阅读说明：本技术 一种精确加工舵杆锥度的检测方法 (Detection method for accurately machining rudder stock taper ) 是由 尚向芬 刘洋 钱峰 秦海方 郝洋 吕璐璐 陈艳红 孙震海 于 2021-03-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及精确加工舵杆锥度的检测技术领域,本发明公开了一种精确加工舵杆锥度的检测方法,步骤一、舵杆的固定；步骤二、舵杆大端锥面直径的测量；步骤三、舵杆锥度的确定；步骤四、直角三角形Ac边的长度计算；步骤五、舵杆小端锥面直径的理论计算；步骤六、舵杆小端锥面直径的测量；步骤七、小端锥面测量直径与理论直径的验证。该发明提高了对舵杆1:15锥度的精加工精度,提高了加工效率,满足了舵杆1:15锥度75%接触面的要求,同时降低了检测工具的投入成本。(The invention relates to the technical field of detection for accurately machining the taper of a rudder stock, and discloses a method for detecting the taper of the rudder stock, which comprises the following steps of fixing the rudder stock; step two, measuring the diameter of the large-end conical surface of the rudder stock; step three, determining the taper of the rudder stock; step four, calculating the length of the Ac side of the right triangle; step five, theoretical calculation of the diameter of the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock; measuring the diameter of a conical surface at the small end of the rudder stock; and seventhly, verifying the measured diameter and the theoretical diameter of the small-end conical surface. The invention improves the finish machining precision of the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock, improves the machining efficiency, meets the requirement of a 75% contact surface of the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock and simultaneously reduces the investment cost of a detection tool.)

1. A method for detecting the taper of a precisely machined rudder stock is characterized by comprising the following steps: step one, fixing a rudder stock: fixing a rudder stock to be processed on a lathe to keep the rudder stock horizontal; step two, measuring the diameter of the large-end conical surface of the rudder stock: after the first step is finished, a measuring head of the micrometer is perpendicular to the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock, and the diameter AA' of the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock is measured; step three, determining the taper of the rudder stock: rudder stock taper = (large end cone diameter-small end cone diameter)/frustum length, i.e., K = (D-D)/L =2tg α; according to the geometrical relation alpha is half of the taper K of 1:15, namely tg alpha = (1/2) × (1/15); in the formula: k is the taper, D is the diameter of the large-end conical surface mm, D is the diameter of the small-end conical surface mm, and L is the length of the frustum; step four, calculating the length of the Ac side of the right triangle; in the right triangle (Rt Δ Abc), tg α = Ac/bc so Ac = bc × tg α, bc = L-Bb, and Ac = (L-Bb) × tg α is further derived; in the formula: bb is the diameter of a measuring head of the micrometer, and the length of the Ac side of the right triangle is calculated according to the formula Ac = (L-Bb) multiplied by tg alpha under the condition that tg alpha and L are known according to the formula; step five, theoretical calculation of the diameter of the taper surface of the small end of the rudder stock: taking the Ac length calculated in the fourth step as a known length, and obtaining the length of Ac + A 'C' obtained by subtracting 2 times from the diameter AA 'of the conical surface at the large end of the rudder stock measured in the second step as the diameter bb' of the conical surface at the small end of the rudder stock; step six, measuring the diameter of the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock: firstly, placing an annular cushion block on the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock by hand, then attaching a measuring head of a micrometer to the annular cushion block in parallel, keeping the measuring head of the micrometer perpendicular to the conical surface, and measuring the length of the conical surface diameter bb' of the small end of the rudder stock by using the measuring head of the micrometer; step seven, verifying the measured diameter and the theoretical diameter of the small-end conical surface: and comparing and verifying the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, and when the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step is identical with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, determining the feed amount of the lathe in the taper finish machining process of the rudder stock by taking the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step as a finish machining basis.

2. The method for detecting the precise taper of the rudder stock according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the right triangle delta Abc is equal to the right triangle delta A ' b ' C ' according to mathematical geometry.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of detection for accurately machining the taper of a rudder stock, in particular to a method for detecting the taper of the rudder stock.

Background

The rudder stock is a shaft for rotating the rudder blade and is used for bearing and transmitting force acting on the rudder blade and force of the rudder for turning the rudder device, namely the rudder blade is rotated by the rudder stock, and the rudder blade bearing reacting force on the rudder blade to steer the ship. The rudder stock is a member that bears torque and bending moment caused by rudder pressure. The rudder stock should have sufficient strength.

The rudder stock is an important key part on the ship, so the requirement of the client on the machining precision of the rudder stock is more severe. The taper of two ends of a rudder stock required by a client is a 1:15 conical surface, and the requirement of contact of 75% of the 1:15 taper is ensured, according to the specific requirements of the client, the problem mainly existing in the prior art of finish machining the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock is as follows: the special measuring tool for detecting the 1:15 taper is not arranged on a workshop site, and due to the fact that customers need tight goods, in order to ensure the supply time and save the input cost of the detecting tool, the inventor summarizes and provides a method for detecting the precise machining of the taper of the rudder stock according to the fine machining requirement of the customers on the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock, and can well solve the technical problems in the prior art.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides a method for detecting the taper of a precisely machined rudder stock, which aims at the finish machining requirement of the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock, combines the finish machining process of the taper, calculates the diameter of the small end of the taper of the rudder stock according to the geometric relation and the functional relation under the condition of utilizing a single micrometer to measure a tool, and simultaneously determines the feed amount in the finish machining process of the taper of the rudder stock according to the diameter of the large end of the conical surface directly measured by the micrometer.

The invention provides a method for detecting the taper of a precisely machined rudder stock, which comprises the following steps:

step one, fixing a rudder stock: fixing a rudder stock to be processed on a lathe to keep the rudder stock horizontal;

step two, measuring the diameter of the large-end conical surface of the rudder stock: after the first step is finished, a measuring head of the micrometer is perpendicular to the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock, and the diameter AA' of the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock is measured;

step three, determining the taper of the rudder stock: rudder stock taper = (large end cone diameter-small end cone diameter)/frustum length, i.e., K = (D-D)/L =2tg α; according to the geometrical relation alpha is half of the taper K of 1:15, namely tg alpha = (1/2) × (1/15);

in the formula: k is the taper, D is the diameter of the large-end conical surface mm, D is the diameter of the small-end conical surface mm, and L is the length of the frustum;

step four, calculating the length of the Ac side of the right triangle; in the right triangle (Rt Δ Abc), tg α = Ac/bc so Ac = bc × tg α, bc = L-Bb, and Ac = (L-Bb) × tg α is further derived; in the formula: bb is the diameter of a measuring head of the micrometer, and the length of the Ac side of the right triangle is calculated according to the formula Ac = (L-Bb) multiplied by tg alpha under the condition that tg alpha and L are known according to the formula;

step five, theoretical calculation of the diameter of the taper surface of the small end of the rudder stock: taking the Ac length calculated in the fourth step as a known length, and using the Ac + A ' C ' length obtained by subtracting 2 times from the diameter AA ' of the conical surface at the large end of the rudder stock measured in the second step as the diameter bb of the conical surface at the small end of the rudder stock;

step six, measuring the diameter of the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock: firstly, placing an annular cushion block on the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock by hand, then attaching a measuring head of a micrometer to the annular cushion block in parallel, keeping the measuring head of the micrometer perpendicular to the conical surface, and measuring the length of the conical surface diameter bb' of the small end of the rudder stock by using the measuring head of the micrometer;

step seven, verifying the measured diameter and the theoretical diameter of the small-end conical surface: and comparing and verifying the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, and when the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step is identical with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, determining the feed amount of the lathe in the taper finish machining process of the rudder stock by taking the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step as a finish machining basis.

In the fourth step, the right triangle Δ Abc is equal to the right triangle Δ a ' b ' C ' according to the mathematical geometry.

In the first step, the rudder stock to be processed is fixed on a lathe, so that the rudder stock is kept horizontal. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the machining precision of the taper of the rudder stock 1/15 can be improved, on the other hand, the precision of the micrometer for measuring the taper diameter bb' of the small end of the rudder stock can be ensured, and the measurement error is reduced.

In the second step, after the first step is finished, the measuring head of the micrometer is perpendicular to the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock, and the diameter AA' of the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock is measured after the measuring head surrounds the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock for a circle. The main purpose of this is: the diameter AA 'of the conical surface at the large end of the rudder stock is measured by using a measuring head of a micrometer, known data are provided for the calculation of the length of an Ac side in a right-angled triangle (Rt delta Abc), and therefore data support is provided for the theoretical indirect calculation of the diameter bb' of the conical surface at the small end of the rudder stock.

In the third step, the rudder stock taper = (large end conical surface diameter-small end conical surface diameter)/frustum length, that is, K = (D-D)/L =2tg α; according to the geometrical relation alpha is half of the taper K of 1:15, namely tg alpha = (1/2) × (1/15); the main purpose of this is: and (3) calculating the degree of the tg alpha by the definition of the taper of the rudder stock and the geometric relationship between the diameter of the large-end conical surface and the diameter of the small-end conical surface.

In the fourth step, in the right triangle (Rt Δ Abc), tg α = Ac/bc so that Ac = bc × tg α, bc = L-Bb, Ac = (L-Bb) × tg α is further derived; in the formula: bb is the diameter of a measuring head of the micrometer, and the length of the Ac side of the right triangle is calculated according to the formula Ac = (L-Bb) multiplied by tg alpha under the condition that tg alpha and L are known according to the formula; the main purpose of this is: and deducing a specific numerical value for calculating the side length of Ac by utilizing the relation between the side lengths of Ac and bc and tg alpha in the right-angle triangle (Rt delta Abc), thereby providing a known specific numerical value for indirectly and theoretically calculating the diameter bb' of the small-end cone of the rudder stock.

In the fifth step, the theoretical calculation of the diameter of the taper surface of the small end of the rudder stock is as follows: taking the Ac length calculated in the fourth step as a known length, and obtaining the length of Ac + A 'C' obtained by subtracting 2 times from the diameter AA 'of the conical surface at the large end of the rudder stock measured in the second step as the diameter bb' of the conical surface at the small end of the rudder stock; the main purpose of this is: according to the geometric relation between the diameter of the large-end conical surface and the diameter of the small-end conical surface, the theoretical value of the diameter bb' of the small-end conical surface of the rudder stock can be indirectly calculated.

In the sixth step, firstly, the annular cushion block is placed on the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock by hand, then the measuring head of the micrometer is attached to the annular cushion block in parallel, the measuring head of the micrometer is kept perpendicular to the conical surface, and the diameter bb' of the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock is measured by using the measuring head of the micrometer; the main purpose of this is: on one hand, the annular cushion block can ensure that the measuring head of the micrometer is vertical to the conical surface, and the length value of the conical surface diameter bb' of the small end of the rudder stock can be accurately measured; on the other hand, the length measurement value of the diameter bb 'of the small end conical surface of the rudder stock is obtained by utilizing the length of the diameter bb' of the small end conical surface of the rudder stock measured by the micrometer measuring head, and a comparison value is provided for comparison and verification of the theoretical diameter bb 'of the small end conical surface of the rudder stock and the measured diameter bb' of the small end conical surface in the seventh step.

And seventhly, comparing and verifying the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, and when the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step is identical with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, determining the feed amount of the lathe in the taper finish machining process of the rudder stock by taking the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step as a finish machining basis. The main purpose of this is: on one hand, the accuracy of the measured diameter bb 'of the small-end conical surface in the sixth step is verified by using the numerical value of the theoretical diameter bb' of the small-end conical surface calculated in the fifth step as a reference standard. On the other hand, the accuracy of the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface of the rudder stock is determined by comparing and verifying the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface of the rudder stock and the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface of the rudder stock, so that the machining accuracy and the machining efficiency of the taper of the rudder stock are improved, the requirement of a contact surface of the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock of 75 percent is met, and the investment cost of a detection tool is reduced.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention provides a detection method for accurately processing the taper of a rudder stock, which is scientific, simple, convenient, practical and highly instructive; the precision machining precision of the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock is improved, the machining efficiency is improved, the requirement of a contact surface with the 1:15 taper of the rudder stock of 75% is met, and meanwhile, the investment cost of a detection tool is reduced.

Description of the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of the calculation of tiller taper of the present invention;

the labels in the figure are: 1. the method comprises the steps of rudder stock, 2, cushion blocks, 3, micrometer side heads, 4, machining taper, 5, large-end conical surface diameter and 6, small-end conical surface diameter.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described below with reference to specific examples, which are provided only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

The invention particularly provides a method for detecting the taper of a precisely machined rudder stock,

step one, fixing a rudder stock: fixing a rudder stock 1 to be processed on a lathe, and keeping the rudder stock 1 horizontal;

step two, measuring the diameter of the large-end conical surface of the rudder stock: after the first step is finished, a micrometer measuring head 3 is perpendicular to the large-end conical surface of the rudder stock 1, and the diameter 5 AA' of the large-end conical surface of the rudder stock 1 is measured;

step three, determining the taper of the rudder stock: rudder stock taper = (large end cone diameter-small end cone diameter)/frustum length, i.e., K = (D-D)/L =2tg α; according to the geometrical relation alpha is half of the taper K of 1:15, namely tg alpha = (1/2) × (1/15);

in the formula: k is the taper, D is the diameter of the large-end conical surface mm, D is the diameter of the small-end conical surface mm, and L is the length of the frustum;

step four, calculating the length of the Ac side of the right triangle; in the right triangle (Rt Δ Abc), tg α = Ac/bc so Ac = bc × tg α, bc = L-Bb, and Ac = (L-Bb) × tg α is further derived; in the formula: bb is the diameter of the measuring head 3 of the micrometer, and the length of the Ac side of the right triangle is calculated according to the formula Ac = (L-Bb) multiplied by tg alpha under the condition that tg alpha and L are known according to the formula;

step five, theoretical calculation of the diameter of the taper surface of the small end of the rudder stock: taking the Ac length calculated in the fourth step as a known length, and subtracting 2 times of Ac + A 'C' length from the diameter 5AA 'of the conical surface of the large end of the rudder stock 1 measured in the second step to obtain the diameter 6 bb' of the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock;

step six, measuring the diameter of the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock: firstly, placing an annular cushion block on the conical surface of the small end of the rudder stock 1 by hand, then attaching a measuring head 3 of a micrometer to the annular cushion block 2 in parallel, keeping the measuring head 3 of the micrometer to be vertical to the conical surface, and measuring the length of the conical surface diameter 6 bb' of the small end of the rudder stock by using the measuring head 3 of the micrometer;

step seven, verifying the measured diameter and the theoretical diameter of the small-end conical surface: and comparing and verifying the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, and when the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step is identical with the measured diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the sixth step, determining the feed amount of the lathe in the process of finish machining the taper 4 of the rudder stock 1 by taking the theoretical diameter bb ' of the small end conical surface calculated in the fifth step as a finish machining basis.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to the above-described embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.