阅读说明：本技术 一种建筑机电安装用管道支吊架 (Pipeline supporting and hanging frame for building electromechanical installation ) 是由 曹景国 张赫 李丹 周佳宾 王宇博 李长玉 武良良 于 2021-11-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种建筑机电安装用管道支吊架,包括承接板,所述承接板上对称设有两个支撑板,每个所述支撑板上开设有条形槽,每个所述条形槽内转动连接有螺纹杆,所述承接板靠近多个螺纹杆的部分分别开设有内槽一。本发明的优点在于,利用承接板可以对管道进行承接,同时通过螺纹杆和螺套可以带动压板下移对管道固定,而工作人员可以将电磁铁卡接在电磁槽内使密封腔内的磁流变液变成固体,以便固定杆带动丝杠转动,进而使夹持板对管道进行夹持,当夹持板完成夹持后,撤掉电磁铁,固定杆和丝杠之间又恢复转动连接,固定杆不会带动丝杠转动,以此可以从多方位对管道进行固定,且结构简单,固定操作便捷,便于管道的安装拆卸。(The invention discloses a pipeline supporting and hanging bracket for electromechanical installation of a building, which comprises a bearing plate, wherein two supporting plates are symmetrically arranged on the bearing plate, a strip-shaped groove is formed in each supporting plate, a threaded rod is rotatably connected in each strip-shaped groove, and an inner groove I is formed in the part, close to the plurality of threaded rods, of the bearing plate. The pipeline fixing device has the advantages that the pipeline can be supported by the supporting plate, the pressing plate can be driven to move downwards through the threaded rod and the threaded sleeve to fix the pipeline, the electromagnet can be clamped in the electromagnetic groove by a worker to enable magnetorheological fluid in the sealing cavity to become solid, so that the fixing rod drives the screw rod to rotate, the pipeline is clamped by the clamping plate, after the clamping plate is clamped, the electromagnet is removed, the fixing rod and the screw rod are rotationally connected, the fixing rod cannot drive the screw rod to rotate, the pipeline can be fixed from multiple directions, the structure is simple, the fixing operation is convenient, and the pipeline can be installed and disassembled conveniently.)

1. A pipeline supporting and hanging bracket for building machinery electrical installation comprises a bearing plate (1), wherein two supporting plates (2) are symmetrically arranged on the bearing plate (1), and is characterized in that each supporting plate (2) is provided with a strip-shaped groove (3), each strip-shaped groove (3) is rotatably connected with a threaded rod (4), the part, close to a plurality of threaded rods (4), of the bearing plate (1) is respectively provided with a first internal groove (5), the plurality of threaded rods (4) respectively extend into the first internal groove (5) and are fixedly connected with a first bevel gear (6), a second bevel gear (7) meshed with the first bevel gear (6) is further rotatably connected in the first internal groove (5), the bearing plate (1) is further provided with a second internal groove (8), the second internal groove (8) is symmetrically provided with two third bevel gears (9), and the plurality of third bevel gears (9) are fixedly connected with the plurality of second bevel gears (7) through fixing rods (10), the fixing rods (10) are rotatably connected with the bearing plate (1), bevel gears four (11) meshed with the bevel gears three (9) are rotatably connected in the inner groove two (8), each threaded rod (4) is rotatably connected with a threaded sleeve (12) through threads, each threaded sleeve (12) is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve (13), the sliding sleeves (13) are slidably connected with the threaded rods (4), a pressing plate (14) is fixedly connected between the two sliding sleeves (13), two grooves (15) are further formed in the part, close to the fixing rods (10), of the bearing plate (1), a lead screw (16) is sleeved on the part, close to the grooves (15), of each fixing rod (10), the lead screw (16) is rotatably and hermetically connected with the fixing rod (10), and a sealing cavity (17) is formed between the lead screw (16) and the fixing rod (10), be equipped with magnetorheological suspensions in sealed chamber (17), every the cover is equipped with screw sleeve (18) on lead screw (16), every fixedly connected with grip block (19) on screw sleeve (18), slide groove (20) have still been seted up on clamp plate (14), and are a plurality of slide groove (20) are run through to grip block (19), a plurality of electromagnetism groove (21) have still been seted up on accepting board (1).

2. The pipeline supporting and hanging bracket for the electromechanical installation of building as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side wall of the sliding groove (20) is further symmetrically provided with two fixing plates (22), each fixing plate (22) is further provided with a clamping groove (23), the side wall of each clamping plate (19) is symmetrically provided with a clamping plate (24) matched with the clamping groove (23), the part of the clamping plate (19) close to the clamping plate (24) is provided with a containing groove, each containing groove is further provided with a plurality of first telescopic grooves (25), each first telescopic groove (25) is connected with a first telescopic rod (27) through a first spring (26) in a clamping manner, and the plurality of first telescopic rods (27) in the same containing groove are fixedly connected with one clamping plate (24).

3. The pipeline supporting and hanging bracket for the electromechanical installation of the building as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that a sliding barrel (28) is provided in each threaded rod (4), a sliding way (29) is provided on the side wall of the threaded rod (4), the length of the sliding way (29) is less than half of the length of the sliding barrel (28), a sliding rod (30) is fixedly connected to each sleeve, a plurality of sliding rods (30) respectively penetrate through the sliding way (29), a piston plate (31) is fixedly connected to the sliding rods (30), a plurality of second telescopic slots (32) are provided on the side wall of the sliding slot (20), a second telescopic rod (34) is connected to each second telescopic slot (32) in a clamping manner through a second spring (33), a plurality of second telescopic rods (34) are respectively fixedly connected to the two fixing plates (22), and piston slots (35) are further provided at four corners of the pressing plate (14) close to the sliding slot (20), every be connected with piston block (36) through three (40) joints of spring in piston groove (35), the lateral wall fixedly connected with connecting rod of piston block (36), one end fixedly connected with toper piece (37) of connecting rod, it is a plurality of toper piece (37) are relative with the gap between a plurality of fixed plates (22) and spout (20) respectively, piston groove (35) and slide cartridge (28) are through communicating pipe (38) intercommunication, sealing connection has elasticity sealing tube (44) between piston block (36) and communicating pipe (38) be equipped with check valve (39) in communicating pipe (38).

4. The pipe support and hanger for the electrical installation of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that a fixing plate (41) is fixedly connected to one end of the supporting plate (2), and the fixing plate (41) is connected to a ceiling or a fixed wall.

5. The pipe hanger for the electromechanical installation of buildings according to claim 1, characterized in that the clamping grooves (23) on both sides of the cross section of the pressing plate (14) are symmetrical to each other, and the moving directions of the two clamping plates (19) are opposite.

6. The pipe hanger for mounting electric installation in building machinery according to claim 1, wherein the bevel gear four (11) has a short bar (42) fixedly connected to a side wall thereof, and the short bar (42) penetrates through the inner groove two (8) and is fixedly connected with a handle (43).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pipeline supporting and hanging frames, in particular to a pipeline supporting and hanging frame for building electromechanical installation.

Background

A pipeline gallows often need be used to fix the pipeline in building electromechanical installation, but a present pipeline gallows only has the effect of bearing the weight of the pipeline, be not convenient for to fine fixed to the pipeline, consequently the pipeline easily takes place the activity, although designed some among the prior art can be to a pipeline fixed gallows, but the fixed effect of device is not good, then to set up different gallows to the pipeline of equidimension not simultaneously, convenient to use, be difficult for fixing to great pipeline, and prior art is to more troublesome when fixed to the pipeline, be difficult for dismantling the pipeline installation, be not convenient for be under construction.

To this end, we propose a pipe support hanger for building electromechanical installation to solve the above problems.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems that a supporting and hanging bracket in the prior art is poor in fixing effect and not easy to mount and dismount, and the like, and provides a pipeline supporting and hanging bracket for building electromechanical installation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a pipeline supporting and hanging bracket for the electromechanical installation of a building comprises a bearing plate, wherein two supporting plates are symmetrically arranged on the bearing plate, a strip-shaped groove is formed in each supporting plate, a threaded rod is rotationally connected in each strip-shaped groove, a first inner groove is formed in the part, close to the plurality of threaded rods, of the bearing plate, the plurality of threaded rods respectively extend into the first inner groove and are fixedly connected with a first bevel gear, a second bevel gear meshed with the first bevel gear is further rotationally connected in the first inner groove, a second inner groove is further formed in the bearing plate, two third bevel gears are symmetrically arranged in the inner grooves, the third bevel gears are fixedly connected with the second bevel gears through fixing rods, the fixing rods are rotationally connected with the bearing plate, a fourth bevel gear meshed with the third bevel gears is rotationally connected in the second inner groove, and each threaded rod is rotationally connected with a screw sleeve through threads, every swivel nut fixedly connected with sliding sleeve, sliding sleeve and threaded rod sliding connection, two fixedly connected with clamp plate between the sliding sleeve, accept the part that is close to a plurality of dead levers on the board and still seted up two recesses, every the partial cover that the dead lever is close to the recess is equipped with the lead screw, the lead screw with rotate sealing connection between the dead lever, the lead screw with be equipped with sealed chamber between the dead lever, be equipped with magnetorheological suspensions in the sealed chamber, every the cover is equipped with the silk cover on the lead screw, every fixedly connected with grip block on the silk cover, still seted up the spout on the clamp plate, it is a plurality of the grip block runs through the spout, it has still seted up a plurality of electromagnetic grooves on the board to accept.

Preferably, the lateral wall of spout still symmetry is equipped with two fixed plates, every still seted up the joint groove on the fixed plate, every the lateral wall symmetry of grip block is equipped with the joint board that matches with the joint groove, the grip block has been close to the part of joint board and has been seted up and has been accomodate the groove, every accomodate the inslot and still seted up a plurality of flexible groove one, every flexible groove one is connected with telescopic link one through a spring joint, and is same accomodate a plurality of in the groove one telescopic link one and a joint board fixed connection.

Preferably, each threaded rod is internally provided with a sliding barrel, the side wall of each threaded rod is provided with a slide way, the length of each slide way is less than half of that of the sliding barrel, each sleeve is fixedly connected with a slide rod, a plurality of slide rods respectively penetrate through the slide way, the slide rods are fixedly connected with piston plates, the side wall of each slide way is also provided with a plurality of telescopic grooves II, each telescopic groove II is internally connected with a telescopic rod II through a spring II clamp joint, the telescopic rods II are respectively and fixedly connected with two fixed plates, the press plates are also provided with piston grooves close to four corners of the slide ways, each piston groove is internally connected with a piston block through a spring III clamp joint, the side wall of each piston block is fixedly connected with a connecting rod, one end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected with a conical block, the conical blocks are respectively opposite to gaps between the fixed plates and the slide ways, and the piston grooves are communicated with the sliding barrels through communicating pipes, an elastic sealing pipe is hermetically connected between the piston block and the communicating pipe, and a one-way valve is arranged in the communicating pipe.

Preferably, one end of the supporting plate is fixedly connected with a fixing plate, and the fixing plate is connected with a ceiling or a fixing wall.

Preferably, the clamping grooves on two sides of the section in the pressing plate are symmetrical, and the moving directions of the two clamping plates are opposite.

Preferably, the side wall of the bevel gear IV is fixedly connected with a short rod, and the short rod penetrates through the inner groove II and is fixedly connected with a handle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the pipeline can be supported by the supporting plate, meanwhile, the pressing plate can be driven to move downwards through the threaded rod and the threaded sleeve to fix the pipeline, the electromagnet can be clamped in the electromagnetic groove by a worker to enable magnetorheological fluid in the sealing cavity to become solid, so that the fixing rod drives the screw rod to rotate, the pipeline is clamped by the clamping plate, after the clamping plate finishes clamping, the electromagnet is removed, the fixing rod and the screw rod are restored to be rotationally connected, the fixing rod cannot drive the screw rod to rotate, the pipeline can be fixed from multiple directions, and the pipeline supporting device is simple in structure, convenient to fix and operate and convenient to install and disassemble the pipeline;

2. the clamping groove and the clamping plate are connected to ensure the stability of the clamping plate, the phenomenon that the clamping effect of the clamping plate is reduced due to shaking of a lead screw or automatic rotation of an external force is avoided, so that the fixing effect of a pipeline is ensured, the air in the piston groove can be sucked out by utilizing structures such as a sliding cylinder and a piston plate, so that the piston block is subjected to pressure movement, the conical block is returned to the sliding groove, at the moment, the two fixing plates move towards two sides under the restoring force of the first spring, the clamping groove is separated from the force clamping plate, so that the clamping plate and the pressing plate are unfolded when the pipeline needs to be dismounted, and the pipeline is convenient to dismount;

3. be convenient for fix the device on ceiling or fixed wall through the stationary blade, the mutual symmetry in joint groove on the fixed plate so that two grip blocks can relative motion to the centre gripping pipeline utilizes quarter butt and handle to make things convenient for people to operate clamp plate and grip block, therefore people when the installation or when dismantling the pipeline, only need rotate the handle can, convenient operation is swift.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a pipe support and hanger for electromechanical installation of a building according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic side view of a pipe support and hanger for electrical installation in a building according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a pipe hanger for electrical installation in a building according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a pressing plate and a fixing plate in a pipe support hanger for electromechanical installation of a building according to the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a pressing plate in a pipe support and hanger for the electrical installation of a building according to the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a clamping plate and a thread sleeve in a pipe support hanger for electromechanical installation of a building according to the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of a second telescopic rod and a second telescopic slot in the pipe support and hanger for building electromechanical installation according to the present invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of a seal cavity, a lead screw and other structures in a pipeline support hanger for electromechanical installation of a building, which is provided by the invention.

In the figure: 1 bearing plate, 2 supporting plates, 3 strip-shaped grooves, 4 threaded rods, 5 internal groove I, 6 bevel gear I, 7 bevel gear II, 8 internal groove II, 9 bevel gear III, 10 fixing rods, 11 bevel gear IV, 12 thread sleeves, 13 sliding sleeves, 14 pressing plates, 15 grooves, 16 lead screws, 17 sealing cavities, 18 thread sleeves, 19 clamping plates, 20 sliding grooves, 21 electromagnetic grooves, 22 fixing plates, 23 clamping grooves, 24 clamping plates, 25 telescopic groove I, 26 spring I, 27 telescopic rod I, 28 sliding cylinders, 29 sliding ways, 30 sliding rods, 31 piston plates, 32 telescopic groove II, 33 spring II, 34 telescopic rod II, 35 piston grooves, 36 piston blocks, 37 conical blocks, 38 communicating pipes, 39 one-way valves, 40 spring III, 41 fixing plates, 42 short rods, 43 handles and 44 elastic sealing pipes.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments.

Referring to fig. 1-8, a pipeline supporting and hanging bracket for building electromechanical installation comprises a bearing plate 1, two support plates 2 are symmetrically arranged on the bearing plate 1, a strip-shaped groove 3 is arranged on each support plate 2, a threaded rod 4 is rotatably connected in each strip-shaped groove 3, an inner groove 5 is respectively arranged on the part of the bearing plate 1 close to a plurality of threaded rods 4, the plurality of threaded rods 4 respectively extend into the inner groove 5 and are fixedly connected with a bevel gear I6, a bevel gear II 7 meshed with the bevel gear I6 is also rotatably connected in the inner groove I5, an inner groove II 8 is also arranged in the bearing plate 1, two bevel gears III 9 are symmetrically arranged in the inner groove II 8, the plurality of bevel gears III 9 are fixedly connected with the plurality of bevel gears II 7 through a fixed rod 10, the fixed rod 10 is rotatably connected with the inner groove bearing plate 1, a bevel gear IV 11 meshed with the plurality of bevel gears III 9 is rotatably connected in the inner groove II 8, a threaded rod 12 is rotatably connected on each threaded rod 4 through threads, each screw sleeve 12 is fixedly connected with a sliding sleeve 13, each sliding sleeve 13 is in sliding connection with the threaded rod 4, a pressing plate 14 is fixedly connected between the two sliding sleeves 13, two grooves 15 are further formed in the part, close to the plurality of fixing rods 10, of each bearing plate 1, a lead screw 16 is sleeved on the part, close to the grooves 15, of each fixing rod 10, the lead screw 16 is in rotary sealing connection with the fixing rod 10, a sealing cavity 17 is formed between the lead screw 16 and the fixing rod 10, magnetorheological fluid is arranged in the sealing cavity 17, a screw sleeve 18 is sleeved on each lead screw 16, a clamping plate 19 is fixedly connected to each screw sleeve 18, a sliding groove 20 is further formed in the pressing plate 14, the plurality of clamping plates 19 penetrate through the sliding groove 20, and a plurality of electromagnetic grooves 21 are further formed in the bearing plate 1;

the pipeline can be received by the receiving plate 1, meanwhile, the pressing plate 14 can be driven to move downwards through the threaded rod 4 and the threaded sleeve 12 to fix the pipeline, a worker can clamp the electromagnet in the electromagnetic groove 21 to enable magnetorheological fluid in the sealed cavity 17 to become solid, so that the fixing rod 10 drives the screw rod 16 to rotate, the clamping plate 19 clamps the pipeline, after the clamping plate 19 finishes clamping, the electromagnet is removed, the rotary connection between the fixing rod 10 and the screw rod 16 is restored, the fixing rod 10 cannot drive the screw rod 16 to rotate, the pipeline can be fixed from multiple directions, and the pipeline fixing device is simple in structure, convenient to fix and operate and convenient to install and detach the pipeline;

the side wall of the sliding chute 20 is symmetrically provided with two fixing plates 22, each fixing plate 22 is also provided with a clamping groove 23, the side wall of each clamping plate 19 is symmetrically provided with a clamping plate 24 matched with the clamping groove 23, the part of each clamping plate 19, which is close to the clamping plate 24, is provided with a containing groove, each containing groove is also provided with a plurality of first telescopic grooves 25, each first telescopic groove 25 is connected with a first telescopic rod 27 in a clamping manner through a first spring 26, the plurality of first telescopic rods 27 in the same containing groove are fixedly connected with one clamping plate 24, each threaded rod 4 is internally provided with a sliding barrel 28, the side wall of each threaded rod 4 is provided with a sliding way 29, the length of the sliding way 29 is less than half of that of the sliding barrel 28, each sleeve is fixedly connected with a sliding rod 30, the plurality of sliding rods 30 respectively penetrate through the sliding way 29, a piston plate 31 is fixedly connected to the sliding rods 30, the side wall of the sliding chute 20 is also provided with a plurality of second telescopic grooves 32, and a second telescopic rod 34 is connected to the second telescopic groove 32 in a clamping manner through a second spring 33, the plurality of second telescopic rods 34 are respectively and fixedly connected with the two fixing plates 22, piston grooves 35 are further formed in four corners, close to the sliding chute 20, of the pressing plate 14, a piston block 36 is connected in each piston groove 35 in a clamping mode through a third spring 40, a connecting rod is fixedly connected to the side wall of each piston block 36, one end of each connecting rod is fixedly connected with a conical block 37, the plurality of conical blocks 37 are respectively opposite to gaps between the plurality of fixing plates 22 and the sliding chute 20, the piston grooves 35 are communicated with the sliding barrel 28 through communicating pipes 38, and elastic sealing pipes 44 are connected between the piston blocks 36 and the communicating pipes 38 in a sealing mode, and one-way valves 39 are arranged in the communicating pipes 38;

the clamping groove 23 and the clamping plate 24 are clamped to ensure the stability of the clamping plate 19, the phenomenon that the clamping effect of the clamping plate 19 is reduced due to shaking or automatic rotation of external force caused by the lead screw 16 is avoided, so that the fixing effect of the pipeline is ensured, the structures such as the sliding cylinder 28 and the piston plate 31 can suck air in the piston groove 35 to enable the piston block 36 to move under pressure, so that the conical block 37 returns to the sliding groove 20, at the moment, the two fixing plates 22 move towards two sides under the restoring force of the first spring 26, so that the clamping groove 23 is separated from the clamping plate 24, when the pipeline needs to be dismounted, the clamping plate 19 and the pressing plate 14 are unfolded, and the pipeline is convenient to dismount;

one end of the supporting plate 2 is fixedly connected with a fixing piece 41, the fixing piece 41 is connected with a ceiling or a fixed wall, clamping grooves 23 on two sides of the section in the pressing plate 14 are mutually symmetrical, the moving directions of the two clamping plates 19 are opposite, the side wall of the bevel gear four 11 is fixedly connected with a short rod 42, and the short rod 42 penetrates through the inner groove two 8 and is fixedly connected with a handle 43; through stationary blade 41 be convenient for fix the device on ceiling or fixed wall, the mutual symmetry of joint groove 23 on fixed plate 22 so that two grip blocks 19 can relative motion to the centre gripping pipeline utilizes quarter butt 42 and handle 43 to make things convenient for people to operate clamp plate 14 and grip block 19, therefore people when the installation or when dismantling the pipeline, only need rotate handle 43 can, convenient operation is swift.

When the invention is used, the supporting plate 2 and the bearing plate 1 are fixed on a ceiling through the fixing piece 41, a worker places a pipeline on the bearing plate 1, then the electromagnet is clamped in the electromagnetic groove 21, magnetorheological fluid in the sealed cavity 17 becomes solid under the action of a magnetic field, at the moment, the worker rotates the handle 43 so that the bevel gear IV 11 drives the fixed rod 10 to rotate through the bevel gears III 9, the fixed rod 10 drives the lead screw 16 to rotate through the solid magnetorheological fluid, the lead screw 16 drives the clamping plate 19 to be simultaneously drawn close to the middle through the screw sleeve 18 so as to clamp the pipeline, the fixed rod 10 drives the lead screw 16 to rotate and simultaneously drives the bevel gear II 7 to rotate, so that the bevel gear II 7 drives the bevel gear I6 to rotate, the bevel gear I6 drives the threaded rod 4 to rotate, and because the two screw sleeves 12 are fixed on the pressing plate 14 through the sliding sleeve 13, the screw sleeves 12 cannot rotate along with the threaded rod 4, the threaded sleeve 12 moves downwards along the threaded rod 4, so that the pressing plate 14 extrudes and fixes the pipeline, the stability of the pipeline is improved, the pressing plate 14 is arranged in front of the pipeline in an extruding mode through the set size, the two clamping devices firstly complete extrusion on the pressing plate 14, the electromagnet in the electromagnetic groove 21 can be removed at the moment, magnetorheological fluid in the sealed cavity 17 becomes liquid, the fixed rod 10 cannot drive the screw rod 16 to rotate, the fixed rod 10 continues to rotate at the moment, and the pressing plate 14 extrudes the pipeline to complete fixing of the pipeline;

when the clamping plate 19 moves, the clamping plate 24 is clamped with the clamping groove 23, the clamping plate 19 can only move towards the direction close to each other under the action of the clamping groove 23, therefore, the clamping plate 19 is not easy to return after being clamped and fixed, the clamping stability of the clamping plate 19 is ensured, when the pipeline needs to be disassembled, the handle 43 is reversely rotated, the piston plate 31 moves upwards in the sliding cylinder 28 at the moment, the air pressure in the piston plate 31 is reduced, air in the piston groove 35 is sucked out, the piston block 36 moves towards the piston groove 35, the piston block 36 drives the conical block 37 to move, the conical block 37 does not abut against the fixing plates 22 any more, therefore, the two fixing plates 22 reset under the action of the first spring 26, the clamping groove 23 and the clamping plate 24 are separated from clamping, at the moment, the clamping plate 19 can move towards two sides, then an operator clamps the electromagnet with the electromagnetic groove 21, and the variable liquid becomes solid, so as to ensure that the fixing rod 10 can drive the screw rod 16 to rotate, thereby driving the clamping plate 19 to be separated towards two sides, and facilitating the pipeline disassembly.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.