阅读说明：本技术 一种稻-小龙虾-日本沼虾综合种养的方法 (Comprehensive planting and breeding method of rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis ) 是由 舒妙安 董伟仁 郭晓令 张艳梅 于 2021-09-26 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种稻-小龙虾-日本沼虾综合种养的方法。该方法包括如下步骤：以稻田作为稻-小龙虾-日本沼虾共作区,在2-3月放养小龙虾苗种,并于5-6月收捕上市；6月中旬种植水稻,待6月下旬水稻秧苗晒田后,对稻田四周环沟进行清理、消毒,并移植部分水生植物；7月上旬放养日本沼虾苗种；10月下旬对成熟水稻进行收割；11月将日本沼虾收捕上市。本发明在不减少水稻种植面积的前提下,通过稻-小龙虾-日本沼虾综合种养的方式,实现稻田时间和空间有效拓展的同时,提高稻渔种养的综合效益。(The invention discloses a method for comprehensively breeding rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis. The method comprises the following steps: taking a rice field as a rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis co-culture area, stocking crayfish seedlings in 2-3 months, and harvesting and selling the crayfish seedlings in 5-6 months; planting rice in the middle ten days of the 6 th month, cleaning and disinfecting the circumferential ditches of the rice field after the rice seedlings are exposed to the field in the last 6 th month, and transplanting part of aquatic plants; stocking macrobrachium nipponense fries in the last 7 th month; harvesting mature rice in the last 10 th month; collecting Macrobrachium nipponense in 11 months. According to the invention, on the premise of not reducing the rice planting area, the time and space of the rice field are effectively expanded and the comprehensive benefit of rice fishing and planting is improved through a comprehensive planting and breeding mode of rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis.)

1. A method for comprehensively breeding rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) taking a rice field as a rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis co-culture area, stocking crayfish seedlings in 2-3 months, and harvesting and selling the crayfish seedlings in 5-6 months;

(2) planting rice in the late 5 th to the middle 6 th of the month, after the rice seedlings in the late 6 th of the month are exposed to the sun, cleaning and disinfecting the circumferential ditches of the rice field, and transplanting part of aquatic plants;

(3) stocking macrobrachium nipponense fries in the last 7 th month;

(4) harvesting mature rice in the last 10 th month;

(5) collecting Macrobrachium nipponense in 11 months.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the number of crayfish fries stocking is 3000-6000 crayfish/acre.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice field has a circumferential groove around the circumference, the circumferential groove has a width of 2.5 m above the circumferential groove, a width of 1.0 m at the bottom, a depth of 1.0 m, a slope ratio of 1: 1.5; the area of the circular ditch accounts for less than 10% of the area of the rice field.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rice is one or both of hybrid rice Jiayouzhongke No. 3 and Chunyu T30.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein said aquatic plants include one or more of chrysophyte, lotus philoxeroides, curly pondweed, and hydrilla verticillata.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the aquatic plant area is 30% to 40% of the aquaculture water surface.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stocking number of macrobrachium nipponensis fries is 4.5-5.2 ten thousand tails/mu.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the macrobrachium nipponensis fries are disinfected with bleaching powder around the sulcus 7 days before stocking.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein an oxygen-increasing air pump is provided for increasing the oxygen during the cultivation of the macrobrachium nipponensis.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the disinfection treatment is carried out before stocking the crayfish and the macrobrachium nipponensis fry, and the disinfection treatment is carried out before stocking by 5% salt solution immersion for 5-10 minutes or 5ppm potassium permanganate immersion for 10-20 minutes. The stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the temperature difference between the cultivation water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; and (5) breeding the seedlings uniformly in the surrounding ditches around the rice field.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of comprehensive planting and breeding of aquatic products and agricultural products, in particular to a method for comprehensively planting and breeding rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis.

Background

The comprehensive rice and fish planting and breeding mode of 'one-water dual-purpose, one-field double-harvest, grain stabilization and efficiency improvement, grain and fish win-win, ecological environment protection' promotes the income increase of farmers, and makes great contribution to guaranteeing the grain safety and the ecological safety. The rice and fish engineering is vigorously developed in rural areas of China, a modern rice and fish culture industry with culture-related objects of nearly 20 types and culture area of more than 3400 ten thousand mu is formed, and a rice and fish culture mode is continuously developed and evolved.

At present, the rice and fishery planting industry mainly comprises the following modes: (1) symbiotic planting and breeding mode: the method is characterized in that rice is planted, and some high-temperature-resistant aquatic product varieties are cultured, wherein the cultured varieties mainly comprise carps, loaches, finless eels, river crabs, freshwater shrimps, Chinese soft-shelled turtles, bullfrogs, rana nigromaculata and the like. (2) Continuous cropping planting and breeding mode: during the period from the harvest of rice in 10 months to the planting of rice in 6 months of the second year, the method utilizes the idle time in the rice field in winter and spring to breed aquatic product varieties, wherein the bred varieties mainly comprise procambarus clarkii (commonly called crayfish) and the like, and for example, CN111543269A provides an ecological breeding method for continuous cropping of the rice shrimps (crayfish) and the like. (3) Continuous cropping and symbiosis comprehensive planting and breeding mode: compared with the former two modes, the mode can breed aquatic species during the idle period of the rice field and the rice planting period, fully utilizes the space and time of the rice field, can generate higher economic benefit, and is the development direction of rice, fishing and planting agriculture in future. For example, patent CN102090291A proposes a combined planting and breeding method for rice, crayfish and turtle, combining a ditch with a rice field, throwing in turtle seeds in 5 months, and throwing in crayfish seeds in 9-10 months, so as to realize a comprehensive planting and breeding mode of rice-turtle symbiosis and rice-shrimp continuous cropping. The patent CN111480603A provides an ecological breeding method for rice field shrimps and soft-shelled turtles, which utilizes the biological characteristics that Chinese soft-shelled turtles like eating crayfish to remove residual crayfish in the rice field, prevents the same rice field crayfish from mating and breeding, selects crayfish parents in different places again, realizes the directional optimization breeding of the crayfish, can improve the quality of the crayfish and the Chinese soft-shelled turtles, and increases the acre yield value by adding the harvested high-quality rice. However, different aquatic culture species cannot be co-located in parallel in the continuous cropping and symbiosis comprehensive planting and breeding mode, and the culture benefit is influenced.

Therefore, the invention adopts a method for comprehensively breeding the rice, the crayfish and the macrobrachium nipponensis, and realizes the ternary comprehensive breeding of the same rice field on the time level and the space level by utilizing the requirements of the growth of the mixed breeding variety on different water temperatures, thereby effectively improving the utilization efficiency and the breeding benefit of the rice field. The mode effectively expands the planting time and space of the rice field, improves the comprehensive benefit of rice field cultivation, further improves the yield and quality of agricultural products, and realizes the common development of aquaculture and agricultural planting.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art, provides a method for comprehensively breeding rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis, and improves the comprehensive benefit of rice fishing and breeding while effectively expanding the time and space of a rice field by a mode of comprehensively breeding rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis on the premise of not reducing the rice planting area.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

(1) a method for comprehensively breeding rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis comprises the following steps: taking a rice field as a rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis co-culture area, stocking crayfish seedlings in 2-3 months, and harvesting and selling the crayfish seedlings in 5-6 months;

the number of the crayfish fries bred is 3000-6000 fries per mu.

The rice field is provided with a circular ditch around, the upper surface of the circular ditch is 2.5 meters wide, the bottom of the circular ditch is 1.0 meter wide, the depth of the circular ditch is 1.0 meter, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5; the area of the circular ditch accounts for less than 10% of the area of the rice field. The circular ditch can be used as a place for preventing crayfish and freshwater shrimp from sunstroke at high temperature in summer, and can be used as a place for hiding, shading and perching when paddy is used for sunning, fertilizing and spraying.

Anti-escape facilities are arranged around the rice field to avoid escape of crayfishes and macrobrachium nipponensis. Preferred anti-escape facilities include: adopting iron sheets and other materials, burying the lower part of the iron sheets into the soil for more than 20 cm, raising the upper part of the iron sheets to be 50-60 cm higher than the ridges of the field, and supporting and fixing the iron sheets by using wooden piles or bamboo poles every 1-1.5 m; or the nylon net or the linen net and the hard plastic film are adopted to prevent the escape together.

(2) Planting rice in the late 5 th to the middle 6 th of the month, after the rice seedlings in the late 6 th of the month are exposed to the sun, cleaning and disinfecting the circumferential ditches of the rice field, and transplanting part of aquatic plants;

the rice should be selected from good varieties of rice with short planting period, strong lodging resistance, strong disease resistance and good quality, such as hybrid rice of Jiayou Zhongke No. 3, Chunyout 30, etc., so as to be suitable for symbiotic mode of rice and shrimp.

The rice planting mode adopts a narrow row mode, so that crayfishes and freshwater shrimps can pass through the field and the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field can be improved, the temperature can be reduced, and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be reduced. Preferably, the planting density of two sides of the circular ditch is increased, and the marginal advantages are fully exerted.

The aquatic plant comprises one or more of YILECAO, Alternanthera philoxeroides, curly pondweed and hydrilla verticillata.

The area of the aquatic plants is 30-40% of the culture water surface.

(3) Stocking macrobrachium nipponense fries in the last 7 th month;

the stocking number of the macrobrachium nipponensis fries is 4.5-5.2 ten thousand tails per mu.

And (3) disinfecting surrounding ditches by using bleaching powder 7 days before stocking the macrobrachium nipponensis fries, and putting the macrobrachium nipponensis fries when toxicity disappears.

The special compound feed for the macrobrachium nipponense is fed during the breeding period, and the feed is fed along the periphery of the rice field.

And an oxygen increasing air pump is arranged during the breeding period of the macrobrachium nipponense and is communicated with the oxygen increasing disc for increasing oxygen. The machine is started to continuously increase oxygen at night every day and in rainy days to prevent the macrobrachium from oxygen deficiency and floating head.

(4) Harvesting mature rice in the last 10 th month;

(5) collecting the macrobrachium nipponensis on the market from 10 late ten days to 1 month in the next year.

In the comprehensive breeding method of the rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis, disinfection treatment is carried out before breeding the crayfish and the macrobrachium nipponensis fries, and the disinfection method before breeding is 5 percent of salt solution dipping for 5 to 10 minutes or 5ppm of potassium permanganate dipping for 10 to 20 minutes. The stocking time is selected to be carried out in the morning or in the cloudy day in sunny days, and the temperature difference between the cultivation water temperature and the stocking water temperature is not more than 3 ℃; and (5) breeding the seedlings uniformly in the surrounding ditches around the rice field.

The invention has the following technical characteristics:

1. different aquatic culture species cannot be peacefully co-located in the existing continuous cropping and symbiosis comprehensive planting and breeding mode, and the culture benefit is influenced. The macrobrachium nipponense is omnivorous and can live together with crayfishes without influencing the breeding yield of the crayfishes.

2. Macrobrachium nipponensis is widely distributed in rivers, lakes, reservoirs and ponds in China. The macrobrachium nipponensis has strong adaptability, has the characteristics of poor feeding quality, fast growth and strong fecundity, has tender meat quality, is deeply popular in the market, has high market price which can reach 120 yuan/kg generally and 100 plus, and has high economic value. In addition, the macrobrachium nipponensis can resist low temperature and can be put on the market when the market demand is maximum before and after spring festival, so that better economic benefit is obtained.

3. After the crayfishes are bred in the rice field, the diseases and insect pests of the rice are greatly reduced, and the base fertilizer and the shrimp excrement are sufficiently applied, so that the nutrients required by the growth of the rice are rich, and the rice generally does not lack fertilizer during the growth of the rice, so that the consumption of pesticides and fertilizers can be reduced, and the crayfishes have the advantage of ecological environmental protection.

4. The invention effectively expands the planting time and space of the rice field, improves the comprehensive benefit of rice field cultivation, further improves the yield and quality of agricultural products, and realizes the common development of aquaculture and agricultural planting.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.

Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

Selecting field blocks: the water source is sufficient, the water is convenient to feed and drain, the weak alkaline soil is good, and the soil with the substrate pH value lower than 5 or higher than 9.5 is not suitable for culturing the crayfish. The selected rice field requires complete farmland hydraulic engineering matching, water passing, passage and electrification, and is convenient for transportation.

2 blocks of test field are selected to this embodiment, and the paddy field area is 7 mu and 8 mu respectively, excavates the ring ditch along field four sides, can regard as the place that the crayfish kept away the summer-heat when summer high temperature, and the rice is shone the field, is fertilizeed, when spouting the medicine, can regard as the place of hiding, sunshade, perching, and excavation area percentage is below 10% to guarantee that the rice does not reduce the output. The width of the upper surface of the test field circular trench is 2.5 meters, the width of the bottom of the test field circular trench is 1 meter, the depth of the test field circular trench is 1 meter, and the slope ratio is 1: 1.5, and the materials are compacted and tamped without cracking, leaking and collapsing.

And putting crayfish seedlings in the circumferential ring ditches of the rice field in late 3 months. Before breeding, the crayfish seedlings are soaked in 5% salt water for 10 minutes, and the temperature difference between breeding water temperature and throwing water temperature is not more than 3 ℃. 22.5 kilograms of crayfish are put in each mu on average, the specification is 200 plus 240 tails/kilogram (the average price of the crayfish seeds is 16 yuan/jin), and 4500-5400 tails/mu of crayfish seeds are put in each mu on average. The crayfish is fed with the compound feed with high protein content in the season of vigorous growth for 4-5 months, and the compound feed is fed according to 8-10 percent of the total weight of the crayfish. The feeding is carried out for 1 time in the morning and evening of each day, and the feeding accounts for 70 percent of the feeding amount in the whole day. After about 2 months of cultivation, the harvest starts to be sold on the market after the harvest starts to be large and small in 5 months, and the harvest is finished in the last ten days of 6 months. After most of the crayfishes are sold, slowly lowering the water level until the water level is exposed out of the field plate, and hiding the rest crayfishes in the circular ditch along with the lowering of the water level; the land surface is ploughed by a rotary cultivator.

Planting hybrid rice 3 of Jiayou Zhongke in the middle 6 th month, after the rice seedlings are exposed to the sun in the last 6 th month, cleaning and disinfecting the peripheral groove of the rice field, adding water to the surface of the field for 20 cm before throwing the seedlings, and transplanting part of aquatic plants such as YILEZAO, Alternanthera philoxeroides and the like.

Disinfecting surrounding ditches with bleaching powder 7 days before stocking shrimp seeds, stocking Taihu lake No. 2 macrobrachium nipponensis with specifications of 6000-7000 tails/kg in the last ten days of 7 months in a high-temperature period in summer after toxicity disappears, stocking 7.5 kg of shrimp seeds per mu, stocking 4.5-5.2 million tails/mu of macrobrachium nipponensis seeds in terms of mu, feeding special shrimp compound feed during the cultivation period, and feeding the feed along the periphery of a rice field. During the culture period, an oxygenation air pump is matched to communicate with the nano oxygenation plates through a PVC plastic pipe for oxygenation, the number of the nano oxygenation plates is calculated according to 3-4 per mu, and the machine is started to continuously oxygenate at night every day and on rainy days so as to prevent the macrobrachium from oxygen deficiency and floating head. And the summer and the autumn of 7-10 months are the season of feeding and vigorous growth of the macrobrachium nipponensis, and the macrobrachium nipponensis is fed according to 3-5 percent of the total weight of the macrobrachium nipponensis. The feeding can be carried out every other day in winter, and the feeding is not carried out in low-temperature seasons. The feed amount fed each time is finished in 2 hours. The feeding amount should be reduced when the food is not eaten for more than 2 hours.

Harvesting mature rice in late 10 months, and reducing the fertilizer consumption (20 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and 7.5 kg/mu of urea) by 54.2% compared with the original single rice planting amount in the whole comprehensive planting and breeding production process of the test field; compared with the prior rice pesticide which is planted singly and has 8 times, the amount of the pesticide used is calculated by 72 g for 6 times, and the amount of the pesticide used is reduced by 64.9 percent. The yield per mu of the rice still reaches 625 kilograms per mu, and is almost the same as the yield per mu of the original single rice planting.

After the macrobrachium nipponensis is cultured for 4 months for 11 months, most of the macrobrachium nipponensis reaches the specification of coming into the market (the body length reaches 4-5 cm), and the macrobrachium nipponensis is collected.

The rice-crayfish-macrobrachium nipponensis comprehensive breeding method has the following profit conditions:

the profit and yield condition of the macrobrachium nipponensis is as follows: the yield per mu of the macrobrachium nipponensis is 14.2 kilograms, the yield per mu is 1704 yuan according to 120 yuan/kilogram, the profit per mu is 525.2 yuan except 1178.8 yuan per mu of cost of seedlings, feed, electricity charge and the like, and the comprehensive economic benefit is improved by 31.2 percent.

Secondly, the profit situation of the crayfish: the average yield per mu of the crayfish is 106 kilograms, the average price is 25.6 yuan/kilogram, the yield per mu is 2706 yuan, and the cost per mu is as follows: 720 yuan/mu of shrimp seeds, 385 yuan/mu of feed, 155 yuan/mu of water adjusting agent (amino acid fertilizer water paste), 250 yuan/mu of labor, 50 yuan/mu of water and electricity cost, 1560 yuan/mu of total cost and 1146 yuan/mu of profit.

③ profit of rice: the yield value of the rice is as follows: 625 kilograms/mu multiplied by 2.7 yuan/kilogram to 1687.5 yuan/mu; the cost of rice is as follows: renting 850 yuan/mu, rice seeds 2 kg/mu (artificial transplanting) multiplied by 76 yuan/kg (hybrid rice seeds) 152 yuan/mu, tractor ploughing 90 yuan/mu, artificial planting 200 yuan/mu, chemical fertilizer pesticide 100 yuan/mu (chemical fertilizer 50 yuan, pesticide 50 yuan), managing 50 yuan/mu, harvesting 50 yuan/mu, water cost 20 yuan/mu, and totaling 1512 yuan/mu; profit of rice: 1688 yuan/mu-1512 yuan/mu-176 yuan/mu. The country subsidizes 360 yuan/mu, and the profit of planting rice is 176 yuan/mu +360 yuan/mu-536 yuan/mu.

Fourthly, the comprehensive economic benefit is improved: (1) the mu cost is as follows: 7.5 kilograms of Japanese pond crayfish larvae per mu multiplied by 120 yuan per kilogram and 41 kilograms of feed multiplied by 6.8 yuan per kilogram which is 1178.8 yuan; (2) the output value per mu is: the yield of the macrobrachium nipponensis per mu is 14.2 kilograms/mu multiplied by 120 yuan/kilogram to 1704 yuan; (3) profit per mu: 1704 yuan-1178.8 yuan is 525.2 yuan; (4) the comprehensive economic benefit is improved: 525.2 yuan/mu/1682 yuan/mu x 100% ═ 31.2%.

In conclusion, the comprehensive planting and breeding method of rice, crayfish and macrobrachium nipponensis can reduce the usage amount of pesticide and chemical fertilizer, effectively expand the time and space of the rice field and improve the comprehensive benefit of rice fishing planting and breeding.

The above description of the embodiments is only intended to facilitate the understanding of the method of the invention and its core ideas. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, it is possible to make various improvements and modifications to the present invention without departing from the principle of the present invention, and those improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of the present invention as defined in the appended claims.