阅读说明：本技术 一种新型多路宽带小型化差分移相器 (Novel miniaturized differential phase shifter of multichannel broadband ) 是由 吕云鹏 孔可赛 祝雷 程崇虎 于 2021-01-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种新型多路宽带小型化差分移相器,其包括上层金属微带电路,中间层微波介质板和下层金属板；上层金属微带电路包括一个相移参考通路和多个相移输出通路；各通路的相移单元均包括输入输出微带传输线,一对扇形枝节,两对高阻抗微带线及一个贴片电容,其中一对高阻抗微带线由贴片电容连接,将输入输出微带传输线连接在一起,另一对高阻抗微带线末端通过金属过孔接地,并且与扇形枝节分别对称连接在输入输出微带传输线末端。本发明可实现宽频带的多路恒定相差输出,具有小尺寸、低插损、性能稳定,易于加工集成等优点,适合于构建高性能的宽带小型化波束赋形天线阵列和波束赋形网络。(The invention discloses a novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter, which comprises an upper-layer metal microstrip circuit, a middle-layer microwave dielectric plate and a lower-layer metal plate, wherein the upper-layer metal microstrip circuit is provided with a first microstrip line and a second microstrip line; the upper metal microstrip circuit comprises a phase shift reference path and a plurality of phase shift output paths; the phase shift unit of each channel comprises an input and output microstrip transmission line, a pair of fan-shaped branches, two pairs of high-impedance microstrip lines and a patch capacitor, wherein one pair of high-impedance microstrip lines are connected by the patch capacitor to connect the input and output microstrip transmission lines together, and the tail ends of the other pair of high-impedance microstrip lines are grounded through metal through holes and are respectively and symmetrically connected with the fan-shaped branches at the tail ends of the input and output microstrip transmission lines. The invention can realize broadband multipath constant phase difference output, has the advantages of small size, low insertion loss, stable performance, easy processing and integration and the like, and is suitable for constructing high-performance broadband miniaturized beam forming antenna arrays and beam forming networks.)

1. A novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter is characterized by comprising an upper-layer metal microstrip circuit, a middle-layer microwave dielectric plate (6) and a lower-layer metal plate (7); the upper-layer metal microstrip circuit comprises a phase-shift reference path (1) and a plurality of phase-shift output paths;

the phase-shift reference path (1) comprises a pair of microstrip transmission lines, a pair of fan-shaped branches, a first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, a second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines and a patch capacitor; the pair of microstrip transmission lines are symmetrically arranged, and each microstrip transmission line has one end serving as an input port and an output port of a phase shift reference path, the pair of sector branches and the second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines are symmetrically connected to the other end of the microstrip transmission line respectively, the patch capacitor is connected between the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, and the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines connects the pair of microstrip transmission lines together;

the phase shift output paths respectively comprise input end microstrip transmission lines, output end microstrip transmission lines, a pair of fan-shaped branches, a first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, a second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines and a patch capacitor; in each phase shift output path, the input end microstrip transmission line and the output end microstrip transmission line respectively have one end serving as an input port and an output port of the phase shift output path, the sector branch and the second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines are respectively and symmetrically connected to the other ends of the input end microstrip transmission line and the output end microstrip transmission line, the patch capacitor is connected between the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines connects the input end microstrip transmission line and the output end microstrip transmission line together, and the output end microstrip transmission line realizes phase shift output at different angles by adjusting the length.

2. A novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that the other ends of the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path (1) and the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift output path are grounded through a metalized via.

3. A novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path (1) or the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift output path are bent in an "L" shape or a "bow" shape.

4. A novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter according to claim 1, characterized in that the pair of microstrip transmission lines of the phase shift reference path (1) is a pair of rectangular microstrip transmission lines arranged axisymmetrically.

5. The novel multipath broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input end microstrip transmission line of the first phase shift output path (2) of the plurality of phase shift output paths is a rectangular microstrip transmission line, and the output end microstrip transmission line is bent into a zigzag shape for four times, so as to realize 45-degree phase shift output.

6. The novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter as claimed in claim 1, wherein the input end microstrip transmission line of the second phase shift output path (3) of the plurality of phase shift output paths is a rectangular microstrip transmission line, and the output end microstrip transmission line is bent for six times into an inverted "L" shape, so as to realize 90-degree phase shift output.

7. The novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter as claimed in claim 1, wherein input end microstrip transmission lines of a third phase shift output path (4) and a fourth phase shift output path (5) in the plurality of phase shift output paths are rectangular microstrip transmission lines, and output end microstrip transmission lines are bent into a shape of "b" eight times to respectively realize 135-degree and 180-degree phase shift outputs.

8. The novel multipath broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter of claim 1, wherein the bypass capacitance required by the circuit is obtained by adjusting the sector branch angles and the radii of the phase-shifted reference path and the phase-shifted output path.

9. The novel multipath broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter of claim 1, wherein the required series inductance of the circuit is obtained by adjusting the length and width of the first pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path and the phase shift output path.

10. The novel multipath broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter according to claim 1, wherein the required shunt inductance of the circuit is obtained by adjusting the length and width of the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path and the phase shift output path.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter, in particular to a broadband miniaturized phase shifter capable of simultaneously realizing broadband multi-path constant phase difference output, belongs to the technical field of microwaves, and is suitable for wireless communication, radars and measuring systems.

Background

The differential phase shifter is a basic device of a phase antenna array and a beam forming network, and is widely applied to wireless communication, radar and measurement systems. The structure of the phase-shift circuit comprises a phase-shift reference path and a phase-shift output path, and the two paths can realize constant phase difference output on a certain bandwidth under the condition of keeping the amplitude characteristic of a signal unchanged.

The traditional broadband differential phase shifter is mainly constructed by a classical Schiffman (Schiffman) phase shift structure, a loaded parallel open/short circuit branch, a single-layer/multi-layer coupled line and the like. In the application environment of multi-path output, the traditional broadband differential phase shifter needs to change a phase shift reference path and a phase shift output path simultaneously aiming at different output phase differences, thereby forming a complex cascade network, and causing the increase of the size of the phase shifter and the reduction of the circuit performance. In recent years, the design of a multi-path broadband differential phase shifter with a uniform phase shift reference path starts to be seen in the ends, and the main designs are as follows: 1. the forward coupling line is utilized to realize 0-180 degrees multi-path phase shift output with 40 percent bandwidth; 2. the cascade coupling line is utilized to realize 45-135 degrees multi-path phase shift output with 45% bandwidth; 3. the position and the length and the width of a stub on a transmission line are adjusted to realize the 45-135-degree multi-path phase shift output with the bandwidth of 56 percent; 4. the wide-side coupling line with a three-layer structure is utilized to realize 0-180-degree multi-path phase shift output with 50% bandwidth. These existing multi-path broadband differential phase shifter designs are limited by the achievable coupling coefficient and the stub impedance, and it is difficult to achieve a relative bandwidth of more than 60% and an output phase shift value that is too large (e.g., 180 °) or too small (e.g., 0 ° -45 °). Meanwhile, the broadside coupling structure needs a multilayer dielectric substrate, and has the difficulties of high manufacturing cost and difficulty in integration with other planar circuits and antennas. Therefore, how to realize broadband (greater than or equal to 80%) and large phase shift range (0-180 °) multi-path phase shift output on a single-layer planar circuit with small size and low cost through a simple structure still remains a design difficulty and challenge at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of the invention is as follows: in order to solve the above problems in the prior art, the present invention is directed to a novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter, which can regulate and control a transmission phase in a wide range within a broadband range, and has the advantages of small size, simple processing, realization on a single-layer PCB, easy integration, etc.

The technical scheme is as follows: the purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter comprises an upper-layer metal microstrip circuit, a middle-layer microwave dielectric plate and a lower-layer metal plate; the upper metal microstrip circuit comprises a phase shift reference path and a plurality of phase shift output paths;

the phase shift reference path comprises a pair of microstrip transmission lines, a pair of fan-shaped branches, a first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, a second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines and a patch capacitor; the pair of microstrip transmission lines are symmetrically arranged, and each microstrip transmission line has one end serving as an input port and an output port of a phase shift reference path, the pair of sector branches and the second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines are symmetrically connected to the other end of the microstrip transmission line respectively, the patch capacitor is connected between the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, and the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines connects the pair of microstrip transmission lines together;

the phase shift output paths respectively comprise input end microstrip transmission lines, output end microstrip transmission lines, a pair of fan-shaped branches, a first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, a second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines and a patch capacitor; in each phase shift output path, the input end microstrip transmission line and the output end microstrip transmission line respectively have one end serving as an input port and an output port of the phase shift output path, the sector branch and the second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines are respectively and symmetrically connected to the other ends of the input end microstrip transmission line and the output end microstrip transmission line, the patch capacitor is connected between the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines, the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines connects the input end microstrip transmission line and the output end microstrip transmission line together, and the output end microstrip transmission line realizes phase shift output at different angles by adjusting the length.

Further, the other ends of the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path and the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift output path are grounded through the metalized via hole.

Further, the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path or the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift output path are bent into an "L" shape or a "bow" shape.

Further, the pair of microstrip transmission lines of the phase shift reference path is a pair of rectangular microstrip transmission lines disposed axisymmetrically.

Furthermore, the input end microstrip transmission line of the first phase shift output path in the plurality of phase shift output paths is a rectangular microstrip transmission line, and the output end microstrip transmission line is bent into a shape like a Chinese character ji for four times, so that 45-degree phase shift output is realized.

Furthermore, the input end microstrip transmission line of the second phase shift output path in the plurality of phase shift output paths is a rectangular microstrip transmission line, and the output end microstrip transmission line is bent for six times into an inverted L shape, so that 90-degree phase shift output is realized.

Furthermore, the input end microstrip transmission line of the third phase shift output path and the input end microstrip transmission line of the fourth phase shift output path in the plurality of phase shift output paths are rectangular microstrip transmission lines, and the output end microstrip transmission line is bent into a shape of 'B' for eight times, so that 135-degree phase shift output and 180-degree phase shift output are respectively realized.

Further, the required bypass capacitance of the circuit is obtained by adjusting the sector branch angle and the radius of the phase shift reference path and the phase shift output path.

Further, the length and the width of the first pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path and the phase shift output path are adjusted to obtain the series inductance required by the circuit.

Further, the length and the width of the second pair of high impedance microstrip lines of the phase shift reference path and the phase shift output path are adjusted to obtain the parallel inductance required by the circuit.

Has the advantages that: the novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter provided by the invention can regulate and control a transmission phase in a wide range in a wide frequency range through a pair of microstrip transmission lines, a pair of fan-shaped branches, two pairs of high-impedance microstrip lines and a patch capacitor. Test experiment results show that the phase-shift filter can realize 0-180-degree multi-path phase-shift output with the bandwidth of more than 80.4 percent, the insertion loss of all paths in the working bandwidth is less than 1.05dB, the phase unbalance is less than +/-6.3 degrees, the amplitude unbalance is less than 0.29dB, and the overall size of the phase-shift path is less than 0.30 waveguide wavelength multiplied by 0.26 waveguide wavelength. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable beneficial effects:

the invention provides a novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter which can simultaneously meet the requirements of multi-path phase shift output of a broadband (more than or equal to 80%) and a large phase shift range (0-180 degrees).

The novel multi-path broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter has the advantages of small circuit size, easiness in processing and integration, low cost and the like, and can be realized on a single-layer PCB.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a phase-shifted reference path according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a first phase-shifted output path according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second phase shift output path according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third phase shift output path according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourth phase shift output path according to the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a simulated and tested amplitude response frequency plot of a phase shifted reference path according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a graph of simulated and tested amplitude response frequency for a first phase shifted output path in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a simulated and tested amplitude response frequency plot for a second phase shift output path in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 10 is a graph of simulated and tested amplitude response frequency of a third phase-shifted output path according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 11 is a graph of simulated and tested amplitude response frequency for a fourth phase shift output path in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 12 is a graph of a test insertion loss frequency for each phase shift path according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 13 is a graph of simulated and tested phase response frequencies for various phase shift paths according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

As shown in figure 1, the invention discloses a miniaturized broadband multi-path multiphase differential phase shifter, which comprises an upper layer metal microstrip circuit, a middle layer microwave dielectric plate (6) and a lower layer metal plate (7). The upper metal microstrip circuit includes a phase-shifted reference path (1) and a plurality of phase-shifted output paths (2/3/4/5).

As shown in fig. 2, the phase shift reference path includes a pair of microstrip transmission lines (a1, a2), a pair of sectorial stubs (a3, a4), a first pair of high impedance (characteristic impedance is 100-120 ohms) microstrip lines (a5, a7), a second pair of high impedance microstrip lines (a8, a9) and a patch capacitor (a 6). The microstrip transmission lines (a1, a2) are symmetrically arranged, and each has an input port (P1) and an output port (P2) with one end serving as a phase shift reference path, the fan-shaped branches (a3, a4) and a second pair of high-impedance microstrip lines (a8, a9) are respectively and symmetrically connected to the other ends of the microstrip transmission lines (a1, a2), the patch capacitor a6 is connected between the first pair of high-impedance microstrip lines (a5, a7), and the high-impedance microstrip lines (a5, a7) connect the microstrip transmission lines (a1, a2) together.

Microstrip transmission line length L of phase shift reference path_f1The design parameters theta of the fan-shaped branches can be obtained by setting the design parameters at will, the fan-shaped branches serve as bypass capacitors, the patch capacitors serve as cascade capacitors, and the ratio of the bypass capacitors to the cascade capacitors is determined according to the bandwidth of a frequency band_mAnd L_mAnd the capacitance value of the chip capacitor. Four high-impedance microstrip lines are used as a cascade inductor and a parallel inductor, and the lengths L of the four high-impedance microstrip lines are adjusted_s1、L_s2、L_p1And L_p2The corresponding inductance value is obtained, thereby controlling the center frequency of the phase shifter. Width W of microstrip transmission line and high impedance microstrip line₀、W_sAnd W_pAnd the width W of the bottom of the fan-shaped branch_mSet according to impedance matching.

As shown in fig. 3 to 6, each of the phase shift output paths includes an input end microstrip transmission line (b1/c1/d1/e1), an output end microstrip transmission line (b2/c2/d2/e2), a pair of sectorial stubs (b3/c3/d3/e3, b4/c4/d4/e4), a first pair of high impedance microstrip lines (b5/c5/d5/e5, b7/c7/d7/e7), a second pair of high impedance microstrip lines (b8/c8/d8/e8, b9/c9/d9/e9) and a patch capacitor (b6/c6/d6/e 6). The microstrip transmission lines (b/c/d/e ) are respectively provided with an input port (P/P/P) and an output port (P/P/P) with one ends as phase shift output paths, the fan-shaped branches (b/c/d/e ) and the high-impedance microstrip lines (b/c/d/e ) are respectively and symmetrically connected with the other ends of the microstrip transmission lines (b/c/d/e ), the chip capacitors (b/c/d/e) are connected between the high-impedance microstrip lines (b/c/d/e ), the microstrip transmission lines (b1/c1/d1/e1, b2/c2/d2/e2) are connected together by the high-impedance microstrip lines (b5/c5/d5/e5, b7/c7/d7/e 7).

The microstrip line at the input port side of the phase shift output path has a length of L_f1Length L of microstrip transmission line on output port side_fiAnd setting according to the phase shift amount set by the branch, and respectively bending the microstrip transmission lines of each branch for processing on the same single-layer PCB. Firstly, judging whether the ratio of the bypass capacitance and the cascade capacitance of the branch can be realized according to the ratio of the bypass capacitance and the cascade capacitance and the phase offset set by the branch, and if so, obtaining the design parameter theta of the fan-shaped branch according to the ratio of the bypass capacitance and the cascade capacitance_mAnd L_mAnd the capacitance value of the patch capacitor, otherwise, the resonant frequency of the branch circuit is adjusted and the steps are repeated. Four high-impedance microstrip lines are used as a cascade inductor and a parallel inductor, and the lengths L of the four high-impedance microstrip lines are adjusted_siAnd L_piThe corresponding inductance value is obtained, thereby controlling the center frequency of the phase shifter. Width W of microstrip transmission line and high impedance microstrip line₀、W_sAnd W_pAnd the width W of the bottom of the fan-shaped branch_mSet according to impedance matching.

In order to verify the above theoretical analysis, the embodiment of the present invention designs a five-way broadband miniaturized differential phase shifter with a center frequency of 2.0GHz and a frequency band bandwidth of 80%. The substrate medium used was RO4003C from Rogers, dielectric constant ∈ r 3.55, thickness h 0.508mm, and loss tangent tan δ 0.0027. GRM1555C1H1R3WA01, GRM1555C2A1R6WA01, GRM1555C2A2R0WA01, GRM1555C2A3R0WA01 and GRM1555C2A6R2WA01 of Murata are adopted for each path patch capacitor. The specific design parameters for each phase shift path are detailed in the following table.

TABLE 1 design parameters

Fig. 7 to 11 show the simulated and tested amplitude frequency response of each channel, and it can be found that the electromagnetic simulation curve of the amplitude response substantially matches the measured curve. In the actually measured amplitude response data, the relative bandwidth with the return loss larger than 10dB is more than 82%, the overall bandwidth is 1.2-2.87 GHz and the relative bandwidth is 82.1%, and the transmission coefficients from the input port to the output port are basically 1 within 82% of the frequency band, so that the broadband low-loss transmission is realized. Experimental results prove that the multi-path differential phase shifter has the broadband stability and meets the design indexes.

Fig. 12 shows that the insertion loss was measured with a maximum insertion loss of less than 1.05dB and an amplitude imbalance of less than 0.29dB over the bandwidth.

Fig. 13 is a graph showing simulated and tested phase response frequency curves of the phase shift output paths, and it can be found that the simulation results and the test results of the phase response are substantially identical, and the measured phase shifts of the branches in the frequency band of 1.22 to 2.86GHz are 45 ° ± 4 °,90 ° ± 5 °,135 ° ± 5 ° and 180 ° ± 6.3 °. The relative bandwidth of the multi-path broadband differential phase shifter is 80.4% by combining the amplitude frequency response of each path, and the working frequency is from 1.22GHz to 2.86 GHz.

Experimental results prove that the design of the multi-path broadband differential phase shifter has a broadband phase shifting function, so that the multi-path broadband differential phase shifter can be well applied to high-performance broadband miniaturized beam forming antenna arrays and beam forming networks. Also, the overall size of each phase shift path in the above-described embodiment is less than 0.30 λ g × 0.26 λ g (λ g is the waveguide wavelength at the center frequency point). The invention is a multi-path differential phase shifter which is known at present and realizes the widest output bandwidth of 0-180 degrees of multi-path phase shift, and has the advantages of small size, low insertion loss, stable performance, easy processing and integration and the like.

The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.