阅读说明：本技术 一种混合灰釉、制备工艺及其陶器的烧制方法 (Mixed gray glaze, preparation process and firing method of pottery thereof ) 是由 吴继良 于 2021-01-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明专利属于陶器加工设备的技术领域,具体公开了一种混合灰釉,该釉料按照重量份计如下：松木灰35-40份、板栗苞灰30-35份、熟石灰15-25份、二氧化硅5-10份、氧化铁3-5份；该种釉料的原料中使用了松木灰、板栗苞灰、熟石灰等低价易得,松木灰、板栗苞为废弃物,具有较好的环保价值,电窑或气窑中温烧成,能有效降低烧制能耗和烧成时间,同时大幅度降低材料的生产成本,提高经济效益和市场竞争力。(The invention belongs to the technical field of pottery processing equipment, and particularly discloses a mixed gray glaze which comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35-40 parts of pine ash, 30-35 parts of chestnut bud ash, 15-25 parts of slaked lime, 5-10 parts of silicon dioxide and 3-5 parts of ferric oxide; the raw materials of the glaze material use pine ash, chestnut husk ash, hydrated lime and the like which are low in price and easy to obtain, the pine ash and the chestnut husk are wastes, the environment-friendly value is better, the materials are fired in an electric kiln or a gas kiln at medium temperature, the firing energy consumption and the firing time can be effectively reduced, the production cost of the materials is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit and the market competitiveness are improved.)

1. The mixed gray glaze is characterized in that the glaze of the mixed gray glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

35-40 parts of pine ash, 30-35 parts of chestnut bud ash, 15-25 parts of slaked lime, 5-10 parts of silicon dioxide and 3-5 parts of ferric oxide.

2. The mixed gray glaze according to claim 1, wherein the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

38 parts of pine ash, 32 parts of chestnut bud ash, 18 parts of hydrated lime, 8 parts of silicon dioxide and 4 parts of iron oxide.

3. The mixed gray glaze according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

35 parts of pine ash, 35 parts of chestnut bud ash, 20 parts of hydrated lime, 5 parts of silicon dioxide and 5 parts of iron oxide.

4. The mixed gray glaze according to claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40 parts of pine ash, 30 parts of chestnut bud ash, 17 parts of hydrated lime, 10 parts of silicon dioxide and 3 parts of iron oxide.

5. A process for preparing the mixed gray glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 4, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, taking a certain amount of chestnut bracts, and putting the chestnut bracts into a burning furnace for burning to obtain chestnut bract ash;

step 2, adding water into the chestnut husk ash, aging for a certain time to obtain aged chestnut husk ash, and drying and then crushing the aged chestnut husk ash;

step 3, taking a certain amount of hydrated lime, silicon dioxide and ferric oxide, and respectively crushing to obtain powder;

step 4, adding water into a certain amount of pine ash, aging for a certain time to obtain aged pine ash, and drying and then crushing the aged pine ash;

step 5, sieving the chestnut husk ash powder, the hydrated lime powder, the silicon dioxide powder, the iron oxide powder and the pine ash obtained in the step 2, the step 3 and the step 4 to obtain fine powder of each component;

step 6, weighing the components in the glaze raw material formula according to the proportion, and mixing the weighed fine chestnut bud ash powder, the fine slaked lime powder, the fine silicon dioxide powder, the fine iron oxide powder and the fine pine ash powder to obtain mixed ash;

and 7, adding water into the mixed ash, stirring, and then ball-milling and beating into mortar, wherein the ratio of the mixed ash to the water is 1: 2.

6. The process for preparing mixed gray glaze according to claim 5, wherein in step 5, the fine powder is sieved by a sieve of 80-100 meshes to obtain undersize products.

7. The process for preparing mixed gray glaze according to claim 5, wherein the aging time of the chestnut husk ash and the aging time of the pine ash are both at least 6 months.

8. A firing method of pottery is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, placing the greenware into 760-850 ℃, and firing for 6-7h to obtain a biscuit;

step 2, adjusting the concentration of the mortar to a specific gravity of 38-45 Baume degrees, wherein:

mortar obtained by the process for preparing the mixed gray glaze according to any one of claims 5 to 7;

step 3, placing the mortar prepared in the step 3 into an inner cavity of a biscuit and spraying the mortar on the outer surface of the biscuit;

and 4, placing the biscuit coated with the mortar into a kiln for firing, wherein:

when the kiln is a gas kiln, the whole firing comprises the steps of firing at 0-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing atmosphere and firing at 1150-1190 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;

when the kiln is an electric kiln, firing at 0-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing atmosphere;

and 5, naturally cooling and cooling after sintering to obtain the mixed ash glaze pottery.

9. The method for firing pottery according to claim 8, wherein the thickness of the mortar sprayed on the surface of the greenware is 0.2 to 0.3 mm.

10. The pottery firing method according to claim 8, wherein in step 1, when the kiln is an electric kiln, the whole firing process comprises the following stages:

preheating and baking, and slowly heating to 300 ℃ for 180 min;

continuously heating up to 900 ℃ after 120 min;

in the sintering stage, the temperature is raised to 1185 ℃ after 180 min;

a heat preservation stage, wherein the temperature is preserved for 30min at 1185 ℃;

in the temperature reduction stage, the kiln is naturally cooled, and the kiln is opened when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃;

when the kiln is a gas kiln, the whole firing process comprises the following stages:

an oxidation baking stage, wherein the temperature is slowly increased to 300 ℃ after 180 minutes;

an oxidation heating stage, wherein the temperature is increased to 1050 ℃ after 180 minutes;

in the reduction and firing stage, the temperature is raised to 1185 ℃ after 120 minutes;

a heat preservation stage, wherein the temperature is preserved for 30min at 1185 ℃;

and in the temperature reduction stage, the kiln is naturally cooled, and the kiln is opened when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pottery processing, in particular to a mixed gray glaze, a preparation process and a pottery firing method thereof.

Background

The ancient kiln workers in China find that the glass-like substances formed by melting the grass and wood ash and the blank soil at high temperature are called kiln sweat at the time, which is the origin of glaze. On the basis, various natural seasonings are added into the ancestors of the people to blend diversified pottery glazes to produce naive natural pottery products, but the glaze formulas are mostly lost. Over one thousand years from now, a plurality of famous representatives such as a black gold glaze represented by Song Dynasty Fujian positive kiln, a white glaze mainly comprising a hollow kiln toward the north, a Longquan green glaze developed on the basis of the northern Ru kiln and the like are formed.

The glaze pottery formed by burning plant ash is an early ceramic technology in China, and the mineral glaze technology gradually replaces the glaze pottery along with the improvement of the productivity level. The modern industrial glaze material is in many kinds, and according to different classification standards, the modern industrial glaze material can be divided into dozens of kinds, such as porcelain glaze, pottery glaze, raw glaze, fritted glaze, volatile glaze, self-releasing glaze, color-penetrated glaze, etc., low-temperature glaze, medium-temperature glaze, high-temperature glaze, copper red glaze, iron green glaze, agate red glaze, transparent glaze, single-color glaze, multi-color glaze, color-changing glaze, crystalline glaze, crack glaze, etc. The enamel is mainly made of industrial raw materials, and the product has various special artistic effects.

At present, no technology for mixing pine ash with chestnut bud ash to prepare pottery glaze exists at home and abroad, and it is reported that artists exist in Taiwan areas, plant ash falls on pottery to form ash falling glaze when ancient people fire the pottery to simulate the pottery, but the plant ash is not prepared ash glaze, and the type and the proportion of the plant ash are not disclosed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a mixed ash glaze, a preparation process and a firing method of pottery thereof, so as to realize the preparation of the ash glaze through plant ash, make the pottery show a plain natural artistic effect and fill up the technical vacancy in the field of ash glaze falling.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a mixed gray glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

35-40 parts of pine ash, 30-35 parts of chestnut bud ash, 15-25 parts of slaked lime, 5-10 parts of silicon dioxide and 3-5 parts of ferric oxide.

Further, the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

38 parts of pine ash, 32 parts of chestnut bud ash, 18 parts of hydrated lime, 8 parts of silicon dioxide and 4 parts of iron oxide.

Further, the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

35 parts of pine ash, 35 parts of chestnut bud ash, 20 parts of hydrated lime, 5 parts of silicon dioxide and 5 parts of iron oxide.

Further, the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40 parts of pine ash, 30 parts of chestnut bud ash, 17 parts of hydrated lime, 10 parts of silicon dioxide and 3 parts of iron oxide.

A preparation process of mixed gray glaze comprises the following steps:

step 1, taking a certain amount of chestnut bracts, and putting the chestnut bracts into a burning furnace for burning to obtain chestnut bract ash;

step 2, adding water into the chestnut husk ash, aging for a certain time to obtain aged chestnut husk ash, and drying and then crushing the aged chestnut husk ash;

step 3, taking a certain amount of hydrated lime, silicon dioxide and ferric oxide, and respectively crushing to obtain powder;

step 4, adding water into a certain amount of pine ash, aging for a certain time to obtain aged pine ash, and drying and then crushing the aged pine ash;

step 5, sieving the chestnut husk ash powder, the hydrated lime powder, the silicon dioxide powder, the iron oxide powder and the pine ash obtained in the step 2, the step 3 and the step 4 to obtain fine powder of each component;

step 6, weighing the components in the glaze raw material formula according to the proportion, and mixing the weighed fine chestnut bud ash powder, the fine slaked lime powder, the fine silicon dioxide powder, the fine iron oxide powder and the fine pine ash powder to obtain mixed ash;

and 7, adding water into the mixed ash, stirring, and then ball-milling and beating into mortar, wherein the ratio of the mixed ash to the water is 1: 2.

Further, step 5, sieving the fine powder with a 80-100 mesh sieve to obtain undersize products.

Further, the ageing time of the chestnut husk ash and the ageing time of the pine ash are both at least 6 months.

A firing method of pottery comprises the following steps:

step 1, placing the greenware into 760-850 ℃, and firing for 6-7h to obtain a biscuit;

step 2, adjusting the concentration of the mortar to a specific gravity of 38-45 Baume degrees, wherein:

the mortar is prepared by any one of the preparation processes of the mixed gray glaze;

step 3, placing the mortar prepared in the step 3 into an inner cavity of a biscuit and spraying the mortar on the outer surface of the biscuit;

and 4, placing the biscuit coated with the mortar into a kiln for firing, wherein:

when the kiln is a gas kiln, the whole firing comprises the steps of firing at 0-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing atmosphere and firing at 1150-1190 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;

when the kiln is an electric kiln, firing at 0-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing atmosphere;

and 5, naturally cooling and cooling after sintering to obtain the mixed ash glaze pottery.

Further, the thickness of the mortar sprayed on the surface of the greenware is 0.2-0.3 mm.

Further, in step 1, when the kiln is an electric kiln, the whole firing process includes the following stages:

preheating and baking, and slowly heating to 300 ℃ for 180 min;

continuously heating up to 900 ℃ after 120 min;

in the sintering stage, the temperature is raised to 1185 ℃ after 180 min;

a heat preservation stage, wherein the temperature is preserved for 30min at 1185 ℃;

in the temperature reduction stage, the kiln is naturally cooled, and the kiln is opened when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃;

when the kiln is a gas kiln, the whole firing process comprises the following stages:

an oxidation baking stage, wherein the temperature is slowly increased to 300 ℃ after 180 minutes;

an oxidation heating stage, wherein the temperature is increased to 1050 ℃ after 180 minutes;

in the reduction and firing stage, the temperature is raised to 1185 ℃ after 120 minutes;

a heat preservation stage, wherein the temperature is preserved for 30min at 1185 ℃;

and in the temperature reduction stage, the kiln is naturally cooled, and the kiln is opened when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the mixed gray glaze, the preparation process and the firing method of the pottery are different, the formula of the mixed gray glaze is completely different from the existing formula, the artistic effect of the produced pottery is completely different from that of the pottery with the traditional glaze surface, and the pottery has unique and natural artistic effect. Local pine and chestnut bud ash are used as main materials, a scheme of matching the glaze color of local red pottery is realized for the first time, the glaze color of pottery products is changed in various forms such as green yellow, yellow green, green, green brown and the like, the glaze surface has thorough and dense ice cracks, the colors are various and the layers are distinct, under illumination, bright and variable colors are flash, the harmonious fusion of human and nature, thought and art is achieved, the aesthetic requirements of people on simple and natural pottery and rich pottery layers are met, the glaze has positive significance for promoting the development of the pottery products, in addition, the glaze is matt, transparent brown in green, has strong granular texture and has a unique firewood burning natural ash falling artistic effect.

The raw materials of the glaze material use pine ash, chestnut husk ash, hydrated lime and the like which are low in price and easy to obtain, the pine ash and the chestnut husk are wastes, the environment-friendly value is better, the materials are fired in an electric kiln or a gas kiln at medium temperature, the firing energy consumption and the firing time can be effectively reduced, the production cost of the materials is greatly reduced, and the economic benefit and the market competitiveness are improved.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

Fig. 1 is a view showing the appearance of a finished pottery product according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a view showing the appearance of a finished pottery prepared according to the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a diagram showing the appearance of the finished product of the pottery fired by the prior industrial glaze.

Detailed Description

The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The mixed gray glaze as a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

35-40 parts of pine ash, 30-35 parts of chestnut bud ash, 15-25 parts of slaked lime, 5-10 parts of silicon dioxide and 3-5 parts of ferric oxide.

The first embodiment is as follows:

the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

38 parts of pine ash, 32 parts of chestnut bud ash, 18 parts of hydrated lime, 8 parts of silicon dioxide and 4 parts of iron oxide.

The second embodiment is as follows:

the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

35 parts of pine ash, 35 parts of chestnut bud ash, 20 parts of hydrated lime, 5 parts of silicon dioxide and 5 parts of iron oxide.

The third concrete embodiment:

the glaze comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

40 parts of pine ash, 30 parts of chestnut bud ash, 17 parts of hydrated lime, 10 parts of silicon dioxide and 3 parts of iron oxide.

A preparation process of mixed gray glaze comprises the following steps:

step 1, taking a certain amount of dried and mildewless chestnut bracts, putting the dried and mildewless chestnut bracts into a burning furnace for burning to obtain chestnut bract ash, wherein the burning furnace can be temporarily built, the size of the burning furnace can be determined according to the amount of the chestnut bracts, and if firewood is used, the burning furnace can also be directly put into the furnace for closed burning;

step 2, adding water into the chestnut husk ash, aging for at least six months to obtain aged chestnut husk ash, taking out the aged chestnut husk ash, drying and then crushing, and then sieving the crushed chestnut husk ash with a 80-mesh sieve to prepare fine chestnut husk ash powder;

step 3, taking a certain amount of hydrated lime, silicon dioxide and ferric oxide, and respectively crushing to obtain powder;

step 4, adding water into a certain amount of pine ash, aging for at least 6 months to obtain aged pine ash, drying the aged pine ash, and then crushing, wherein the pine ash is coniferous pine ash in Dabie mountain areas (the pine ash can be obtained by burning the pine ash in a pine wood kiln);

step 5, sieving the chestnut husk ash powder, the hydrated lime powder, the silicon dioxide powder, the iron oxide powder and the pine ash obtained in the step 2, the step 3 and the step 4 again by a sieve of 80 meshes to obtain fine powder of each component, and sieving for multiple times to ensure uniform granularity of the fine powder and thorough filtration;

step 6, weighing the components in the glaze raw material formula according to the proportion, and weighing and mixing the fine chestnut bud ash powder, the fine slaked lime powder, the fine silicon dioxide powder, the fine iron oxide powder and the fine pine ash powder to obtain mixed ash, wherein the mixed ash needs to be noted that slight glaze color difference can be obtained in different proportions;

and 7, adding water into the mixed ash, stirring, and then ball-milling and beating into mortar, wherein the ratio of the mixed ash to the water is 1: 2.

A firing method of pottery comprises the following steps:

step 1, placing the greenware at 760-850 ℃ and firing for 6-7 hours to obtain a biscuit, wherein preferably the greenware is made of red pottery clay, the greenware is different, firing glaze colors are slightly different, and the red pottery pattern effect is better;

step 2, adjusting the concentration of the mortar to 38-45 Baume degrees, wherein:

the mortar is prepared by any one of the preparation processes of the mixed gray glaze;

and 3, placing the mortar prepared in the step 3 into an inner cavity of the biscuit and spraying the mortar on the outer surface of the biscuit, specifically, placing the mortar in a spraying pot by adopting an air compressor spraying method and spraying the mortar on the surface of the biscuit, wherein the mortar is not suitable for glaze dipping and painting, and the spraying can generate uneven granular feeling on the surface of the biscuit, so that the biscuit is more natural and primitive.

And 4, placing the biscuit coated with the mortar into a kiln for firing, wherein:

when the kiln is a gas kiln, the whole firing comprises the steps of firing at 0-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing atmosphere and firing at 1150-1190 ℃ in a reducing atmosphere;

when the kiln is an electric kiln, firing at 0-1150 ℃ in an oxidizing atmosphere;

the influence of wood, kiln structure, kiln position and ash falling on the firewood kiln is larger, but the Silent aesthetic requirement of the CHA can be realized.

And 5, naturally cooling and cooling after sintering to obtain the mixed ash glaze pottery.

Wherein, the thickness of the mortar sprayed on the surface of the greenware is 0.2-0.3 mm.

More specifically, in step 1, when the kiln is an electric kiln, the whole firing process includes the following stages:

in the preheating and baking stage, the temperature is slowly raised to 300 ℃ after 180min, a gap of 10cm is reserved at the kiln door in the stage so as to facilitate the discharge of water vapor, and the purpose of long firing time is that the blank is thick and high in density, and the blank is easy to crack after being heated, so that the firing time is prolonged, and the cracking of a greenware is avoided;

continuously heating up to 900 ℃ after 120 min;

in the sintering stage, the temperature is raised to 1185 ℃ after 180min, and because the iron content is high, and impurities and the like in the greenware form more small bubbles, the exhaust is slow, and the small bubbles can be exhausted only by sufficient oxidation, so that the greenware with high density is formed;

a heat preservation stage, wherein the temperature is preserved for 30min at 1185 ℃;

in the temperature reduction stage, the kiln is naturally cooled, and the kiln is opened when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃;

when the kiln is a gas kiln, the whole firing process comprises the following stages:

in the oxidation baking stage, the temperature is slowly raised to 300 ℃ after 180 minutes, a gap of 10cm is reserved at a kiln door in the oxidation baking stage so as to facilitate the discharge of water vapor, and the purpose of long firing time is that the blank is thick and high in density, and the blank is easy to crack after being heated, so that the firing time is prolonged, and the ceramic blank is prevented from cracking;

in the oxidation heating stage, the temperature is raised to 1050 ℃ after 180 minutes, the chemical water in the blank disappears, and the silicon dioxide is converted;

in the reduction firing stage, the temperature is raised to 1185 ℃ after 120 minutes, because the iron content is high, and impurities and the like in the greenware form more small bubbles, the exhaust is slow, the small bubbles can be exhausted only by sufficient oxidation, so that the greenware with high density is formed, namely, the greenware is sintered, and the ash glaze is melted to be attached to the surface of the greenware to form glaze color;

a heat preservation stage, wherein the temperature is preserved for 30min at 1185 ℃;

and in the temperature reduction stage, the kiln is naturally cooled, and the kiln is opened when the temperature is reduced to 80-100 ℃.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the glaze prepared by the formula and the process thereof is sprayed on a red clay adobe, and a finished pottery formed after firing is completely different from a pottery of an industrial glaze, and has a natural and plain artistic effect by referring to fig. 3. The glaze color of the pottery product is changed in various ways such as green yellow, yellow green, green, green brown and the like, and the glaze surface has moist, fine and dense ice cracks and various colors; glazing for many times, the layers are distinct, under the illumination, gorgeous and changeable colors are refracted, the harmony and integration of human and nature, thought and art are achieved, the aesthetic requirements of people on pottery which is simple and natural and has rich layers are met, the positive significance is achieved for promoting the development of ceramic products, and in addition, a large amount of low-price materials such as pine ash and chestnut buds are used as ceramic glaze raw materials in the ash glaze raw materials, the obvious environment-friendly value is achieved, meanwhile, the production cost of the materials is effectively reduced, and the economic benefit and the market competitiveness are improved.

Finally, it should also be noted that, herein, relational terms such as first and second, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one entity or action from another entity or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order between such entities or actions. Also, the terms "comprises," "comprising," or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising an … …" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises the element.

The embodiments in the present description are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments are referred to each other.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.