously, so as to explain the research and analysis process of the technical scheme of the present application.

Radial stiffness aspect: in the conventional pedestal brace rubber joint shown in fig. 1, structural stress analysis shows that the rubber 3 in the rubber joint is hollow cylinder-shaped, the central axis direction of which is consistent with the central axis direction of the mandrel 1, and can be mutually overlapped, the rubber 3 comprises a rubber body circular cylinder part 311 and rubber body conical cylinder parts 312 formed on two end parts of the rubber body cylinder part 311, and the axial section E1 of the rubber body circular cylinder part 311 is arranged in parallel with the axial section E3 of the mandrel 1; the axial section E2 of the rubber cone-shaped cylindrical portion 312 is inclined from the axial section E3 of the mandrel 1. Thus, in the working state, when the rubber joint is subjected to radial acting force, the stress states of the two parts are respectively as follows: in the rubber body circular cylinder portion 311, the force in the positive direction, that is, the direction of the force is perpendicular to the axial section E1 of the rubber body circular cylinder portion 311, and the force acts perpendicularly on the rubber body circular cylinder portion 311; in the rubber cone-shaped cylindrical body part 312, the direction of the acting force applied to the rubber cone-shaped cylindrical body part 312 is mutually inclined with the axial section E2 of the rubber cone-shaped cylindrical body part 312, and the acting force is obliquely acted on the rubber circular cylindrical body part 311. Based on the analysis of the stress state of the rubber body, it can be seen that the radial stiffness of the rubber body circular cylinder part 311 subjected to the positive direction acting force is much greater than the radial stiffness of the rubber body conical cylinder part 312, and therefore, the influence of the rubber body conical cylinder part 312 on the radial stiffness of the product is much smaller than the influence of the rubber body circular cylinder part 311 on the radial stiffness of the product. It can be seen that in order to achieve as little radial stiffness of the product as possible, the rubber body circular cylinder portion 311 needs to be eliminated so that the radial stiffness of the product is primarily affected by the rubber body conical cylinder portion 312.

Axial stiffness: as shown in fig. 1, in the working state, when the product is subjected to an axial force, the direction of the applied force to the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 312 is inclined to the axial section E2 of the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 312, and the applied force is obliquely applied to the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 312; in the rubber body circular cylinder portion 311, it is subjected to a force in the lateral direction, which is expressed as a shear force. Thus, it can be seen that the axial stiffness of the rubber circular cylinder portion 311 subjected to shear forces is much less than the axial stiffness of the rubber cone cylinder portion 312, and therefore, the effect of the rubber cone cylinder portion 312 on the axial stiffness of the product is much greater than the effect of the rubber circular cylinder portion 311 on the axial stiffness of the product. Before the rubber circular cylinder part 311 is deleted, the axial rigidity of the product is mainly influenced by the rubber conical cylinder part 312, but the axial rigidity of the product cannot meet the design requirement through research of the applicant. Therefore, further improvements are needed after the rubber body circular cylinder portion 311 is eliminated.

In order to improve the axial rigidity of a product and cannot enable the radial rigidity of the product to be very large, the applicant adds a rubber elastic component in the product, so that when the product is subjected to a radial acting force, the radial rigidity provided by the rubber elastic component is relatively small, therefore, the influence of the rubber elastic component on the radial rigidity of the product is far smaller than the influence of the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 312 on the radial rigidity of the product, at the moment, the radial rigidity of the product is mainly influenced by the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 312, and after the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 311 is omitted, the radial rigidity of the product mainly influenced by the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 312 is greatly reduced compared with the original rigidity, so that the radial rigidity of the product can meet the design requirement.

The rubber elastic component has the characteristic of small radial rigidity, and has the other characteristic of large axial rigidity when the product is subjected to axial acting force. The axial stiffness provided by the rubber elastic component is far greater than that provided by the rubber cone-shaped cylinder part 312, so that the axial stiffness of the product is mainly influenced by the newly added rubber elastic component, and the larger axial stiffness of the product can be ensured.

Aspect of yaw stiffness: when a product generates deflection motion, the deflection motion can cause the relative movement tendency between the outer sleeve and the mandrel of the product, and after the applicant adds the rubber elastic component, the rubber elastic component can generate a large moment for preventing the product from deflecting due to the fact that the rubber elastic component has high axial rigidity, and therefore the deflection rigidity of the product is improved.

The analytical study of the newly added rubber elastic component was as follows:

firstly, the stress state of the rubber elastic component: in order to realize the characteristics of small radial rigidity and large axial rigidity provided by the rubber elastic component, the stress state of a rubber body in the rubber elastic component needs to be ensured as follows: the rubber body in the rubber elastic component is subjected to the positive acting force and the radial acting force in the lateral direction, so that the force applied to the rubber body is the positive acting force and the lateral shearing force, and the characteristics that the radial rigidity provided by the rubber elastic component is small and the axial rigidity provided by the rubber elastic component is large can be realized.

In order to further improve the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the product on the premise of not improving the radial rigidity, the rubber elastic component can be in a pre-compression state after being installed in the product, and the axial rigidity and the deflection rigidity of the product can be further improved by the rubber elastic component in the pre-compression state.

Secondly, the structure and the installation state of the rubber elastic component: in consideration of the stress state of the rubber elastic component, the structure of the rubber elastic component can be formed by adopting a rubber stack structure, namely the rubber stack structure is composed of a top plate, a bottom plate, a partition plate arranged between the top plate and the bottom plate and a vulcanized rubber body between the plate pieces: after the rubber joint is installed on the rubber elastic component, the top plate and the bottom plate of the rubber elastic component can be respectively exerted with relative acting force through other components in the rubber joint, so that the rubber elastic component is in a pre-compression state.

Thirdly, installation space of the rubber elastic component: as shown in fig. 1, since there is no space for installing the new rubber elastic member in the existing rubber joint, a window must be dug in the rubber joint for installing the rubber elastic member.

The technical solution of the present invention is further explained in detail by the accompanying drawings and the specific embodiments.

Example (b): as shown in fig. 2, a rigidity design method of a rubber joint is to delete a rubber body circular cylinder part in the rubber joint and only leave a rubber body conical cylinder part 312, so that the radial rigidity of a product is mainly provided by the rubber body conical cylinder part 312, and a smaller radial rigidity is ensured; meanwhile, the elastic rubber part 4 is additionally arranged in the rubber joint, and a rubber body in the elastic rubber part 4 is subjected to shearing stress when being subjected to radial acting force and is subjected to forward stress when being subjected to axial acting force, so that the product is ensured to obtain larger axial rigidity and deflection rigidity under smaller radial rigidity. After the product is improved by the design, experiments prove that the radial rigidity of the product can be reduced to 28kN/mm +/-10%, the axial rigidity can reach 29kN/mm +/-15%, and the deflection rigidity is more than or equal to 1600 N.m/deg. Therefore, the scheme can reduce the radial rigidity of the rubber node and ensure higher axial rigidity and deflection rigidity, so that the product can ensure the transverse stability of the locomotive on the basis of solving the problem of large rim abrasion and improving the curve passing capability of the locomotive.

A window space is provided in the interior of the rubber joint, and the window space is located right at the original rubber body circular cylinder portion 311 which is deleted, and the elastic rubber member 4 is provided in the window space. The elastic rubber part 4 is of a rubber pile structure and is transversely arranged in the window space, namely the direction of the central axis of the elastic rubber part 4 is consistent with the axial direction of the rubber joint mandrel, and the elastic rubber part 4 and the rubber joint mandrel can also be arranged to be mutually overlapped. Thus, the rubber body in the elastic rubber component 4 is ensured to be in shearing stress when being subjected to radial acting force and to be in positive stress when being subjected to axial acting force.

The top plate of the elastic rubber component 4 is in contact with the outer sleeve of the rubber joint, the bottom plate of the elastic rubber component 4 is in contact with the mandrel 1 of the rubber joint, and after the assembly, the outer sleeve of the rubber joint and the mandrel 1 are utilized to respectively apply opposite acting forces to the top plate and the bottom plate of the elastic rubber component 4, so that the elastic rubber component 4 is in a pre-compression state.

As shown in fig. 2 and fig. 3, this embodiment further discloses a rubber joint designed according to the above method, which includes a mandrel 1 and an outer sleeve disposed outside the mandrel 1, where the outer sleeve is a split structure and includes a first outer sleeve 5 and a second outer sleeve 6, and one function of designing the outer sleeve as a split structure is to facilitate assembly of a product, and both the first outer sleeve 5 and the second outer sleeve 6 are outer sleeve vulcanized body structures, and include an inner sleeve body 7, an outer sleeve body 8 and a rubber portion 9 vulcanized between the inner sleeve body 7 and the outer sleeve body 8, and an outer peripheral surface of the inner sleeve body 7 and an inner peripheral surface of the outer sleeve body 8 respectively contacting both sides of the rubber portion 9 are inclined surfaces, so that the rubber portion 9 is in a shape of a cone cylinder. The first outer sleeve 5 and the second outer sleeve 6 are respectively assembled on the mandrel 1 in an interference fit mode, the mandrel limiting part 111 is arranged on the outer peripheral surface of the mandrel 1, the elastic rubber part comprises a first elastic rubber part 411 and a second elastic rubber part 412, the first elastic rubber part 411 is installed between the first outer sleeve 5 and the mandrel limiting part 111 in a pre-compression mode, and the second elastic rubber part 412 is installed between the second outer sleeve 6 and the mandrel limiting part 111 in a pre-compression mode; a window space 10 is arranged among the first outer sleeve 5, the second outer sleeve 6 and the mandrel 1, and the first elastic rubber part 411, the second elastic rubber part 412 and the mandrel limiting part 111 are all positioned in the window space 10.

The first elastic rubber part 411 and the second elastic rubber part 412 are of the same structure and are both hollow, as shown in fig. 4, the first elastic rubber part 411 comprises a top plate 11, a partition plate 12 and a bottom plate 13, the top plate 11, the partition plate 12 and the bottom plate 12 are vulcanized and bonded together through rubber 3, and the top plate 11, the partition plate 12 and the bottom plate 12 are all hollow. The inner peripheral surface of the first elastic rubber member 411 is a tapered inner peripheral surface 14, so that the top plate 11 is located at the large end of the tapered inner peripheral surface 14, and the bottom plate 13 is located at the small end of the tapered inner peripheral surface 14, that is, in the drawing, the inner diameter of the top plate 11 is L1, and the inner diameter of the bottom plate 13 is L2, so that L1> L2.

As shown in fig. 2 and 5, the mandrel 1 is designed to have a step-like step, the mandrel spacing part 111 is a mandrel flange, the mandrel flange and the mandrel 1 are an integral structure, the mandrel spacing part 111 is arranged at the middle position of the mandrel 1, the mandrel limiting component 111 is taken as a central symmetry part, two sides of the mandrel are respectively provided with a first mandrel shaft part 112 and a second mandrel shaft part 113 which are step-shaped, the diameter R1 of the first mandrel shaft part 112 is smaller than the diameter R2 of the second mandrel shaft part 113, the diameter R2 of the second mandrel shaft part 113 is smaller than the diameter R3 of the mandrel limiting component 111, the first mandrel shaft part 112 on two sides of the mandrel limiting component 111 is used for assembling the first outer sleeve 5 and the second outer sleeve 6, the second mandrel shaft part 113 on two sides of the mandrel limiting component 111 is used for assembling the first elastic rubber component 411 and the second elastic rubber component 412, the step T1 on the first mandrel shaft part 112 is used for positioning the outer sleeve body during assembling, and the step T2 on the second mandrel shaft part 113 is used for positioning the elastic rubber component during assembling. The mandrel is designed to be in a step-shaped step design, and the elastic rubber part and the outer sleeve body are axially positioned by utilizing the multiple steps, so that the assembly of a product is facilitated. The diameter R2 of the second spindle shaft portion 113 is smaller than the inner diameter L2 of the bottom plate 13 of the elastic rubber member, so that when the elastic rubber member is interference fitted onto the spindle, it is completed by interference fit between the second spindle shaft portion 113 and the bottom plate 13 of the elastic rubber member.

As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the inner diameters of the inner sleeve 7 of the first outer sleeve 5 and the second outer sleeve 6 are S1, one end of the outer sleeve 8 is vulcanized and bonded with the inner sleeve 7 through the rubber part 9, a full circle of notch 811 is dug on the inner peripheral surface of the other end of the outer sleeve 8, after the product is assembled, the notch 811 of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve and the mandrel 1 enclose to form a window space 10, and compared with the existing rubber joint, the window space is formed by enclosing between the notch of the outer sleeve and the mandrel in the embodiment, the window space is ingeniously added in the product, and an installation space is reserved for a newly added elastic rubber component. If the inner diameter of the notch 811 of the outer sleeve 8 is S2, S1< S2. To assemble the outer jacket one and the outer jacket two on the mandrel, as shown in fig. 3 and 5, the inner diameter S1 of the inner housing 7 of the outer jacket one and the outer jacket two is set to be smaller than the diameter R1 of the mandrel shaft portion one 112 of the mandrel, so that the inner housing 7 is interference fitted to the mandrel shaft portion one 112, and finally, the outer jacket one and the outer jacket two are interference fitted to the mandrel.

As shown in fig. 5, after the outer sleeve is assembled by interference fit, the outer sleeve body 8 of the outer sleeve I is contacted with the top plate 11 of the elastic rubber part I, and the mandrel limiting part 111 of the mandrel is contacted with the bottom plate 12 of the elastic rubber part I, so that the elastic rubber part I is compressed by the outer sleeve I and the mandrel limiting part 111, and the elastic rubber part I is in a pre-compression state after the product is assembled. The second elastic rubber component is also the same, and is compressed by the second outer sleeve and the mandrel limiting component 111, so that after the product is assembled, the second elastic rubber component is in a pre-compression state. The elastic rubber part is compressed on the mandrel limiting part by utilizing the interference assembly force between the outer sleeve and the mandrel, so that the elastic rubber part is in a pre-compression state after the product is assembled, and the technical effect of the invention can be better realized. It should be noted here that, since the outer sleeve 8 is in contact with the top plate 11, and the inner sleeve 7 is in interference fit with the mandrel, when viewed from a single outer sleeve, the single outer sleeve is subjected to the reaction force of the elastic rubber member, and when the product is assembled, the conical barrel 312 of the rubber body in the outer sleeve is also in a pre-compression state, so that the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve realize the pre-compression in the axial direction and the radial direction.

In addition, because the inner diameter L1 of the top plate 11 of the elastic rubber component is greater than L2, after the elastic rubber component is interference-assembled on the mandrel, a gap K is left between the inner hole peripheral surface of the top plate 11 of the elastic rubber component and the second mandrel shaft part 113, the gap K is a radial deformation stroke reserved for the rubber elastic part, when a product is subjected to a radial acting force, the outer sleeves 8 of the first outer sleeve and the second outer sleeve move in the radial direction, and the outer sleeve 8 is in contact with the top plate 11 of the elastic rubber component, so that the top plate 11 of the elastic rubber component is driven to move in the radial direction, at this time, in order to reduce the radial rigidity of the product as much as possible, the top plate 11 needs to be prevented from being in contact with the mandrel, and therefore, a gap K is designed at this position, so that when the product is subjected to the radial acting force, the top plate 11 always remains a gap with the mandrel, and does not contact.

As shown in fig. 3 and 5, a spigot step portion 812 is designed on the outer peripheral surface of the other end portion of the outer sleeve body 8, that is, the outer sleeve body 8 of the first outer sleeve is provided with a spigot step portion one, the outer sleeve body 8 of the second outer sleeve is provided with a spigot step portion two, and the spigot step portion one and the spigot step portion two are matched with each other. When the product is assembled, the first spigot step part and the second spigot step part are matched with each other, and the other end of the outer sleeve 8 of the first outer sleeve is overlapped with the other end of the outer sleeve 8 of the second outer sleeve. Here, the overlapping relationship between the first and second spigot step portions may be further designed based on the amount of compression of the elastic rubber member. Under the conventional state, the compression amount of the elastic rubber part is ensured by the interference force between the outer sleeve and the mandrel; when a larger compression amount is needed, the mutual overlapping part of the first spigot step part and the second spigot step part is designed into an interference fit structure, and the compression amount of the elastic rubber component is further improved by utilizing the interference force of the mutual overlapping part of the first spigot step part and the second spigot step part. Therefore, the spigot step parts on the two outer sleeves are designed in an interference fit structure or a common lap joint structure, and the compression amount of the elastic rubber part can be adjusted from the other aspect.

As shown in fig. 2, the assembly process of the product is roughly as follows: firstly, the first elastic rubber part 411 and the second elastic rubber part 412 are respectively assembled on the mandrel 1 in an interference fit mode, then the first outer sleeve 5 and the second outer sleeve 6 are respectively assembled on the mandrel 1 in an interference fit mode, and finally assembly is completed. It can be seen that the structural design of the product simplifies the assembly process of the product and greatly improves the assembly efficiency. Here, for optimum design, a small interference fit may be used between the elastomeric rubber member and the mandrel, and a standard interference fit may be used between the outer sleeve and the mandrel to ensure a better and sufficient press fit.

As shown in figures 3 and 4, the axial rigidity of the product can be adjusted according to actual working conditions. The adjustment of the axial stiffness is mainly performed for the rubber part 9 in the outer casing and for the rubber 3 of the elastic rubber member. The rubber part 9 in the jacket is adjusted: since the rubber in the outer sleeve is obliquely arranged, the degree of inclination of the rubber portion 9 (i.e., the included angle a between the generatrix of the rubber portion 9 and the central axis of the inner sleeve 7) and the thickness H1 of the rubber portion 9 can be adjusted to adjust the axial rigidity of the product. The rubber 3 of the elastic rubber member is adjusted: the thickness H2 of the rubber 3 of the elastic rubber member is mainly adjusted. However, the applicant has found through research that the above two factors have different influences on the axial rigidity of the product, and the influence on the axial rigidity of the product is small by adjusting the rubber part 9 in the outer sleeve, and the influence is not more than 20%, while the influence on the axial rigidity of the product is large by adjusting the rubber 3 of the elastic rubber part, and is about 80% or more. Therefore, the adjustment of the axial rigidity of the product is mainly performed from the aspect of adjusting the rubber 3 of the elastic rubber member. This product is adjusted through the thickness H2 of elastic rubber part's rubber 3, can make the axial stiffness of product adjust in a higher section within range.

In conclusion, the rigidity design method of the rubber joint can reduce the radial rigidity of the rubber joint and ensure higher axial rigidity and deflection rigidity, so that the product can solve the problem of large rim abrasion and improve the capability of a vehicle passing a curve and ensure the transverse stability of the locomotive at the same time. The window space is formed by enclosing the gap of the outer sleeve and the mandrel, the window space is ingeniously added in the product, and the installation space is reserved for the newly-added elastic rubber component. The mandrel is designed to be in a step-shaped step design, and the elastic rubber part and the outer sleeve body are axially positioned by utilizing the multiple steps, so that the assembly of a product is facilitated. The elastic rubber part is compressed on the mandrel limiting part by utilizing the interference assembly force between the outer sleeve and the mandrel, so that the elastic rubber part is in a pre-compression state after the product is assembled, and the technical effect of the invention can be better realized. The spigot step parts on the two outer sleeves are designed in an interference fit structure or a common lap joint structure, and the compression amount of the elastic rubber part can be adjusted from the other aspect. Through the clearance K between the global and the dabber axial region two of hole of the roof of design elastic rubber component, avoid the product when receiving radial effort, mutual contact between roof and the dabber to the radial rigidity of product has further been reduced.

The term "multi-stage" as used in this embodiment means a number of "two or more stages". The above embodiments are provided for illustrative purposes only and not for limiting the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and therefore all equivalent technical solutions should fall within the scope of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims.