阅读说明：本技术 畸变地质体速度场的校正方法及装置 (Method and device for correcting distorted geologic body velocity field ) 是由 苏勤 王靖 郄树海 吴杰 刘伟明 刘桓 于 2019-11-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种畸变地质体速度场的校正方法及装置,该方法包括：根据地震数据中的振幅参数、同相轴连续性以及波形,分别拾取待校正地质体以及所述待校正地质体上下地质体；对所述待校正地质体发生畸变的部分以及其下的地质体发生畸变的部分进行平滑,以生成平滑结果；根据所述平滑结果对所述待校正地质体以及所述待校正地质体其下的地质体的速度场进行校正。本方法可以同时解决复杂地质体下伏地层深度偏移成像所有畸变问题,提高复杂地质条件深度偏移成像效率。(The invention provides a method and a device for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively picking up a geologic body to be corrected and an upper geologic body and a lower geologic body of the geologic body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data; smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected so as to generate a smoothing result; and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result. The method can simultaneously solve all distortion problems of depth migration imaging of the underburden of the complex geologic body, and improve the depth migration imaging efficiency under the complex geologic condition.)

1. A method of correcting an aberrated geologic velocity field, the method comprising:

respectively picking up a geologic body to be corrected and upper and lower geologic bodies of the geologic body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data;

smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected so as to generate a smoothing result;

and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result comprises:

calculating the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the smoothed geologic body according to the smoothing result;

generating a speed field distortion correction factor according to the distance between the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the geologic body to be corrected, the distance between the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected, the distance between the smoothened geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the geologic body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothened geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected;

and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the velocity field distortion correction factor.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the smoothing of the distorted portion of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted portions of the geologic body therebelow to generate a smoothed result comprises:

respectively calculating smoothing parameters of the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part by using a horizon smoothing method;

and smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part according to the smoothing parameters.

4. The correction method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising: the method judges whether the geologic body is an abnormal geologic body according to the change condition of the velocity of the geologic body in the transverse direction and the amplitude of the stratum under the geologic body.

5. An apparatus for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field, the apparatus comprising:

the geological body pickup unit is used for respectively picking up a geological body to be corrected and upper and lower geological bodies of the geological body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data;

the geologic body smoothing unit is used for smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to generate a smoothing result;

and the speed field correction unit is used for correcting the speed fields of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic bodies below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

6. The correction device according to claim 5, characterized in that the velocity field correction unit includes:

the distance calculation module is used for calculating the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the smoothed geologic body according to the smoothing result;

the factor generation module is used for generating a speed field distortion correction factor according to the distance between the geological body to be corrected and the geological body above the geological body to be corrected, the distance between the geological body to be corrected and the geological body below the geological body to be corrected, the distance between the smoothed geological body to be corrected and the geological body above the geological body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geological body to be corrected and the geological body below the geological body to be corrected;

and the velocity field correction module is used for correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the velocity field distortion correction factor.

7. The correction device according to claim 5, wherein the body smoothing unit comprises:

the parameter calculation module is used for respectively calculating the smooth parameters of the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part by using a horizon smoothing method;

and the geologic body smoothing module is used for smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part according to the smoothing parameters.

8. The calibration device of claim 5, wherein the device further comprises: and the distortion judging unit is used for judging whether the geologic body is a distorted geologic body according to the change condition of the velocity of the geologic body in the transverse direction and the amplitude of the stratum under the geologic body.

9. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 when executing the program.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, on which a computer program is stored, which, when being executed by a processor, carries out the steps of the method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of petroleum exploration, in particular to the field of geophysical exploration, and particularly relates to a method and a device for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field.

Background

In depth migration processing, those skilled in the art are often plagued by imaging distortions of the underburden caused by certain complex bodies. The complex geologic body refers to a geologic body with complex imaging speed characterization meaning, the speed of the geologic body is often changed violently in the transverse direction and the boundary is difficult to characterize, so that the consistent imaging distortion false image, namely imaging distortion, occurs on the underlying smooth stratum, for example, the distortion or the dislocation of the imaging of the underlying flat layer caused by igneous rock (as shown in fig. 1), the distortion of the imaging form of the underlying stratum caused by salt dome, and the like. These distortions are difficult to resolve by existing iterative tomographic techniques. The conventional solution is to pick the expected target horizon from the distorted geologic body, and then back-calculate the velocity field of the distorted geologic body according to the target horizon. The conventional method can better solve the imaging distortion, but when the work area range is extremely large and the imaging distortion is extremely large, the picking work of a single geologic body is large, and some places needing correction are often missed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the method and the device for correcting the distorted geologic body velocity field can solve the problem of multiple distortions in depth migration imaging of the underburden of a complex geologic body at one time, thereby improving the depth migration imaging efficiency under complex geological conditions.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the present invention provides a method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field, comprising:

respectively picking up a geologic body to be corrected and upper and lower geologic bodies of the geologic body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data;

smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected so as to generate a smoothing result;

and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

In an embodiment, the correcting the speed field of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic bodies below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result includes:

calculating the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the smoothed geologic body according to the smoothing result;

generating a speed field distortion correction factor according to the distance between the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the geologic body to be corrected, the distance between the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected, the distance between the smoothened geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the geologic body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothened geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected;

and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the velocity field distortion correction factor.

In one embodiment, the smoothing the distorted portion of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted portion of the geologic body therebelow to generate a smoothing result includes:

respectively calculating smoothing parameters of the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part by using a horizon smoothing method;

and smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part according to the smoothing parameters.

In one embodiment, the method for correcting the distorted geologic body velocity field further comprises: and judging whether the geologic body is an abnormal geologic body or not according to the change condition of the speed of the geologic body in the transverse direction and the amplitude of the stratum under the geologic body.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides a device for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field, the device comprising:

the geological body pickup unit is used for respectively picking up a geological body to be corrected and upper and lower geological bodies of the geological body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data;

the geologic body smoothing unit is used for smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to generate a smoothing result;

and the speed field correction unit is used for correcting the speed fields of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic bodies below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

In one embodiment, the velocity field correction unit includes:

the distance calculation module is used for calculating the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the smoothed geologic body according to the smoothing result;

the factor generation module is used for generating a speed field distortion correction factor according to the distance between the geological body to be corrected and the geological body above the geological body to be corrected, the distance between the geological body to be corrected and the geological body below the geological body to be corrected, the distance between the smoothed geological body to be corrected and the geological body above the geological body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geological body to be corrected and the geological body below the geological body to be corrected;

and the velocity field correction module is used for correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the velocity field distortion correction factor.

In one embodiment, the geologic body smoothing unit comprises:

the parameter calculation module is used for respectively calculating the smooth parameters of the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part by using a horizon smoothing method;

and the geologic body smoothing module is used for smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part according to the smoothing parameters.

In an embodiment, the device for correcting the distorted geologic body velocity field further comprises a distortion judging unit, configured to judge whether the geologic body is a distorted geologic body according to a variation of the geologic body velocity in the lateral direction and an amplitude of an underlying stratum of the geologic body.

In a third aspect, the present invention provides an electronic device comprising a memory, a processor and a computer program stored on the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field when executing the program.

In a fourth aspect, the invention provides a computer-readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program which, when executed by a processor, carries out the steps of a method of correcting a distorted geologic velocity field.

The method and the device for correcting the distorted geologic body velocity field provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly smooth the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body under the geologic body to be corrected on the basis of accurately picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies, and automatically and quickly correct the distorted geologic body velocity field on the basis of the smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle. On the basis of judging imaging distortion from geology and processing angles, the method is used for identifying the distorted geologic body, smoothing the distorted layer, further deducing a distortion correction factor, solving a speed field of the distorted geologic layer, then performing speed modeling and prestack depth migration imaging, and realizing correction of depth migration imaging distortion of the underlying stratum of the complex geologic body after the result meets quality control requirements. According to the correction method of the distorted geologic velocity field, all the distortions of the horizon are automatically corrected by performing mathematical operation on the control layer, so that a large amount of work of manually picking up an expected target horizon is avoided, and the efficiency is improved. And can set up complicated geologic body inner curtain control horizon in a flexible way, realize the meticulous control to its structure form, the result is more accurate. By the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field, the obtained depth offset imaging after distortion correction can be used as important basic data for next oil field exploration and research, and is more efficient and reliable.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating region identification of a distortion correction model of a method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating step 300 according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of step 200 in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a distortion correction model of a method for correcting a velocity field of a distorted geologic body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a flow chart illustrating a method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating image distortion determination in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a level setting of a distortion correction model in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a distortion correction model horizon picking scheme in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a mathematical abstract of a distortion correction model in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a comparison graph of the depth and velocity of a geological control layer set H12 before and after correction in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a comparison chart of the depth and velocity of the lower control layer H13 of the geologic body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13A is a schematic view of a velocity field before correction of a Z-Inline linear velocity field in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13B is a schematic diagram of a corrected velocity field after passing through a Z InLine line velocity field in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14A is a cross-section of a Z-Inline depth imaging profile and a delay profile in an exemplary embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 14B is a graph of an over-Z InLine line depth imaging profile and a delay profile correction effect in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 15 is a block diagram of a device for correcting the velocity field of a distorted geologic body according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of a velocity field correction unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 17 is a block diagram of a geologic volume smoothing unit in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 18 is another block diagram of the device for correcting the velocity field of the distorted geologic body according to the embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of an electronic device in an embodiment of the invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Aiming at the problem that in the speed depicting and imaging process of the prior art, a complex geologic body often causes a consistent imaging distortion artifact, namely imaging distortion, of an underlying smooth stratum. Based on this, the embodiment of the present invention provides a specific implementation of a method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field, and referring to fig. 2, the method specifically includes the following steps:

step 100: and respectively picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies of the geologic body to be corrected according to the amplitude parameter, the homophase axis continuity and the waveform in the seismic data.

It will be appreciated that the amplitude reflects the intensity of the reflection, is an indirect representation of the wave impedance, and is the amplitude (off-equilibrium position) of the mass point vibration of the energy during propagation. The homophase axis is the connection line of extreme values (commonly called wave crest or wave trough) of the same vibration phase of each track on the seismic record. The waveform refers to the form of seismic waves, and includes the vibration direction, the propagation space, the propagation path, the deviation of each point from the equilibrium position at each moment, and the like of mass points.

Picking up horizon (geologic body to be corrected and the boundary between the upper geologic body and the lower geologic body) is carried out on the basis of three basic criteria of amplitude, same-phase axis continuity and waveform, preferably, on a two-dimensional or three-dimensional seismic section, manual or automatic tracking is carried out on the continuous reflection same-phase axis of the stratum by utilizing waveform similarity to obtain a horizon line (stratum interface), then interpolation is carried out on all the horizon lines to form a horizon plane, and finally the respective geologic bodies are obtained.

Step 200: and smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to generate a smoothing result.

It is understood that subsurface geologic bodies may be distorted by changes in lithology or other properties, such as: distortion or dislocation of imaging of the underlying flat layer caused by igneous rocks, distortion of imaging morphology of the underlying strata caused by salt domes, and the like. If an accurate velocity field is desired, the distorted portion needs to be corrected, it being understood that the geologic volume to be corrected needs to be smoothed on a smaller scale, and the geologic volume therebelow needs to be smoothed on a larger scale.

Step 300: and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

According to the physics principle, the following relation exists when seismic waves vertically propagate in the stratum:

h＝v·t (1)

wherein h is the thickness of the stratum, v is the vertical velocity of the stratum, and t is the vertical travel time of the stratum. As can be seen from the formula (1), the accurate velocity field can be obtained only on the basis of accurately obtaining the geologic body distance.

The embodiment of the invention provides a correction method of a distorted geologic body velocity field, which comprises the steps of firstly smoothing distorted positions of a geologic body to be corrected and an underlying geologic body on the basis of accurately picking up the geologic body to be corrected and upper and lower geologic bodies, and automatically and quickly correcting the distorted geologic body velocity field on the basis of a smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle.

In an embodiment, referring to the specific flow of step 300 shown in fig. 3, step 300 specifically includes:

step 301: and calculating the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body above the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the smoothed geologic body according to the smoothing result.

Step 302: and generating a speed field distortion correction factor according to the distance between the geological body to be corrected and the geological body above the geological body to be corrected, the distance between the geological body to be corrected and the geological body below the geological body to be corrected, the distance between the smoothed geological body to be corrected and the geological body above the smoothed geological body to be corrected and the distance between the smoothed geological body to be corrected and the geological body below the geological body to be corrected.

Step 303: and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the velocity field distortion correction factor.

In steps 301 to 303, in the depth migration velocity characterization and imaging process, since the strata satisfy the principle of t (i.e., the stratum vertical travel time), the following relationships exist for the two sets of strata between the upper control layer of the geologic body to be corrected (the geologic body above the geologic body to be corrected) and the geologic body to be corrected, and between the geologic body to be corrected and the lower control layer of the geologic body to be corrected (the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected):

wherein h is_ADistance h from the body to be corrected to the upper control layer of the body_ASSmoothing of geological bodies to be correctedDistance, v, corresponding to_AFor the interval velocity, v, between the geologic body to be corrected and the upper control layer of the geologic body_ASInterlaminar velocities for eliminating distortion of the geological body to be corrected, h_BIs the distance h from the lower control layer of the geologic body to the upper control layer of the geologic body_BSIs the corresponding distance, v, of the smoothed lower control layer of the geologic body_BIs the speed between the lower control layer of the geologic body and the geologic body layer to be corrected, v_BSEliminating the interlayer speed of the distortion of the lower control layer of the geologic body. By working up formula (2), the following can be obtained:

wherein alpha is_AAberration correction factor, alpha, for the geological body to be corrected_BAnd the distortion correction factor of the lower control layer of the geologic body. Therefore, the distortion correction factor of each layer when the geologic body to be corrected is provided with one layer is deduced, and the speed field for eliminating distortion of each layer is obtained.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 4, step 200 specifically includes:

step 201: and respectively calculating smoothing parameters of the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part by using a horizon smoothing method.

Step 202: and smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part according to the smoothing parameters.

It should be noted that the interlayer velocity for eliminating the distortion of the geologic body is used for carrying out horizon constraint velocity modeling to update the original velocity model, then the newly generated velocity model is used for carrying out prestack depth migration imaging, and finally whether the new migration result meets the distortion correction requirement is controlled. And when the distortion correction requirements are not met, modifying the smoothing parameters of all the layers again, and then carrying out subsequent processing until the distortion correction requirements are met.

In an embodiment, referring to fig. 5, the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field further includes:

step 400: and judging whether the geologic body is an abnormal geologic body or not according to the change condition of the speed of the geologic body in the transverse direction and the amplitude of the stratum under the geologic body.

It will be appreciated that prior to step 100, complex geologic underburden depth offset imaging distortion determinations need to be made. Specifically, the imaging distortion relates to a complex geologic body and an underburden, the lithology of the complex geologic body in the local area is known from geology, and the structural mechanical characteristics of the underburden are analyzed; from the process, the velocity characterization of the complex geologic body is known, and the offset imaging characteristics of the underburden are analyzed.

The correction method of the distorted geologic body velocity field provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly smoothes the distorted positions of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body under the geologic body to be corrected on the basis of accurately picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies, and automatically and quickly corrects the distorted geologic body velocity field on the basis of the smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle. On the basis of judging imaging distortion from geology and processing angles, the method is used for identifying the distorted geologic body, smoothing the distorted layer, further deducing a distortion correction factor, solving a speed field of the distorted geologic layer, then performing speed modeling and prestack depth migration imaging, and realizing correction of depth migration imaging distortion of the underlying stratum of the complex geologic body after the result meets quality control requirements. According to the correction method of the distorted geologic velocity field, all the distortions of the horizon are automatically corrected by performing mathematical operation on the control layer, so that a large amount of work of manually picking up an expected target horizon is avoided, and the efficiency is improved. And can set up complicated geologic body inner curtain control horizon in a flexible way, realize the meticulous control to its structure form, the result is more accurate. By the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field, the obtained depth offset imaging after distortion correction can be used as important basic data for next oil field exploration and research, and is more efficient and reliable.

To further illustrate the present solution, a specific application example of the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field is described below with reference to fig. 6 by taking a certain oilfield a block as an example, and the specific application example specifically includes the following contents, see fig. 6.

S0: and judging whether the geologic body is an abnormal geologic body.

Imaging distortion relates to complex geologic bodies and underburden, lithology of the complex geologic bodies in the local area is known from geology, and structural mechanical characteristics of the underburden are analyzed; from the process, the velocity characterization of the complex geologic body is known, and the offset imaging characteristics of the underburden are analyzed. Specifically, as shown in fig. 7, the complex reflection layer in this area develops igneous rock, the speed of which changes drastically in the lateral direction and the boundary is difficult to be drawn, and the amplitude-consistent distortion of the underlying stratum is difficult to be interpreted from the structural mechanics, so that it is determined that the section has imaging distortion. The distortion correction model in the embodiment of the invention relates to a complex geologic body and an underlying flat stratum, and the distortion accords with the model.

S1: and respectively picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies of the geologic body to be corrected according to the amplitude parameter, the homophase axis continuity and the waveform in the seismic data.

When imaging distortion exists in the depth-offset superimposed data volume, the horizons are set according to a distortion correction model (as shown in fig. 1 and 8). Firstly, identifying a distortion correction model, wherein the distortion correction model is built around a complex geologic body, the complex geologic body refers to a complex geologic body in the imaging speed characterization meaning, such as igneous rocks, salt domes and the like, an undisturbed overlying stratum is arranged above the complex geologic body, and an imaging consistency distortion area is arranged below the complex geologic body. Then, setting an upper control layer, a lower control layer and the like of the distortion correction model, wherein the upper boundary of the complex geologic body, namely the interface between the complex geologic body and the upper covering geologic body, is called as an upper control layer of the geologic body, and the layer position is not subjected to imaging distortion; the lower boundary of the complex geologic body, namely the upper boundary of the imaging consistency distortion area, is called as the lower control layer of the geologic body, the imaging distortion of the same amplitude occurs between the layer and the lower stratum of the layer, and the transition distortion occurs between the layer and the upper control layer, namely the complex geologic body; a geologic body control layer group can be tracked inside the complex geologic body and used for finely controlling the inner curtain structure morphology of the complex geologic body in the distortion correction process; the imaging consistency distortion area is parallel to a lower control layer of the geologic body, a series of stratum distortion consistency layers can be tracked in the imaging consistency distortion area, and the layers are as thick as the lower control layer of the geologic body, so that the imaging distortion and correction condition of the area can be analyzed and checked.

Because the inner curtain imaging regularity of the complex geologic body is poor and difficult to explain, the arrangement of the geologic body control layer group is more flexible. When the device is not arranged, the structural form of the inner curtain of the complex geologic body is controlled by the lower control layer of the geologic body; when a layer is arranged, the complex geologic body is divided into an upper part and a lower part, and the fine control of the inner curtain structure form of the complex geologic body can be realized by respectively controlling the layer and a lower control layer of the geologic body; when more levels are set, and so on. Preferably, a geologic control horizon is set.

After the distortion correction model is determined, the horizon of an upper control layer, a lower control layer and the like of the geologic body needs to be picked up. The picking is carried out on the depth offset superposition data volume with imaging distortion, and an automatic picking method can be generally used, so that the efficiency is high. In contrast, conventional methods require manual picking of the desired target horizon for a single geologic volume in addition to the above-described picking, which is inefficient and subject to omission.

And setting a distortion correction model control layer (geologic body to be corrected), and automatically picking up the horizon. The area identification, the horizon setting and the horizon picking of the distortion correction model are performed, and finally, the result of the horizon picking of the distortion correction model is determined as shown in fig. 9, wherein H11 is a geologic body upper control layer, H12 is a geologic body control layer group, H13 is a geologic body lower control layer, and H14 is a stratum distortion consistency layer.

S2: and smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to generate a smoothing result.

Fig. 10 is a mathematical abstraction diagram of a distortion correction model in this specific application example, specifically, the distortion correction model is mathematically abstracted, and when a layer is set in a geological control layer group, a method for deriving a distortion correction factor can be expressed as shown in fig. 10. The conventional method needs to manually pick the expected target horizon at each distortion position (such as the positions A and B in the figure 10), the efficiency is low, omission easily occurs, and the distortion model correction method can achieve the effect equivalent to manual picking by performing mathematical operation on a geologic body control layer group and a geologic body lower control layer and automatically correcting all the distortions of the horizons. The mathematical operation used here is a common method for smoothing the horizon, and suitable smoothing parameters are selected according to the distorted amplitude of each horizon. Generally, the geologic body control layer group is smoothed on a smaller scale, and the geologic body lower control layer is smoothed on a larger scale.

S3: and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

When the geologic body control layer group is provided with a layer, distortion correction factors of the geologic body control layer group and the geologic body lower control layer are respectively deduced. According to the physics principle, the following relation exists when seismic waves vertically propagate in the stratum:

h＝v·t

wherein h is the thickness of the stratum, v is the vertical velocity of the stratum, and t is the vertical travel time of the stratum. In the depth migration velocity depiction and imaging process, because the stratum meets the principle of t and the like, the following relations respectively exist between the upper control layer of the geologic body and the control layer group of the geologic body and between the lower control layer of the geologic body and the control layer group of the geologic body:

wherein h is_AThe distance h from the geologic body control layer group to the geologic body upper control layer_ASFor the corresponding distance, v, after the geologic body control layer group is smoothed_AThe inter-layer speed v between the geologic body control layer group and the geologic body upper control layer_ASInterlaminar velocity, h, to eliminate distortion of geological control packets_BIs the distance h from the lower control layer of the geologic body to the upper control layer of the geologic body_BSIs the corresponding distance, v, of the smoothed lower control layer of the geologic body_BThe speed v between the lower control layer of the geologic body and the control layer group of the geologic body_BSEliminating the interlayer speed of the distortion of the lower control layer of the geologic body. By collating the above formula, one can obtain:

wherein alpha is_ADistortion correction factor, alpha, for geological control packets_BAnd the distortion correction factor of the lower control layer of the geologic body. Therefore, the distortion correction factor of each layer when the geologic body control layer group is provided with one layer is deduced, and the speed field for eliminating distortion of each layer is obtained. And then, carrying out horizon constraint speed modeling to update an original speed model by using the smoothed geologic body control layer group, the interlayer speed for eliminating distortion of the geologic body control layer group, the smoothed geologic body lower control layer and the interlayer speed for eliminating distortion of the geologic body lower control layer, then carrying out prestack depth migration imaging by using a newly generated speed model, and finally controlling whether a new migration result meets the distortion correction requirement or not. And when the distortion correction requirements are not met, modifying the smoothing parameters of all the layers again, and then carrying out subsequent processing until the distortion correction requirements are met.

For the specific application example, the geologic body control layer group H12 is smoothed in a smaller scale, then the speed field for eliminating distortion of the layer position is obtained, and as a result, as shown in fig. 11, the geologic body lower control layer H13 is smoothed in a larger scale, and then the speed field for eliminating distortion of the layer position is obtained, and as a result, as shown in fig. 12. As can be seen from fig. 11 and 12, the horizon distortion is corrected to complement the high wavenumber component in the velocity, while the depth horizon distortion is eliminated.

S4: and carrying out horizon constraint speed modeling.

The smoothed geologic body control layer group, the interlayer speed for eliminating distortion of the geologic body control layer group, the smoothed geologic body lower control layer, the interlayer speed for eliminating distortion of the geologic body lower control layer and the stratum distortion consistency layer which has no change in the interlayer thickness and speed with the geologic body lower control layer are used for carrying out horizon constraint speed modeling to update the original speed model, and the result is shown in fig. 13A and 13B.

And S5, imaging and quality control.

And (5) performing prestack depth migration imaging and controlling the new migration result in a quality mode. The results are shown in fig. 14A and 14B, and it can be seen that the new imaging result well eliminates distortion of the underlying smooth stratum, and simultaneously retains the detail characteristics of the structure of the inner curtain of the complex geologic body, so that the imaging is more accurate and the interpretation is more reasonable.

The correction method of the distorted geologic body velocity field provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly smoothes the distorted positions of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body under the geologic body to be corrected on the basis of accurately picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies, and automatically and quickly corrects the distorted geologic body velocity field on the basis of the smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle. On the basis of judging imaging distortion from geology and processing angles, the method is used for identifying the distorted geologic body, smoothing the distorted layer, further deducing a distortion correction factor, solving a speed field of the distorted geologic layer, then performing speed modeling and prestack depth migration imaging, and realizing correction of depth migration imaging distortion of the underlying stratum of the complex geologic body after the result meets quality control requirements. According to the correction method of the distorted geologic velocity field, all the distortions of the horizon are automatically corrected by performing mathematical operation on the control layer, so that a large amount of work of manually picking up an expected target horizon is avoided, and the efficiency is improved. And can set up complicated geologic body inner curtain control horizon in a flexible way, realize the meticulous control to its structure form, the result is more accurate. By the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field, the obtained depth offset imaging after distortion correction can be used as important basic data for next oil field exploration and research, and is more efficient and reliable.

Based on similar inventive concepts, the embodiment of the present application further provides a device for correcting the distorted geologic body velocity field, which is preferably used for implementing the method described in the above embodiment. Because the principle of solving the problem of the correction device of the distorted geologic body velocity field is similar to that of the correction method of the distorted geologic body velocity field, the implementation of the correction device of the distorted geologic body velocity field can be realized by referring to the implementation of the correction method of the distorted geologic body velocity field, and repeated parts are not repeated. As used hereinafter, the term "unit" or "module" may be a combination of software and/or hardware that implements a predetermined function. While the system described in the embodiments below is preferably implemented in software, implementations in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated.

The embodiment of the present invention provides a specific implementation manner of a distorted geologic velocity field correction apparatus capable of implementing a distorted geologic velocity field correction method, and referring to fig. 15, the distorted geologic velocity field correction apparatus specifically includes the following contents:

the geological body pickup unit 10 is used for respectively picking up a geological body to be corrected and upper and lower geological bodies of the geological body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data;

a geologic body smoothing unit 20, configured to smooth the distorted portion of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted portion of the geologic body therebelow to generate a smoothing result;

and the velocity field correction unit 30 is configured to correct the velocity field of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

The embodiment of the invention provides a correcting device for a distorted geologic body velocity field, which is characterized in that firstly, on the basis of accurately picking up a geologic body to be corrected and upper and lower geologic bodies, the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body under the geologic body to be corrected is smoothed, and the velocity field of the distorted geologic body is automatically and quickly corrected on the basis of the smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 16, the velocity field correction unit 30 includes:

the distance calculation module 301 is configured to calculate, according to the smoothing result, a distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and a geologic body above the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and a distance between the smoothed geologic body to be corrected and a geologic body below the smoothed geologic body to be corrected;

a factor generating module 302, configured to generate a velocity field distortion correction factor according to a distance between a geologic body to be corrected and a geologic body above the geologic body to be corrected, a distance between a geologic body to be corrected and a geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected, a distance between the smoothened geologic body to be corrected and a geologic body above the smoothened geologic body to be corrected, and a distance between the smoothened geologic body to be corrected and a geologic body below the smoothened geologic body to be corrected;

and the velocity field correction module 303 is configured to correct the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the velocity field distortion correction factor.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 17, the geologic body smoothing unit 20 includes:

a parameter calculation module 201, configured to calculate, by using a horizon smoothing method, smoothing parameters of the distorted portion of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted portion of the geologic body below the distorted portion of the geologic body to be corrected, respectively;

and the geologic body smoothing module 202 is configured to smooth the distorted portion of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted portion of the geologic body below the distorted portion of the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing parameters.

In one embodiment, referring to fig. 18, the device for correcting the velocity field of the distorted geologic body further comprises a distortion determining unit 40, configured to determine whether the geologic body is a distorted geologic body according to the variation of the velocity of the geologic body in the transverse direction and the amplitude of the stratum underlying the geologic body.

The correction device for the distorted geologic body velocity field provided by the embodiment of the invention firstly smoothes the distorted positions of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body under the geologic body to be corrected on the basis of accurately picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies, and automatically and quickly corrects the distorted geologic body velocity field on the basis of the smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle. On the basis of judging imaging distortion from geology and processing angles, the method is used for identifying the distorted geologic body, smoothing the distorted layer, further deducing a distortion correction factor, solving a speed field of the distorted geologic layer, then performing speed modeling and prestack depth migration imaging, and realizing correction of depth migration imaging distortion of the underlying stratum of the complex geologic body after the result meets quality control requirements. According to the correction method of the distorted geologic velocity field, all the distortions of the horizon are automatically corrected by performing mathematical operation on the control layer, so that a large amount of work of manually picking up an expected target horizon is avoided, and the efficiency is improved. And can set up complicated geologic body inner curtain control horizon in a flexible way, realize the meticulous control to its structure form, the result is more accurate. By the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field, the obtained depth offset imaging after distortion correction can be used as important basic data for next oil field exploration and research, and is more efficient and reliable.

The embodiment of the present application further provides a specific implementation manner of an electronic device, which is capable of implementing all steps in the method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field in the foregoing embodiment, and referring to fig. 19, the electronic device specifically includes the following contents:

a processor (processor)1201, a memory (memory)1202, a communication Interface 1203, and a bus 1204;

the processor 1201, the memory 1202 and the communication interface 1203 complete communication with each other through the bus 1204; the communication interface 1203 is configured to implement information transmission between related devices, such as a server-side device, a calibration device, and a client device.

The processor 1201 is used to call the computer program in the memory 1202, and the processor executes the computer program to implement all the steps in the method for correcting the distorted geologic body velocity field in the above-mentioned embodiments, for example, the processor executes the computer program to implement the following steps:

step 100: respectively picking up a geologic body to be corrected and an upper geologic body and a lower geologic body of the geologic body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data;

step 200: smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected so as to generate a smoothing result;

step 300: and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

The electronic equipment in the embodiment of the application firstly smoothes the distorted positions of the geologic body to be corrected and the geologic body under the geologic body to be corrected on the basis of accurately picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies, and automatically and quickly corrects the velocity field of the distorted geologic body on the basis of the smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle. On the basis of judging imaging distortion from geology and processing angles, the method is used for identifying the distorted geologic body, smoothing the distorted layer, further deducing a distortion correction factor, solving a speed field of the distorted geologic layer, then performing speed modeling and prestack depth migration imaging, and realizing correction of depth migration imaging distortion of the underlying stratum of the complex geologic body after the result meets quality control requirements. According to the correction method of the distorted geologic velocity field, all the distortions of the horizon are automatically corrected by performing mathematical operation on the control layer, so that a large amount of work of manually picking up an expected target horizon is avoided, and the efficiency is improved. And can set up complicated geologic body inner curtain control horizon in a flexible way, realize the meticulous control to its structure form, the result is more accurate. By the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field, the obtained depth offset imaging after distortion correction can be used as important basic data for next oil field exploration and research, and is more efficient and reliable.

Embodiments of the present application also provide a computer-readable storage medium capable of implementing all the steps in the method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field in the above embodiments, where the computer-readable storage medium stores thereon a computer program, and the computer program when executed by a processor implements all the steps in the method for correcting a distorted geologic velocity field in the above embodiments, for example, the processor implements the following steps when executing the computer program:

step 100: respectively picking up a geologic body to be corrected and an upper geologic body and a lower geologic body of the geologic body to be corrected according to amplitude parameters, homophase axis continuity and waveforms in seismic data;

step 200: smoothing the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body below the distorted part of the geologic body to be corrected so as to generate a smoothing result;

step 300: and correcting the geologic body to be corrected and the velocity field of the geologic body below the geologic body to be corrected according to the smoothing result.

The computer-readable storage medium in the embodiment of the application firstly smoothes the geologic body to be corrected and the distorted part of the geologic body under the geologic body to be corrected on the basis of accurately picking up the geologic body to be corrected and the upper and lower geologic bodies, and automatically and quickly corrects the velocity field of the distorted geologic body on the basis of the smoothing result and the seismic wave physics principle. On the basis of judging imaging distortion from geology and processing angles, the method is used for identifying the distorted geologic body, smoothing the distorted layer, further deducing a distortion correction factor, solving a speed field of the distorted geologic layer, then performing speed modeling and prestack depth migration imaging, and realizing correction of depth migration imaging distortion of the underlying stratum of the complex geologic body after the result meets quality control requirements. According to the correction method of the distorted geologic velocity field, all the distortions of the horizon are automatically corrected by performing mathematical operation on the control layer, so that a large amount of work of manually picking up an expected target horizon is avoided, and the efficiency is improved. And can set up complicated geologic body inner curtain control horizon in a flexible way, realize the meticulous control to its structure form, the result is more accurate. By the method for correcting the distorted geologic velocity field, the obtained depth offset imaging after distortion correction can be used as important basic data for next oil field exploration and research, and is more efficient and reliable.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the hardware + program class embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and the relevant points can be referred to the partial description of the method embodiment.

The foregoing description has been directed to specific embodiments of this disclosure. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. In some cases, the actions or steps recited in the claims may be performed in a different order than in the embodiments and still achieve desirable results. In addition, the processes depicted in the accompanying figures do not necessarily require the particular order shown, or sequential order, to achieve desirable results. In some embodiments, multitasking and parallel processing may also be possible or may be advantageous.

Although the present application provides method steps as described in an embodiment or flowchart, additional or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive efforts. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an actual apparatus or client product executes, it may execute sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in the context of parallel processors or multi-threaded processing) according to the embodiments or methods shown in the figures.

Although embodiments of the present description provide method steps as described in embodiments or flowcharts, more or fewer steps may be included based on conventional or non-inventive means. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one manner of performing the steps in a multitude of orders and does not represent the only order of execution. When an actual apparatus or end product executes, it may execute sequentially or in parallel (e.g., parallel processors or multi-threaded environments, or even distributed data processing environments) according to the method shown in the embodiment or the figures. The terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, the presence of additional identical or equivalent elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the recited elements is not excluded.

For convenience of description, the above devices are described as being divided into various modules by functions, and are described separately. Of course, in implementing the embodiments of the present description, the functions of each module may be implemented in one or more software and/or hardware, or a module implementing the same function may be implemented by a combination of multiple sub-modules or sub-units, and the like. The above-described embodiments of the apparatus are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.

Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that, in addition to implementing the controller as pure computer readable program code, the same functionality can be implemented by logically programming method steps such that the controller is in the form of logic gates, switches, application specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers, embedded microcontrollers and the like. Such a controller may therefore be considered as a hardware component, and the means included therein for performing the various functions may also be considered as a structure within the hardware component. Or even means for performing the functions may be regarded as being both a software module for performing the method and a structure within a hardware component.

The present invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each flow and/or block of the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, and combinations of flows and/or blocks in the flow diagrams and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction means which implement the function specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the functions specified in the flowchart flow or flows and/or block diagram block or blocks.

In a typical configuration, a computing device includes one or more processors (CPUs), input/output interfaces, network interfaces, and memory.

The memory may include forms of volatile memory in a computer readable medium, Random Access Memory (RAM) and/or non-volatile memory, such as Read Only Memory (ROM) or flash memory (flash RAM). Memory is an example of a computer-readable medium.

Computer-readable media, including both non-transitory and non-transitory, removable and non-removable media, may implement information storage by any method or technology. The information may be computer readable instructions, data structures, modules of a program, or other data. Examples of computer storage media include, but are not limited to, phase change memory (PRAM), Static Random Access Memory (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), other types of Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM), Digital Versatile Discs (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transmission medium that can be used to store information that can be accessed by a computing device. As defined herein, a computer readable medium does not include a transitory computer readable medium such as a modulated data signal and a carrier wave.

As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present description may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, embodiments of the present description may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, embodiments of the present description may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, and so forth) having computer-usable program code embodied therein.

The embodiments of this specification may be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions, such as program modules, being executed by a computer. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, objects, components, data structures, etc. that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The described embodiments may also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in both local and remote computer storage media including memory storage devices.

The embodiments in the present specification are described in a progressive manner, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from the other embodiments. In particular, for the system embodiment, since it is substantially similar to the method embodiment, the description is simple, and for the relevant points, reference may be made to the partial description of the method embodiment. In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the specification. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

The above description is only an example of the embodiments of the present disclosure, and is not intended to limit the embodiments of the present disclosure. Various modifications and variations to the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the embodiments of the present specification should be included in the scope of the claims of the embodiments of the present specification.