阅读说明：本技术 一种耐高温镍合金及其制备方法 (High-temperature-resistant nickel alloy and preparation method thereof ) 是由 蒋红军 于 2020-12-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及金属材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐高温镍合金及其制备方法。目前应用的大多数镍铬合金仍然存在高温强度差、使用寿命短的缺点,镍铬合金在1200℃下的普遍快速寿命为80h左右,远不能满足工业用电热元件力学性能要求。基于上述问题,本发明提供一种耐高温镍合金,通过合理的设计电热镍合金的配方,优化真空熔炼过程中的加料顺序,大大提高了电热镍合金的高温寿命和力学强度,本法所制备的耐高温镍合金具有优异的耐高温性能和较高的电阻率,其在1200℃下的快速寿命高达200h以上,其在1100℃下的高温下长期工作的使用寿命可达4000h,具有较好的应用前景。(The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy and a preparation method thereof. Most of the currently applied nickel-chromium alloys still have the defects of poor high-temperature strength and short service life, and the general quick service life of the nickel-chromium alloy at 1200 ℃ is about 80 hours, so that the mechanical property requirement of the industrial electric heating element can not be met. Based on the problems, the invention provides the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy, the formula of the electrothermal nickel alloy is reasonably designed, the charging sequence in the vacuum melting process is optimized, the high-temperature service life and the mechanical strength of the electrothermal nickel alloy are greatly improved, the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy prepared by the method has excellent high-temperature resistance and higher resistivity, the quick service life of the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy at 1200 ℃ is up to more than 200h, the service life of the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy for long-term working at 1100 ℃ can reach 4000h, and the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy has better application prospect.)

1. A high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

Cr 18-21%

W 7.5-8.5%

Mo 7.5-8.5%

Ti 2.5-3.5%

Nb 0.95-1.25%

Mn 0.4-0.6%

C ≤0.03%

Al ≤0.3%

B ≤ 0.01%

Ce ≤ 0.02%

Zr ≤ 0.05%

Si ≤0.3%

P ≤0.015%

S ≤ 0.015%

the balance of Ni.

2. The high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation method is as follows:

(1) proportioning the components according to the proportion, putting the mixture into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature in the refining period at 1550 ℃ in 1500-;

(2) electroslag refining, wherein the refining temperature is controlled at 1520 ℃ and 1580 ℃, the refining voltage is 45-50V, and the refining current is 2500 ℃ and 3000A;

(3) forging at the forging temperature of 1150-;

(4) hot rolling the wire rod, wherein the hot rolling temperature of the forged square rod is 900-1190 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1000 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃;

(5) annealing at the temperature of 900 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for 2 hours;

(6) rinsing: carrying out acid washing and water washing on the hot-rolled wire rod and the annealed blank;

(7) and (4) ash-coating and drying the rinsed wire rod for multiple passes, and drawing → annealing → drawing to obtain a high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy finished product.

3. The high temperature resistant nickel alloy of claim 2, wherein: the raw materials are put into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and the melting stage comprises the following charging sequences: C. cr, Ni, Si, Mo, W, Nb.

4. The high temperature resistant nickel alloy of claim 2, wherein: the raw materials are put into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and the refining period and the charging sequence are as follows: al, Ti, B, Zr.

5. The high temperature resistant nickel alloy of claim 2, wherein: the raw materials are put into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and Ce and Mn are completely added into molten steel and fully and uniformly stirred within 5min before tapping under the protection of inert gas.

6. The high temperature resistant nickel alloy of claim 2, wherein:

the drawing is carried out at a low speed by a single vehicle, and the linear speed is 8-9 m/mint;

the annealing is performed by adopting bright heat treatment annealing, and the annealing temperature is 950-1050 ℃;

the acid liquor in the rinsing and acid washing steps is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: HNO₃：HF：H₂O = 1.5: 0.8: 100, the temperature of the acid liquor is 40-60 ℃, and the acid leaching time is 10-15 min.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of metal materials, in particular to a high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The electrothermal alloy is a resistance alloy which utilizes the resistance characteristic of metal to manufacture a heating element, and the maximum service temperature of the electrothermal alloy can reach 1400 ℃. The electric heating element is widely used for various industrial electric furnaces, laboratory electric furnaces and household appliances. Electrothermal alloys generally have a high electrical resistivity and a stable but low temperature coefficient of resistance, and can generate high heat and stable power by passing current.

At present, the electrothermal alloy material becomes an important engineering alloy material and plays an important role in national economy. With the development of the household appliance industry and the wide use of various industrial electric furnaces, the demand of high-resistance electrothermal alloy is increased sharply. At present, the electric heating element used in industry requires that the material has the excellent performances of high melting point, small thermal expansion coefficient, good oxidation resistance and good high-temperature strength, and also requires that the material has higher resistivity. Most of the currently applied nickel-chromium alloys still have the defects of poor high-temperature strength and short service life, and the general quick service life of the nickel-chromium alloy at 1200 ℃ is about 80 hours, so that the mechanical property requirement of the industrial electric heating element can not be met.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the existing widely used nickel-chromium alloy ERNiCrMo-3 has the defects of poor high-temperature strength and short service life, and the nickel-chromium alloy has a quick service life of about 80 hours at 1200 ℃, so that the mechanical property requirement of an industrial electric heating element can not be met.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention provides a high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

specifically, the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) proportioning the components according to the proportion, putting the mixture into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, controlling the temperature in the refining period at 1550 ℃ in 1500-;

(2) electroslag refining, wherein the refining temperature is controlled at 1520 ℃ and 1580 ℃, the refining voltage is 45-50V, and the refining current is 2500 ℃ and 3000A;

(3) forging at the forging temperature of 1150-;

(4) hot rolling the wire rod, wherein the hot rolling temperature of the forged square rod is 900-1190 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1000 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃;

(5) annealing at the temperature of 900 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for 2 hours;

(6) rinsing: carrying out acid washing and water washing on the hot-rolled wire rod and the annealed blank;

(7) and (4) ash-coating and drying the rinsed wire rod for multiple passes, and drawing → annealing → drawing to obtain a high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy finished product.

Specifically, the raw materials are charged into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and the melting stage comprises the following charging sequence: C. cr, Ni, Si, Mo, W, Nb.

Specifically, the raw materials are charged into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and the charging sequence in the refining period is as follows: al, Ti, B, Zr.

Specifically, the raw materials are put into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and Ce and Mn are completely added into molten steel and fully and uniformly stirred within 5min before tapping under the protection of inert gas.

Specifically, the drawing is carried out at a low speed by a single vehicle, and the linear speed is 8-9 m/mint;

specifically, the annealing is performed by adopting bright heat treatment annealing, and the annealing temperature is 950-;

specifically, the acid liquor in the rinsing and pickling steps is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: HNO₃：HF：H₂O ═ 1.5: 0.8: 100, the temperature of the acid liquor is 40-60 ℃, and the acid leaching time is 10-15 min.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy prepared by the invention has excellent high-temperature resistance and higher resistivity, the quick service life of the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy at 1200 ℃ is up to more than 200h, the service life of the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy for long-term working at 1100 ℃ is up to 4000h, and the resistivity of the high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy can be up to more than 1.2/mu omega m;

(2) the invention reasonably designs the formula of the nickel alloy elements, optimizes the feeding sequence in the vacuum melting process and greatly improves the high-temperature service life and the mechanical strength of the electrothermal nickel alloy.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy of the following embodiments of the invention is prepared by the following steps:

(1) c, Cr, Ni, Si, Mo, W and Nb are sequentially put into a vacuum refining furnace according to the formula amount to be completely melted, the temperature in the refining period is controlled at 1550 ℃ in 1500-;

(2) electroslag refining, wherein the refining temperature is controlled at 1520 ℃ and 1580 ℃, the refining voltage is 45-50V, and the refining current is 2500 ℃ and 3000A;

(3) forging at the forging temperature of 1150-;

(4) hot rolling the wire rod, wherein the hot rolling temperature of the forged square rod is 900-1190 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 1000 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 900 ℃;

(5) annealing at the temperature of 900 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for 2 hours;

(6) rinsing: carrying out acid washing and water washing on the hot-rolled wire rod and the annealed blank, wherein the acid liquor comprises the following components in parts by weight: HNO₃：HF：H₂O ═ 1.5: 0.8: 100, the temperature of the acid liquor is 40-60 ℃, and the acid leaching time is 10-15 min;

(7) ash-coating and drying the rinsed wire rod for multiple passes, and drawing → annealing → drawing to obtain a high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy finished product; the drawing is carried out at a low speed by a single vehicle, and the linear speed is 8-9 m/mint; the annealing adopts bright heat treatment annealing, and the annealing temperature is 950-1050 ℃.

Example 1

The high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

example 2

The high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

example 3

The high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

example 4

The high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

example 5

The high-temperature-resistant nickel alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

comparative example 1 is the same as example 3, except that in comparative example 1, the raw materials are charged into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and the melting stage and charging sequence are as follows: C. cr, Mo, Ni, Si, W, Nb.

Comparative example 2 is the same as example 3, except that the raw materials in comparative example 2 are charged into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and the refining period and the charging sequence are as follows: al, Zr, Ti and B.

Comparative example 3 the same as example 3, except that in comparative example 3, the raw material is charged into a vacuum refining furnace for smelting, and the raw material is charged into the vacuum refining furnace for smelting, wherein the refining period and the charging sequence are as follows: al, Ti, B, Zr, Ce, only Mn are added into the molten steel within 5min before tapping.

Comparative example 4 is the same as example 3 except that the addition amount of Mo in comparative example 4 is 10%.

Comparative example 5 is the same as example 3 except that the amount of Ti added in comparative example 5 is 5%.

Comparative example 6 is the same as example 3 except that the amount of Ti added in comparative example 6 is 2%.

And (3) performance testing:

(1) mechanical properties

The high temperature resistant nickel alloys with the diameter of 0.8mm obtained in the examples 1-5 and the comparative examples 1-6 are tested for mechanical properties according to GB/T228-2002' method for testing metallic materials at room temperature by using a CMT5305(0.5 grade) microcomputer controlled electronic universal tester;

(2) the high temperature resistant nickel alloys of 0.8mm in diameter obtained in examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 6 were all subjected to a life tester and tested for their rapid life according to GB/T1234-1995 high resistance electrothermal alloy life. The specific method comprises the following steps: a wire material sample with the diameter of 0.8mm is hung on an electrothermal alloy life tester in a shape, the test temperature is 1200 ℃, 2min power-on and 2min power-off (the difference between the two should not be more than 3s) are carried out according to specified conditions, and the accumulated hours of the cold and heat cycles are the quick life of the sample.

Specific test results are shown in table 1:

TABLE 1

In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.