阅读说明：本技术 一种隔热保温及隔音降噪一体化材料及其制备方法 (Heat-insulation, heat-preservation, sound-insulation and noise-reduction integrated material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 韦红余 吴建雄 张逍 熊大江 钟涛 董丽丽 梁以恒 陈海吉 于 2020-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种隔热保温及隔音降噪一体化材料及其制备方法,属于表面工程领域,通过机械方法,实现金属结构多功能一体化再造,解决了工程中隔热、隔音结构复杂,环境不友好,效率不高等问题,金属基体主要起承载作用；空隙与植入功能相主要起保温、吸振与降噪作用；过渡层主要起隔防热作用；表面纹理主要起减阻减振作用。本发明采用机械方式,辅以超声激励作用,诱导功能相与基体材料发生原位相变反应,形成金属基陶瓷表面或近陶瓷表面。过程中,再造工具按设定的程序微压入合金表面作路径性旋转摩擦运动,驱使材料产生剧烈的塑性流变,形成表面纹理结构；断面产生渐变扭曲,致使结构自其外侧到基体实现梯度无缝过渡。(The invention discloses a heat-insulation, heat-preservation, sound-insulation and noise-reduction integrated material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of surface engineering, wherein a mechanical method is adopted to realize multifunctional integrated reconstruction of a metal structure, so that the problems of complex heat-insulation and sound-insulation structure, environmental unfriendliness, low efficiency and the like in engineering are solved, and a metal substrate mainly plays a bearing role; the gap and the implantation function mainly play roles in heat preservation, vibration absorption and noise reduction; the transition layer mainly plays a role in heat insulation and heat protection; the surface texture mainly plays a role in resistance reduction and vibration reduction. The invention adopts a mechanical mode and is assisted with ultrasonic excitation to induce the functional phase and the matrix material to generate in-situ phase change reaction to form the metal matrix ceramic surface or the near ceramic surface. In the process, a reconstruction tool is pressed into the surface of the alloy in a micro-pressing mode according to a set program to perform path-type rotary friction motion, so that the material is driven to generate violent plastic rheological flow, and a surface texture structure is formed; the section is gradually distorted, so that gradient seamless transition of the structure from the outer side of the structure to the substrate is realized.)

1. The integrated material is characterized in that a functional phase is implanted into the surface of a metal matrix, the uppermost layer of the material structure is a transition layer with a specific texture structure on the surface, and an uncompressed implanted functional phase and a gap are arranged below the transition layer; the surface of the metal matrix after the functional phase is implanted is a metal matrix ceramic surface with a texture structure or a near-ceramic functional surface; the functional phase and the metal matrix are subjected to in-situ phase change, the surface of the material is textured, and the section of the functional surface with the texture structure is gradually distorted, so that gradient seamless transition of the structure from the outer side of the structure to the matrix is realized.

2. The integrated material for heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction according to claim 1, wherein the functional phases are regularly and equally spaced.

3. The integrated material for heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the surface of the functional phase in contact with the metal matrix is smooth and free from cracks.

4. The integrated material of claim 1, wherein the transition layer is a dense material.

5. The integrated material of claim 4, wherein the dense material is a metal-based ceramic or a near-ceramic.

6. The integrated thermal and acoustic insulation and noise reduction material of claim 1, wherein the voids are filled with a thermal/shock absorbing/noise reducing material.

7. A preparation method of a heat insulation and heat preservation and sound insulation and noise reduction integrated material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1: implanting a functional phase on the surface of the high-strength alloy substrate by adopting a mechanical implantation mode;

step 2: through a progressive metal surface micro-nano modification technology (MIMST), a reproducing tool is micro-pressed into the alloy surface according to a set program to do path rotary friction motion and compress the surface of a base material, so that the material is driven to generate severe plastic rheology, the motion track of a cutter is controlled through self-set programming, and after the material passes through the whole surface, the material moves to a depressed surface which is previously compressed in a downward pressing direction;

and step 3: repeating step 2 until the surface material is compressed to a predefined thickness to produce a layer of metal-based ceramic or near-ceramic functional surface having a specific texture.

8. The method for preparing the integrated material with heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction functions as claimed in claim 7, wherein the uppermost layer of the prepared material structure is a transition layer with a specific texture structure on the surface, and an uncompressed implanted functional phase and a gap are arranged below the transition layer.

9. The method for preparing the integrated material with heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction functions as claimed in claim 7, wherein step 2 is assisted by ultrasonic excitation.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface engineering, and particularly relates to a heat-insulation and heat-preservation sound-insulation noise-reduction integrated material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The aerospace heat insulation and protection technology has important significance on the safety performance of space shuttles and hypersonic aircrafts, and is known as one of the key manufacturing technologies in the 21 st century. Based on the excellent characteristics exhibited by the size effect of the micro-nano material, the micro-nano technology is combined with surface engineering, and the developed surface micro-nano modification technology is a research hotspot of the current surface engineering. However, the existing modification technology has the problems of poor binding force, difficulty in coating materials with complex shapes, low yield, low efficiency, environmental pollution and the like, so that the requirements of product performance and the requirements of economy, environmental protection and sustainability are difficult to meet.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a heat insulation and heat preservation and sound insulation and noise reduction integrated material and a preparation method thereof, and realizes the integrated design of heat insulation and heat preservation and sound insulation and noise reduction of the material in a mechanical and numerical control combined mode.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a heat insulation and heat preservation and sound insulation and noise reduction integrated material is characterized in that a functional phase is implanted into the surface of a metal substrate, the uppermost layer of the material structure is a transition layer with a specific texture structure on the surface, and an uncompressed implanted functional phase and a gap are arranged below the transition layer; the surface of the metal matrix after the functional phase is implanted is a metal matrix ceramic surface with a texture structure or a near-ceramic functional surface; the functional phase and the metal matrix are subjected to in-situ phase change to texture the material, and the section of the functional surface with the texture structure is gradually distorted, so that gradient seamless transition of the structure from the outer side of the structure to the matrix is realized.

In the material, the functional phases are regularly distributed at equal intervals, and the surface of the functional phase, which is in contact with the metal matrix, has smooth texture and does not generate cracks; the transition layer is a compact material, preferably metal-based ceramic or near ceramic; the gap is filled with a heat preservation/noise reduction/vibration absorption material.

A preparation method of a heat insulation and heat preservation and sound insulation and noise reduction integrated material comprises the following steps:

step 1: implanting a functional phase on the surface of the high-strength alloy substrate by adopting a mechanical implantation mode;

step 2: through a progressive metal surface micro-nano modification technology (MIMST), a reproducing tool is micro-pressed into the alloy surface according to a set program to do path rotary friction motion and compress the surface of a base material, so that the material is driven to generate severe plastic rheology, the motion track of a cutter is controlled through self-set programming, and after the material passes through the whole surface, the material moves to a depressed surface which is previously compressed in a downward pressing direction;

and step 3: repeating step 2 until the surface material is compressed to a predefined thickness to produce a layer of metal-based ceramic or near-ceramic functional surface having a specific texture.

In the above steps, the uppermost layer of the prepared structure is a transition layer with a specific texture structure on the surface, and an uncompressed functional phase and a gap are arranged below the transition layer; and step 2, assisting ultrasonic excitation.

Has the advantages that: the invention provides a heat-insulation, heat-preservation, sound-insulation and noise-reduction integrated material and a preparation method thereof, which realize the multifunctional integration reconstruction of a metal (such as aluminum alloy, magnesium-lithium alloy and the like) structure by a mechanical method, solve the problems of complex heat-insulation and sound-insulation structure, unfriendly environment, low efficiency and the like in engineering, do not need to depend on any auxiliary device, achieve the aim of light weight of a product, increase the surface free energy of the material, induce a reinforcing phase to generate in-situ phase change reaction with a matrix material, texture the material, and simultaneously generate gradual change distortion on a section, so that the gradient seamless transition of the structure from the outer side of the material to the matrix is realized, and simultaneously, the hardness; wherein the metal matrix mainly plays a bearing role; the gaps and the implanted functional phases (such as aerogel, carbide, nitride, oxide and the like) mainly play roles in heat preservation, vibration absorption and noise reduction; the transition layer mainly plays a role in heat insulation and heat protection; the surface texture mainly plays a role in resistance reduction and vibration reduction; the invention adopts a mechanical mode and is assisted with ultrasonic excitation to induce the functional phase and the matrix material to generate in-situ phase change reaction to form the metal matrix ceramic surface or the near ceramic surface. In the process, a reconstruction tool is pressed into the surface of the alloy in a micro-pressing mode according to a set program to perform path-type rotary friction motion, so that the material is driven to generate violent plastic rheological flow, and a surface texture structure is formed; the section is gradually distorted, so that gradient seamless transition is realized from the outer side of the structure to the substrate; the heat insulation and heat preservation, the sound insulation and noise reduction, the numerical control technology, the surface metallurgy and the micro-structure resistance reduction are integrated and introduced into the field of metal surface engineering; the technology is suitable for large-scale metal plate forming, has no pollution and low cost, and can realize green production of surface engineering.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the integration of heat insulation, heat preservation, sound insulation and noise reduction in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an integrated material for heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the heat-insulating and sound-insulating three-dimensional temperature distribution of the integrated material for heat insulation and sound insulation and noise reduction in the embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the temperature distribution of the heat-insulating section of the integrated material for heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction in the embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a temperature profile of the thermal insulation, filled aerogel voids, unfilled aerogel voids and blank control of the thermal insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction integrated material in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of an integrated material for heat insulation, sound insulation and noise reduction according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a frequency response diagram of sound insulation and noise reduction with a gap and without a gap of the integrated material for heat insulation and sound insulation and noise reduction in the embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT (S) OF INVENTION

The invention is described in detail below with reference to the following figures and specific examples:

as shown in fig. 1, a heat-insulating, sound-insulating and noise-reducing integrated material is a metal substrate with a functional phase implanted on the surface, wherein the uppermost layer of the prepared structure is a transition layer with a specific texture structure on the surface, and the functional phase and a gap are arranged below the transition layer; the surface of the metal matrix after the functional phase is implanted is a metal matrix ceramic surface with a texture structure or a near-ceramic functional surface; the functional phase and the high-strength alloy matrix are subjected to in-situ phase change to texture the material, and the section of the functional surface with the texture structure is gradually distorted, so that gradient seamless transition of the structure from the outer side of the structure to the matrix is realized.

In the material, the functional phases are regularly distributed at equal intervals, and the surface of the functional phase, which is in contact with the metal matrix, has smooth texture and does not generate cracks; the transition layer is made of compact materials; preferably a metal-based ceramic; the gap is filled with a heat preservation/noise reduction/vibration absorption material.

A preparation method of a heat insulation and heat preservation and sound insulation and noise reduction integrated material comprises the following steps:

firstly, implanting functional phases on the surface of a high-strength alloy substrate by adopting a mechanical implantation mode (the mechanical implantation can enable the functional phase to be designed in various ways such as substrate material, shape and size, air gap filling aerogel, transition layer thickness and the like), wherein the functions are arranged at regular equal intervals correspondingly, the inner surface of the high-strength alloy substrate is smooth in texture and cannot crack, and dense materials are filled to form the transition layer; then, by means of a progressive metal surface micro-nano modification technology (MIMST), namely, with the assistance of ultrasonic excitation, a reconstruction tool is used for contacting the surface of a base material, the modification tool is rotated in a local area and the surface of the material is compressed, the motion track of a cutter is controlled through programming, and after the whole surface is penetrated, the cutter moves to the concave surface which is compressed previously in a downward pressing direction. This process continues until the surface material is compressed to a predefined thickness; the material is driven to generate violent plastic rheological behavior, a layer of metal-based ceramic or near-ceramic functional surface with a specific texture structure is prepared, namely numerical control processing is adopted, ultrasonic excitation is assisted, so that the free energy of the surface of the material is increased, and the induced enhancement phase and the matrix material generate in-situ phase change reaction to form the metal-based ceramic surface or the near-ceramic functional surface; the thickness of the hardened surface can be varied by changing the passes of the action (the thickness per pass is kept in the order of microns) and the tool progressively compresses the surface material, creating high hydrostatic pressure. The process can realize integration of heat insulation and heat preservation, sound insulation and noise reduction of the material, form a textured surface to improve a friction mode, simultaneously improve the hardness of a surface layer and a subsurface layer, and change the hardening degree by changing the processing parameters in figure 1, wherein the specific process parameters are as follows:

Δ_Zamount of pressing down of a single layer

ω_tTool rotational speed

V_t-tool feed line speed

R_tTool radius

Δ_d-secondary feed overlap ratio

Δ_tTotal amount of depression

N_PAnd processing passes.

Example 1

The structure of the integrated material is shown in figure 2, and the integrated material is divided into a heat insulation transition layer with a textured surface, a gap with the functions of heat preservation, vibration absorption and noise reduction, an implantation function and a metal matrix with the function of bearing.

In the embodiment, regarding the heat insulation function, a material 1 model is established, the overall model is 120mm × 120mm × 20mm, 64 round holes are arranged on the processing surface at equal intervals, and a metal-based SiC ceramic (or near ceramic) functional surface with the thickness of 2mm is formed after numerical control processing; the rest area of the round hole is provided with SiO2 aerogel with the height of 0.5mm and the radius of 2 mm; the rest of the base body is aluminum alloy. The structure forms an integral structure, namely an integrated structure for heat insulation, heat preservation, sound insulation and noise reduction. In order to verify the heat insulation function of the material 1, a material 2 and a material 3 with the same external dimension are respectively arranged:

the overall model of the material 2 is 120mm multiplied by 20mm, the upper layer is a metal-based SiC ceramic (or near ceramic) functional surface with the thickness of 2mm, and the lower layer is an aluminum alloy matrix with the thickness of 15 mm.

The material 3 had an overall model of 120mm × 120mm × 20mm and was entirely made of one material of aluminum alloy.

Under the working condition that the temperature of the side wall surface (outer wall surface) of the functional surface is 230K, the temperature of the other side wall surface (inner wall surface) is 300K, air convection is carried out, and the peripheral wall surfaces are thermal insulation, a three-dimensional temperature distribution schematic diagram of the material 1 is obtained through simulation calculation and is shown in figure 3, a section temperature distribution schematic diagram of the material is shown in figure 4, the temperature gradient change at a gap for heat preservation 2mm away from the outer surface is obviously slowed down or even tends to be unchanged, and the temperature gradient of the whole structure is suddenly changed into the temperature close to that of the gap-free structure (material 2) due to the influence of a non-porous area with poor heat preservation effect until the position; the temperature change curves of the material structure compared with the material 2 (no gap set as aerogel and uncompressed implantation functional phase) and the material 3 (single aluminum alloy base material) are shown in fig. 5, and the simulation result shows that the temperature of the inner wall surface is improved by 7.683K compared with the material 3 (single aluminum alloy base material control group) due to the existence of the transition layer with heat insulation effect and the implantation functional phase with heat insulation effect and the gap (set as SiO2 aerogel); because of the existence of the gaps with the heat preservation effect and the implantation function phase (set as SiO2 aerogel), the temperature of the inner wall surface is improved by 0.367K compared with the material 2 (no aerogel control group is set).

Example 2

In the present embodiment, regarding the sound insulation and noise reduction functions, in order to verify the noise reduction effect of the gap, a material 4 model is established, and the structure is shown in fig. 6, the overall model is 120mm × 120mm × 20mm, the upper layer is a SiC ceramic material with a thickness of 2mm, and the lower layer is an aluminum alloy material with a thickness of 18 mm. On the contact surface of the aluminum alloy material and the SiC ceramic, 64 round holes with the radius of 2mm and the depth of 0.5mm are arranged at equal intervals, and the materials form an integral structure. In order to verify the sound insulation and noise reduction functions of the material 4, the material 5 with the same external dimension is set, the overall model of the material 5 is 120mm multiplied by 20mm, the upper layer is made of SiC ceramic material with the thickness of 2mm, the lower layer is made of aluminum alloy material with the thickness of 18mm, and compared with the material 4, no circular hole is arranged inside the material.

The loudness curves of the material 4 and the material 5 obtained through simulation calculation are compared with each other as shown in fig. 7, and the simulation result shows that the amplitude of the material 4 (with the internal holes) is reduced from 1.65e-08m to 1.33e-08m at the vibration frequency of the aircraft engine (1050Hz to 1060Hz) and is reduced by about 19.4% compared with the material 5 due to the internal holes with the noise reduction effect.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made based on the above technical solutions and concepts, and all such changes and modifications should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.