阅读说明：本技术 一种用于碳基复合材料热等静压装置及复合材料制备方法 (Hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite material and preparation method of composite material ) 是由 张涛 温广武 郝桓民 范丽君 于 2020-12-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种用于碳基复合材料热等静压装置,包括转筒室、铁磁性感应包覆金属套、环形交变感应线圈、控制器、离心动力组件和传感器系统单元,所述铁磁性感应包覆金属套置于所述转筒室的内部,所述环形交变感应线圈绕于所述转筒室的外侧,所述离心动力组件带动所述转筒室转动,所述离心动力组件包括驱动电机,所述驱动电机的电机轴从所述转筒室的下端穿入所述转筒室的内部,所述控制器与所述的转筒室通过总线连接,所述控制器与所述的传感器系统单元通过无线关联。所述的热等静压装置采用感应加热和离心加载的方式进行碳基复合材料的烧结和致密化,设备结构简单,无需高温高压密封容器,使用更加安全,设备制造成本和使用维护成本更低。(The invention relates to a hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials, which comprises a rotary drum chamber, a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, an annular alternating induction coil, a controller, a centrifugal power assembly and a sensor system unit, wherein the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve is arranged inside the rotary drum chamber, the annular alternating induction coil is wound on the outer side of the rotary drum chamber, the centrifugal power assembly drives the rotary drum chamber to rotate, the centrifugal power assembly comprises a driving motor, a motor shaft of the driving motor penetrates into the rotary drum chamber from the lower end of the rotary drum chamber, the controller is connected with the rotary drum chamber through a bus, and the controller is wirelessly connected with the sensor system unit. The hot isostatic pressing device adopts the modes of induction heating and centrifugal loading to sinter and densify the carbon-based composite material, the equipment structure is simple, a high-temperature and high-pressure sealed container is not needed, the use is safer, and the equipment manufacturing cost and the use and maintenance cost are lower.)

1. A hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials is characterized by comprising a rotary drum chamber (1), a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2), an annular alternating induction coil (3), a controller (4), a centrifugal power assembly and a sensor system unit, the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2) is arranged inside the rotary drum chamber (1), the annular alternating induction coil (3) is wound on the outer side of the rotary drum chamber (1), the centrifugal power component drives the rotary drum chamber (1) to rotate, the centrifugal power component comprises a driving motor (5), a motor shaft (6) of the driving motor (5) penetrates into the rotary drum chamber (1) from the lower end of the rotary drum chamber (1), the controller (4) is connected with the rotary drum chamber (1) through a bus (7), and the controller (4) is wirelessly associated with the sensor system unit.

2. The hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials according to claim 1, wherein said sensor system unit comprises an angular velocity sensor (8), an infrared temperature sensor (9) and a centrifugal force sensor (10), said angular velocity sensor (8) being mounted outside said rotor chamber (1), said infrared temperature sensor (9) being mounted inside said rotor chamber (1), said centrifugal force sensor (10) being mounted on a motor shaft (6) of said driving motor (5), said centrifugal force sensor (10) being located inside said rotor chamber (1).

3. The hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials according to claim 1, wherein a carbon fiber woven body is fixed on the inner side wall of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2), asphalt powder is accumulated inside the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2), the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2) is fixed on the side wall of the rotor chamber (1), the carbon fiber woven body layer is close to the wall of the rotor chamber (1), and the asphalt powder layer is close to the motor shaft (6).

4. A hot isostatic pressing arrangement for carbon-based composite materials according to claim 3, wherein said ferromagnetic induction clad metal sheath (2) has a thickness of 0.03-0.5 mm.

5. A hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials according to claim 3, wherein said ferromagnetic induction clad metal sheath (2) is made of iron-nickel alloy, carbon steel or cobalt-based alloy.

6. The hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the hot isostatic pressing device comprises a work-control screen, and the rotation speed, temperature and pressure signals collected and processed by the controller (4) are displayed on the work-control screen.

7. A method for manufacturing a composite material by using the hot isostatic pressing device according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the method comprises the steps of:

1) placing the carbon fiber woven body in a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2), and fixing the carbon fiber woven body on the inner side wall of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2);

2) grinding asphalt into 200-mesh 500-mesh powder, placing the powder into the ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve (2) in the step 1), and uniformly accumulating the ground asphalt powder above the carbon fiber woven body;

3) sealing the opening of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2) and vacuumizing;

4) the sealed ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve (2) is symmetrically and vertically arranged on the inner wall of the rotary drum and fixed, wherein the carbon fiber woven body layer is close to the wall of the rotary drum, and the asphalt powder layer is close to a motor shaft (6);

5) and starting a driving motor (5) to drive the rotary drum chamber (1) to rotate, controlling an annular alternating induction coil (3) to excite medium-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic waves to perform wireless induction heating on the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve (2), preserving heat, cooling and stopping the rotation of the rotary drum chamber (1) to obtain the composite material.

8. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein in step 5), when the rotation speed of the rotating chamber (1) is increased to 6500-; further heating to 450 ℃ and 650 ℃, and preserving the heat for 20-30 min; finally, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ and 1350 ℃, and the temperature is preserved for 120 min and 150 min; and (3) stopping heating after heat preservation, and taking out the composite material after the rotating speed of the rotary drum chamber (1) is gradually reduced to 0.

9. The method of claim 7, wherein the carbon fiber woven body is a needle punched/interlaminated stitch, 2.5D or three-dimensional woven body.

10. The method for preparing a composite material according to claim 7, wherein in the step 3), the vacuum is applied until the air pressure in the ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve (2) is less than 10 Pa.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a hot isostatic pressing device for a carbon-based composite material and a preparation method of the composite material, and belongs to the technical field of carbon-based composite materials.

Background

The carbon-based composite material reinforced by the carbon fiber woven body has the characteristics of high temperature resistance, small thermal expansion, good high-temperature strength and the like, so that the carbon-based composite material has irreplaceable advantages in the field of thermal structural materials, such as aviation and aerospace thermal ablation parts and thermal field structural materials, and most of the carbon-based composite material reinforced by the carbon fiber woven body is adopted. The preparation of the carbon fiber braided body composite material is mainly realized by two methods, namely a Chemical Vapor Infiltration (CVI) method and a Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) method. The chemical vapor infiltration can obtain more ideal density of the composite material, but the deposition efficiency is lower, and the preparation process is long, so the manufacturing cost is high, and the delivery cycle is prolonged. The hot isostatic pressing method adopts a high-temperature and high-pressure process, so that the densification process is greatly shortened, and the high-density carbon fiber braided body composite material can be rapidly prepared, so that the hot isostatic pressing method is gradually applied to the aerospace field and is one of the mainstream directions of the future carbon-based composite material preparation technology.

However, the existing hot isostatic pressing equipment mainly uses graphite or an electrothermal metal material as a heating body, which brings difficulty to the sealing of a high-pressure container and has higher requirement on a heat shielding layer; in addition, the conventional hot isostatic pressing equipment mainly adopts Ar or N₂As a pressure transmission medium, densification of the composite material to be sintered by obtaining a high-temperature and high-pressure environment through expansion of gas at high temperature brings great test on sealing and structural safety of the equipment, and this type of high-pressure vessel equipment generally requires annual inspection and rigorous maintenance, so that the manufacturing cost and the use and maintenance cost of the equipment are high.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides the hot isostatic pressing device for the carbon-based composite material and the preparation method of the composite material, wherein the hot isostatic pressing device is used for sintering and densifying the carbon-based composite material in an induction heating and centrifugal loading mode, the equipment structure is simpler, and a high-temperature and high-pressure sealed container is not needed, so that the equipment is safer to use, and the equipment manufacturing cost and the use and maintenance cost are lower.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials comprises a rotary drum chamber, a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, an annular alternating induction coil, a controller, a centrifugal power assembly and a sensor system unit, wherein the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve is arranged inside the rotary drum chamber, the annular alternating induction coil is wound on the outer side of the rotary drum chamber, the centrifugal power assembly drives the rotary drum chamber to rotate, the centrifugal power assembly comprises a driving motor, a motor shaft of the driving motor penetrates into the inside of the rotary drum chamber from the lower end of the rotary drum chamber, the controller is connected with the rotary drum chamber through a bus, and the controller is wirelessly connected with the sensor system unit.

Drum chamber containing composite material: for placing the carbon fiber braid and carbon material (such as pitch or graphite powder-added modified pitch) to be sintered and densified; the rotary drum chamber can be disassembled and replaced, and can be used for preparing composite materials with different sizes.

Annular alternating induction coil: the electromagnetic induction heating device is used for exciting medium-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic waves to perform wireless induction heating on the ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve.

The controller can set the operating speed rpm of the rotary drum chamber and the power of the annular alternating induction coil and control the emergency stop brake, and can acquire and process signals of the rotating speed, the temperature and the pressure and display the signals on the industrial control screen; the heating time, heating profile was recorded.

Furthermore, the sensor system unit comprises an angular velocity sensor, an infrared temperature measurement sensor and a centrifugal force sensor, the angular velocity sensor is mounted outside the rotary drum chamber, the infrared temperature measurement sensor is mounted inside the rotary drum chamber, the centrifugal force sensor is mounted on a motor shaft of the driving motor, and the centrifugal force sensor is located inside the rotary drum chamber.

The angular velocity sensor is used for monitoring the rotating speed of the rotating drum chamber, the infrared temperature measuring sensor is used for monitoring the temperature of the excrement surface of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, the centrifugal force sensor is used for monitoring the actual centrifugal force obtained by the composite material, and the sensor system units are all in wireless transmission.

The theory used in the infrared sensing test is Planck's law:

E_bλ＝C₁λ^-5/(e^C2/λT-1), wherein λ is the wavelength (m); absolute temperature (K); e the base of the natural logarithm; c₁＝3.743×10^-16(W·m²)；C2＝1.4387×10^-2(K·m)

And wien's law:

Tλ_maxc, where C is a constant (2.8976 × 10)^-3)

The actual temperature of the sample is calculated by measuring the surface infrared wavelength λ max of the sample.

Furthermore, a carbon fiber woven body is fixed on the side wall of the inner portion of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, asphalt powder is accumulated inside the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve is fixed on the side wall of the rotary drum chamber, the carbon fiber woven body layer is close to the drum wall of the rotary drum chamber, and the asphalt powder layer is close to the motor shaft.

Furthermore, the thickness of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve is 0.03-0.5 mm.

Furthermore, the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve is made of iron-nickel alloy, carbon steel or cobalt-based alloy.

Further, the hot isostatic pressing device comprises an industrial control screen, and the rotating speed, the temperature and the pressure signals collected and processed by the controller are displayed on the industrial control screen.

The invention also discloses a preparation method for preparing the composite material by adopting the hot isostatic pressing device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) placing the carbon fiber woven body in a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, and fixing the carbon fiber woven body on the inner side wall of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve;

2) grinding asphalt into 200-mesh 500-mesh powder, placing the powder into the ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve in the step 1), and uniformly accumulating the ground asphalt powder above the carbon fiber woven body;

3) sealing the opening of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, and vacuumizing;

4) symmetrically and vertically placing the sealed ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve on the inner wall of the rotary drum and fixing the metal sleeve, wherein the carbon fiber woven body layer is close to the wall of the rotary drum, and the asphalt powder layer is close to a motor shaft;

5) and starting a driving motor to drive the rotary drum chamber to rotate, controlling an annular alternating induction coil to excite medium-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic waves to perform wireless induction heating on the ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve, and cooling and stopping the rotation of the rotary drum chamber after heat preservation to obtain the composite material.

Preferably, in the step 5), when the rotating speed of the rotary drum chamber is increased to 6500-; further heating to 450 ℃ and 650 ℃, and preserving the heat for 20-30 min; finally, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ and 1350 ℃, and the temperature is preserved for 120 min and 150 min; and (3) stopping heating after heat preservation, and taking out the composite material after the rotating speed of the rotary drum chamber is gradually reduced to 0.

In the initial low-temperature heating section, asphalt is softened and has high fluidity, and moves towards the side of the carbon fiber woven body under the action of centrifugal force and fills pores; in the medium-temperature heating section, asphalt is gradually cracked to decompose gas, the volume of the asphalt is shrunk to form pores, the pores are filled with new viscous-state asphalt, the carbon fibers and the asphalt material with large density are stressed differently under the action of centrifugal force due to different material densities, and the distance between the carbon fibers and the asphalt material with large density is close to the wall surface of the rotary drum to gradually form a compact structure; the gas with low density is far away from the carbon fiber weaving side, and centrifugal separation of solid phase and gas phase is formed. And finally, in a high-temperature heating section, the asphalt is fully cracked, carbonized and crystallized to form the compact asphalt carbon-based composite material.

Preferably, the carbon fiber knitted body is a needle-punched/interlaminar sewing, 2.5D or three-dimensional knitted body.

Preferably, in step 3), vacuum is applied until the pressure in the ferromagnetic induction-coated metal sleeve is less than 10 Pa.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the key problems of the existing hot isostatic pressing sintering equipment, the invention provides the method for sintering and densifying the carbon-based composite material by adopting an induction heating and centrifugal loading mode, the equipment structure is simpler, and a high-temperature and high-pressure sealed container is not needed, so that the equipment is safer to use, and the equipment manufacturing cost and the using and maintaining cost are lower.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a hot isostatic pressing apparatus for carbon-based composites according to an embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the rotor chamber and the annular alternating induction coil;

in the figure, 1 a rotary drum chamber, 2 a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve, 3 an annular alternating induction coil, 4 a controller, 5 a driving motor, 6 a motor shaft, 7 a bus, 8 an angular velocity sensor, 9 an infrared temperature measuring sensor and 10 a centrifugal force sensor.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following embodiments in order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

As shown in the figures, the hot isostatic pressing device for carbon-based composite materials comprises a rotary drum chamber 1, a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2, an annular alternating induction coil 3, a controller 4, a centrifugal power assembly and a sensor system unit, wherein the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2 is arranged inside the rotary drum chamber 1, the annular alternating induction coil 3 is wound outside the rotary drum chamber 1, the centrifugal power assembly drives the rotary drum chamber 1 to rotate, the centrifugal power assembly comprises a driving motor 5, a motor shaft 6 of the driving motor 5 penetrates into the rotary drum chamber 1 from the lower end of the rotary drum chamber 1, the controller 4 is connected with the rotary drum chamber 1 through a bus 7, and the controller 4 is wirelessly associated with the sensor system unit.

The sensor system unit comprises an angular velocity sensor 8, an infrared temperature measurement sensor 9 and a centrifugal force sensor 10, wherein the angular velocity sensor 8 is installed outside the rotary drum chamber 1, the infrared temperature measurement sensor 9 is installed inside the rotary drum chamber 1, the centrifugal force sensor 10 is installed on a motor shaft 6 of the driving motor 5, and the centrifugal force sensor 10 is located inside the rotary drum chamber 1.

The carbon fiber woven body is fixed on the side wall of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2, asphalt powder is accumulated inside the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2, the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2 is fixed on the side wall of the rotary drum chamber 1, the carbon fiber woven body layer is close to the drum wall of the rotary drum chamber 1, and the asphalt powder layer is close to the motor shaft 6.

The thickness of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2 is 0.03-0.5 mm.

The ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2 is made of iron-nickel alloy, carbon steel or cobalt-based alloy.

The hot isostatic pressing device comprises an industrial control screen, and rotating speed, temperature and pressure signals collected and processed by the controller 4 are displayed on the industrial control screen.

The method for preparing the composite material by using the hot isostatic pressing device comprises the following steps:

1) placing a carbon fiber woven body in a ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2, and fixing the carbon fiber woven body on the inner side wall of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2, wherein the carbon fiber woven body is a needle-punched/interlayer sewing, 2.5D or three-dimensional woven body;

2) grinding asphalt into 200-mesh 500-mesh powder, putting the powder into the ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve 2 in the step 1, and uniformly accumulating the ground asphalt powder above the carbon fiber woven body;

3) sealing the opening of the ferromagnetic induction cladding metal sleeve 2, and vacuumizing to the air pressure of less than 10 Pa;

4) the sealed ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve 2 is symmetrically and vertically arranged on the inner wall of the rotary drum and is fixed, wherein the carbon fiber woven body layer is close to the wall of the rotary drum, and the asphalt powder layer is close to the motor shaft 6;

5) and starting a driving motor 5 to drive the rotary drum chamber 1 to rotate, controlling an annular alternating induction coil 3 to excite medium-frequency and high-frequency electromagnetic waves to perform wireless induction heating on the ferromagnetic induction coated metal sleeve 2, and cooling and stopping the rotation of the rotary drum chamber 1 after heat preservation to obtain the composite material.

When the rotating speed of the rotary drum chamber 1 is increased to 6500-; further heating to 450 ℃ and 650 ℃, and preserving the heat for 20-30 min; finally, the temperature is raised to 1000 ℃ and 1350 ℃, and the temperature is preserved for 120 min and 150 min; and (3) stopping heating after heat preservation, and taking out the composite material after the rotating speed of the rotary drum chamber 1 is gradually reduced to 0.

The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.