阅读说明：本技术 一种模拟步进电机 (Analog stepping motor ) 是由 伊双清 于 2021-04-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种模拟步进电机,其特征在于在直流减速电机的动力输出轴上装配有磁铁盘,磁铁盘内安装有磁体,控制电路板的前端焊接有一个双极锁存霍尔元件,该双极锁存霍尔元件工作区被置于磁铁盘的后部,所述的控制电路板上设计有五个接线端,其中Mp1与Mp2为电机接线端,out为双极锁存霍尔元件脉冲输出端,其余两个为正、负极电源接线端。本发明的有益效果是可以在现有所有型号的直流电机基础上进行改造,将其变为“步进电机”,故“步进电机”的型号和规格得以拓展,且电路控制部分也比较简单,只需占用三个控制引脚,节省单片机引脚资源。装置结构简单、实现成本低、应用潜力大。(An analog stepping motor is characterized in that a magnet disc is assembled on a power output shaft of a direct-current speed reduction motor, a magnet is installed in the magnet disc, a bipolar latching Hall element is welded at the front end of a control circuit board, the working area of the bipolar latching Hall element is arranged at the rear part of the magnet disc, five wiring terminals are designed on the control circuit board, wherein Mp1 and Mp2 are motor wiring terminals, out is a pulse output end of the bipolar latching Hall element, and the other two wiring terminals are a positive power supply wiring terminal and a negative power supply wiring terminal. The invention has the advantages that the DC motor can be transformed into a stepping motor on the basis of the existing DC motors with all models, so that the models and specifications of the stepping motor can be expanded, the circuit control part is simpler, only three control pins are occupied, and the pin resources of a singlechip are saved. The device has simple structure, low realization cost and great application potential.)

1. An analog stepping motor is characterized in that a magnet disc (5) is assembled on a power output shaft of a direct-current speed reduction motor (4), a magnet (6) is installed in the magnet disc (5), a bipolar latching Hall element (2) is welded at the front end of a control circuit board (1), and the working area of the bipolar latching Hall element (2) is arranged at the rear part of the magnet disc (5).

2. The control circuit board (1) according to claim 1, wherein five terminals are designed on it, wherein Mp1 and Mp2 are motor terminals, out is the pulse output terminal of the bipolar latching hall element (2), and the other two terminals are positive and negative power terminals.

Technical Field

The present invention relates to an analog step motor, and is characterized by that it adopts Hall sensor to measure several magnets rotated on the magnet disk so as to attain the goal of controlling rotating angle of motor shaft, and uses the program code of single-chip computer to implement concrete circuit control work. The invention relates to the technical fields of electronic engineering, program design, mechanical design and the like.

Background

The stepping motor is one of motors, and the motor generally adopts a stator formed by even-numbered groups of windings, so that the motor can accurately rotate a set angle value by sequentially electrifying coils. The motor is widely applied to the fields of machine tool control, robots, 3D printers and the like. In many occasions requiring low rotating speed and large torque, the motor is generally matched with a proper speed change device for use. The main problems of this type of motor are: compared with the common direct current motor, the direct current motor has the advantages of less specific models, smaller selectable range of users, complex structure and higher price. In addition, the motor needs more control pins, and occupies more pin resources of the single chip microcomputer. Taking a four-phase five-wire stepping motor as an example, the motor has four control wires and one positive power line. And the pins of four single-chip microcomputers are occupied under the condition of using the motor driving chip. For a five-phase stepping motor, the number of outgoing lines can be as many as 10, which is very serious in occupation of pin resources of a single chip microcomputer. The current state of the art stepper motors described above greatly limits their range of applications.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects of the traditional stepping motor, the invention adopts a Hall sensor to measure a plurality of magnets rotating on a magnet disc so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the rotating angle of the rotating shaft of the motor, and uses a singlechip program code to complete the specific circuit control work, and the specific technical scheme is as follows.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an analog stepping motor is characterized in that a magnet disc (5) is assembled on a power output shaft of a direct-current speed reduction motor (4), a magnet (6) is installed in the magnet disc (5), a bipolar latching Hall element (2) is welded at the front end of a control circuit board (1), and the working area of the bipolar latching Hall element (2) is arranged at the rear part of the magnet disc (5); preferably, five terminals are designed on the control circuit board (1), wherein Mp1 and Mp2 are motor terminals, out is a pulse output terminal of the bipolar latching hall element (2), and the other two terminals are positive and negative power terminals.

The invention has the advantages that the DC motor can be transformed into a stepping motor on the basis of the existing DC motors with all models, so that the models and specifications of the stepping motor can be expanded, the circuit control part is simpler, only three control pins are occupied, and the pin resources of a singlechip are saved. The device has simple structure, low realization cost and great application potential.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the figures and examples.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the device

FIG. 2 is an exploded view of the components of the apparatus

FIG. 3 Motor housing

FIG. 4 is a hardware circuit diagram

In the figure 2, 1 is a control circuit board, 2 is a bipolar latch Hall element, 3 is a motor outer cover piece, 4 is a direct current speed reducing motor, 5 is a magnet disc, and 6 is a magnet; r1 in fig. 4 is a resistor.

Detailed Description

The assembling process comprises the following steps: the main part of the present invention is assembled as shown in fig. 2, and the circuit part is connected to the single chip microcomputer as shown in fig. 4 (here, the Arduino Aano single chip microcomputer is taken as an example to illustrate, and the motor driving chip is L293D). Note: the direct current speed reduction motor (4) is provided with a speed reduction device, the speed reduction device can reduce the output rotating speed of the motor and improve the output torque, and the inertia rotation phenomenon generated by sudden power failure in the rotation of the motor is restrained, and the rotation precision of the device can be influenced by the inertia rotation phenomenon.

Software and program: the invention takes Arduino IDE integrated development environment as an example to compile C language programs. An example program code thereof is as follows.

int z = 12// forward rotation variable

int f = 6// reverse rotation variable

int n = 0// defining a pulse width recording variable

int m = 0// defining a pulse count variable

void setup() {

Begin (9600);/set the system baud rate

pinMode (4, OUTPUT), setting pin No. 4 as OUTPUT mode

pinMode (5, OUTPUT), setting pin No. 5 as OUTPUT mode

pinMode (6, OUTPUT), setting pin No. 6 as OUTPUT mode

pinMode (A6, INPUT)// setting pin A6 as INPUT mode for detecting pulse signal

}

void loop() {

if (m < Z) {// m is smaller than set Z value, the motor rotates in forward direction

digitalWrite(4,LOW);

digitalWrite(5,HIGH);

analogWrite (6, 255);/set motor speed

}

if (Z < = m) {// m value is greater than or equal to set Z value, the motor rotates reversely

digitalWrite(4,HIGH);

digitalWrite(5,LOW);

analogWrite (6, 255);/set motor speed

}

if (Z + f) <= m) {// m value is greater than or equal to the sum of the set Z and f values, the motor stops rotating

digitalWrite(4,LOW);

digitalWrite(5,LOW);

analogWrite (6, 0);/set motor speed

}

n = pulseIn (A6, HIGH), bonding pin No. A6 at out terminal of the control circuit board, and the pulseIn () function is used for reading pulse value of pin A6

if (n! = 0)// when n is not equal to zero indicates that there is a pulse generated

{

m = m + 1// counting pulses using m values

}

Println (m);/printing the count value on the port monitor for debugging

}

The specific working principle is as follows: in the above procedure, Z represents the angle of forward rotation, since 5 magnets (6) can be installed in the magnet disc (5) at the same time, in this example, one pulse value will generate 72 degrees of rotation, when Z =12, the power output shaft of the dc speed-reducing motor (4) will rotate 864 degrees, i.e. 2.4 turns, and similarly, f =6 means that the motor will rotate 1.2 turns in the reverse direction after that. Setting the axes of rotation to different integer values for z and f will rotate in the respective directions of rotation.

The use of a "pulseIn ()" function in the program, which detects the pulse signal and returns a pulse width value if it detects the presence of a periodically changing electrical pulse on the pin, is particularly important, and this value is assigned to the variable n, which is no longer zero. Therefore, the statement condition "if (n! = 0)" holds, "m = m +1; "begin pulse count. When the value of m is smaller than the set value of Z, the motor rotates in the positive direction; when the value of m is larger than or equal to the set value of Z, the motor rotates reversely; and when the m value is larger than or equal to the sum of the set Z value and the set f value, the motor stops rotating.

The pulse wave mainly depends on the fact that after a magnet (6) on a magnet disc (5) sweeps a bipolar latching Hall element (2), the element generates periodic on-state and off-state changes, so that a voltage pulse signal is output at an output end out of the element, the end is connected to a pin A6 of an Arduino Aano single chip microcomputer, the single chip microcomputer can detect the pulse according to setting, and therefore the rotation direction and the rotation angle of the motor can be accurately controlled by matching with the program.