阅读说明：本技术 一种铝合金型材的生产方法及由其制备的铝合金型材 (Production method of aluminum alloy section and aluminum alloy section prepared by same ) 是由 蒋成龙 于 2020-03-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种铝合金型材的生产方法及由其制备的铝合金型材,所述铝合金型材的生产方法包括步骤：(1)铝棒加温：将特定成分含量的铝棒加热至470-490℃；(2)模具加热：将模具加热至460-480℃；(3)挤压：将铝棒放入挤压设备中进行挤压,挤压铜温度为400-420℃,使所述铝棒通过模具得到铝合金型材；(4)淬火：将铝合金型材进行风冷淬火,冷却速率≥38℃/min,直至冷却后的铝合金型材的表面温度≤400℃；(5)矫直：对铝合金型材进行矫直,伸长率为0.5％-2％；(6)时效：对铝合金型材进行保温,保温温度为175-185℃,保温时间为≥8h。通过本申请的生产方法制备的铝合金型材力学性能高,能够达到6063-T6的力学性能要求,并且生产成本低。(A production method of an aluminum alloy profile and the aluminum alloy profile prepared by the same comprises the following steps: (1) heating an aluminum bar: heating the aluminum bar with the specific component content to 470-490 ℃; (2) heating a mould: heating the mould to 460-480 ℃; (3) extruding: putting the aluminum bar into extrusion equipment for extrusion, wherein the extrusion copper temperature is 400-420 ℃, and enabling the aluminum bar to pass through a die to obtain an aluminum alloy section; (4) quenching: carrying out air-cooled quenching on the aluminum alloy section, wherein the cooling rate is more than or equal to 38 ℃/min until the surface temperature of the cooled aluminum alloy section is less than or equal to 400 ℃; (5) straightening: straightening the aluminum alloy section with the elongation rate of 0.5% -2%; (6) aging: and (3) insulating the aluminum alloy section at the temperature of 175-185 ℃, wherein the insulating time is not less than 8 h. The aluminum alloy section prepared by the production method is high in mechanical property, can meet the mechanical property requirement of 6063-T6, and is low in production cost.)

1. A production method of an aluminum alloy profile is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) heating an aluminum bar: heating an aluminum bar comprising 0.45-0.49% of Si, 0.40-0.48% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.020% of Cu, 0.45-0.49% of Si, less than or equal to 0.02% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.18% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.016% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.01% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.025% of Ti and the balance of Al to 470-490 ℃;

(2) heating a mould: heating the mould to 460-480 ℃;

(3) extruding: putting the aluminum bar treated in the step (1) into extrusion equipment for extrusion, wherein the extrusion copper temperature is 400-420 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 4-5mm/s, so that the aluminum bar passes through the die in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section;

(4) quenching: carrying out air-cooled quenching on the aluminum alloy section extruded in the step (3), wherein the cooling rate is more than or equal to 38 ℃/min until the surface temperature of the cooled aluminum alloy section is less than or equal to 400 ℃;

(5) straightening: straightening the aluminum alloy profile quenched in the step (4) with an elongation of 0.5% -2%;

(6) aging: and (4) insulating the aluminum alloy section straightened in the step (5), wherein the insulation temperature is 175-185 ℃, and the insulation time is not less than 8 h.

2. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the heating time of the die is 1.5 to 12 hours.

3. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the extrusion container is cleaned every 4 hours.

4. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the outlet temperature is 500-540 ℃.

5. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the cooling rate is not less than 80 ℃/min.

6. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the air volume of the air-cooling quenching is 80 to 100%.

7. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 6, wherein in the step (4), the air volume of the air-cooling quenching is 80 to 90%.

8. The method for producing an aluminum alloy profile according to claim 1,

between the step (4) and the step (5), further comprising the steps of: sawing and then cooling;

between the step (5) and the step (6), further comprising the steps of: sawing and then framing.

9. A method of producing an aluminium alloy profile according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the aluminium alloy profile is a 6063 aluminium alloy profile.

10. An aluminium alloy profile produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of section bar processing, in particular to a production method of an aluminum alloy section bar and the aluminum alloy section bar prepared by the same.

Background

The six-series aluminum alloy is aluminum-magnesium-silicon alloy, and the representative marks are 6061, 6063 and 6082. The 6063 aluminum alloy is mainly made of magnesium and silicon, has excellent processing performance, excellent weldability, extrudability and electroplatability, excellent corrosion resistance, toughness, easy polishing, coating and excellent anodic oxidation effect, is a typical extruded alloy, and is widely applied to building sections, irrigation pipes, pipes and bars for vehicles, racks, furniture, elevators, fences and the like, frames of building aluminum doors and windows, curtain walls and the like. The 6 series aluminum alloy can improve the strength through quenching treatment, wherein quenching refers to heating the metal to a certain temperature and suddenly cooling the metal to achieve the required strength. Unlike other brands of aluminum alloys, the state of the 6 series aluminum alloys is mainly the T state, and the most are the two states of T5 and T6. The state of artificial aging after solution heat treatment (quenching) by high-temperature extrusion molding is air-cooled (T5). The state of cooling by the high temperature extrusion molding process and then artificially aging is water cooling (T6). The mechanical property requirements of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy are that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 170MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 110MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 8 percent; the mechanical property requirements of the 6063-T6 aluminum alloy section bar are that the tensile strength is more than or equal to 205MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 180MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 8%. Therefore, the mechanical property requirement of the 6063-T5 aluminum alloy is lower than that of the 6063-T6 aluminum alloy. Generally, 6063-T5 aluminum alloy sections are more applied to aluminum profiles, such as industrial round tubes, square tubes, row materials, building door and window profiles and the like with low requirements on strength and stress; the 6063-T6 aluminum alloy is generally applied to aluminum plates and aluminum round bars with high strength and stress requirements. Aluminum profiles, due to their light weight, high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, electrical properties, and reprocessing and handling properties, are widely used in aerospace, marine vehicles, architectural decoration, and other fields. However, with the development of the industry, higher requirements are also placed on the strength and the like of the aluminum profiles.

Therefore, the 6063-T5 aluminum alloy section in the prior art has the problem of insufficient strength, and although the strength of the 6063-T6 aluminum alloy section is higher than that of 6063-T5, the 6063-T6 aluminum alloy section has higher production cost, and for example, a special water cooling device is required. Therefore, how to produce the 6063 aluminum alloy section with high mechanical property at low cost has important significance.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems that the mechanical property of a 6063-T5 aluminum alloy profile in the prior art is poor and the production cost of a 6063-T6 aluminum alloy is high, the application provides a production method of the aluminum alloy profile, which comprises the following steps:

(1) heating an aluminum bar: heating an aluminum bar comprising 0.45-0.49% of Si, 0.40-0.48% of Mg, less than or equal to 0.020% of Cu, 0.45-0.49% of Si, less than or equal to 0.02% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.18% of Fe, less than or equal to 0.016% of Zn, less than or equal to 0.01% of Cr, less than or equal to 0.025% of Ti and the balance of Al to 470-490 ℃;

(2) heating a mould: heating the mould to 460-480 ℃;

(3) extruding: putting the aluminum bar treated in the step (1) into extrusion equipment for extrusion, wherein the extrusion copper temperature is 400-420 ℃, and the extrusion speed is 4-5mm/s, so that the aluminum bar passes through the die in the step (2) to obtain an aluminum alloy section;

(4) quenching: carrying out air-cooled quenching on the aluminum alloy section extruded in the step (3), wherein the cooling rate is more than or equal to 38 ℃/min until the surface temperature of the cooled aluminum alloy section is less than or equal to 400 ℃;

(5) straightening: straightening the aluminum alloy profile quenched in the step (4) with an elongation of 0.5% -2%;

(6) aging: and (4) insulating the aluminum alloy section straightened in the step (5), wherein the insulation temperature is 175-185 ℃, and the insulation time is not less than 8 h.

Further, in the step (2), the heating time of the mold is 1.5 to 12 hours.

Further, in the step (3), the container is cleaned every 4 hours.

Further, in the step (3), the temperature of the discharge port is 500-540 ℃.

Further, in the step (4), the cooling rate is more than or equal to 80 ℃/min.

Further, in the step (4), the air volume of the air-cooling quenching is 80 to 100%.

Further, in the step (4), the air volume of the air-cooling quenching is 80 to 90%.

Further, between the step (4) and the step (5), the method further comprises the steps of: sawing and then cooling; between the step (5) and the step (6), further comprising the steps of: sawing and then framing.

Further, the aluminum alloy section bar is a 6063 aluminum alloy section bar.

A second aspect of the present application provides an aluminum alloy profile produced by the above-described method for producing an aluminum alloy profile.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

the aluminum alloy section provided by the invention has high mechanical property, has the tensile strength of more than or equal to 205mpa, the yield strength of more than or equal to 180mpa and the elongation of more than or equal to 8%, can meet the mechanical property requirement of 6063-T6, and is low in production cost.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method of producing an aluminum alloy profile of the present application.

Detailed Description

The advantages of the invention are explained in detail below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.

The materials, reagents, instruments, equipment, etc. used in the present application are commercially available.

As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present application, the method for producing an aluminum alloy profile provided by the present application, preferably, the aluminum alloy profile is a 6063 aluminum alloy profile, and the method for producing an aluminum alloy profile includes the steps of:

heating an aluminum bar: heating aluminum bars comprising 0.45-0.49 mass percent of Si, 0.40-0.48 mass percent of Mg, less than or equal to 0.020 mass percent of Cu, 0.45-0.49 mass percent of Si, less than or equal to 0.02 mass percent of Mn, less than or equal to 0.18 mass percent of Fe, less than or equal to 0.016 mass percent of Zn, less than or equal to 0.01 mass percent of Cr, less than or equal to 0.025 mass percent of Ti and the balance of Al to 470-490 ℃, wherein the aluminum bars have different compositions and different mechanical properties, and the mechanical properties of the aluminum alloy sections are different as known in the art;

heating a mould: heating the mould to 460-480 ℃, wherein the heating time of the mould is 1.5-12H, and the heating time of different models of moulds is different, for example, if a model of 1100T extruder is adopted, the heating time of the mould is 1.5-6H, if a model of 1800T/H1800T is adopted, the heating time of the mould is 2-8H, and if a model of H2750T is adopted, the heating time of the mould is 6-12H;

extruding: placing the heated aluminum bar into extrusion equipment for extrusion, wherein the extrusion copper temperature is 400-420 ℃, cleaning an extrusion cylinder every 4 hours, the extrusion speed is 4-5mm/s, the discharge port temperature is 500-540 ℃, and enabling the aluminum bar to pass through a heated die to obtain an aluminum alloy section;

quenching: quenching has important influence on the mechanical property of the aluminum profile, the aluminum alloy profile obtained by extrusion is subjected to air-cooled quenching, the cooling rate is more than or equal to 38 ℃/min, preferably more than or equal to 80 ℃/min, and the air flow of the air-cooled quenching is 80-100%, so that the aluminum alloy profile is rapidly quenched, in another embodiment, the extrusion speed can be properly reduced so as to rapidly quench, preferably, the air flow of the air-cooled quenching is 80-90%, until the surface temperature of the cooled aluminum alloy profile is less than or equal to 400 ℃, the application achieves the purpose of rapid quenching by increasing the air flow, so that the mechanical property of the aluminum alloy profile is improved, the mechanical property of the 6063 aluminum alloy profile obtained by air-cooled quenching in the prior art can only meet the requirement of T5, namely the tensile strength is more than or equal to 170MPa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 110MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 8%, the mechanical property of the finally obtained aluminum alloy section is improved to meet the performance requirement of T6;

sawing the quenched aluminum alloy section, and then cooling;

straightening: straightening the cooled aluminum alloy section with the elongation of 0.5-2%;

sawing the straightened aluminum alloy section, and then framing;

aging: and (3) insulating the framed aluminum alloy section at the temperature of 175-185 ℃, for not less than 8h, in the prior art, the aging temperature is 200 ℃, for 2h, and for a short time, so that the mechanical property of the obtained aluminum alloy section is not high enough.

A second aspect of the present application provides an aluminum alloy profile produced by the above-described method for producing an aluminum alloy profile.

Example 1

The production method of the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:

heating an aluminum bar: heating an aluminum bar comprising 0.45% of Si, 0.40% of Mg, 0.020% of Cu, 0.45% of Si, 0.02% of Mn, 0.18% of Fe, 0.016% of Zn, 0.01% of Cr, 0.025% of Ti and the balance of Al to 470 ℃;

heating a mould: heating the mould to 460 ℃, wherein the heating time of the 1100T model mould is 1.5 h;

extruding: the heated aluminum bar is put into extrusion equipment for extrusion, the temperature of an extrusion cylinder is 400 ℃, the extrusion cylinder is cleaned once every 4 hours, the extrusion speed is 4mm/s, and the temperature of a discharge port is 500-540 ℃;

quenching: carrying out air-cooled quenching on the aluminum alloy section, wherein the cooling rate is 38 ℃/min, and the air quantity of the air-cooled quenching is 80% until the surface temperature of the cooled aluminum alloy section is 400 ℃;

sawing the quenched aluminum alloy section, and then cooling;

straightening: straightening the cooled aluminum alloy section with the elongation of 0.5%;

sawing the straightened aluminum alloy section, and then framing;

aging: and (4) insulating the framed aluminum alloy section at 175 ℃ for 8 h.

Example 2

The production method of the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:

heating an aluminum bar: heating an aluminum bar comprising 0.49% of Si, 0.48% of Mg, 0.020% of Cu, 0.49% of Si, 0.02% of Mn, 0.18% of Fe, 0.016% of Zn, 0.01% of Cr, 0.025% of Ti and the balance of Al to 490 ℃;

heating a mould: heating the mould to 480 ℃, wherein the heating time of the 1100T model mould is 6 h;

extruding: the heated aluminum bar is put into extrusion equipment for extrusion, the temperature of extrusion copper is 420 ℃, an extrusion cylinder is cleaned every 4 hours, the extrusion speed is 5mm/s, and the temperature of a discharge port is 540 ℃;

quenching: carrying out air-cooled quenching on the aluminum alloy section, wherein the cooling rate is 80 ℃/min, and the air quantity of the air-cooled quenching is 90% until the surface temperature of the cooled aluminum alloy section is 380 ℃;

sawing the quenched aluminum alloy section, and then cooling;

straightening: straightening the cooled aluminum alloy section with the elongation rate of 2%;

sawing the straightened aluminum alloy section, and then framing;

aging: and (3) preserving the heat of the framed aluminum alloy section for 10 hours at 185 ℃.

Example 3

The production method of the aluminum alloy profile comprises the following steps:

heating an aluminum bar: heating an aluminum bar comprising 0.47% of Si, 0.44% of Mg, 0.020% of Cu, 0.47% of Si, 0.02% of Mn, 0.1% of Fe, 0.01% of Zn, 0.01% of Cr, 0.025% of Ti, and the balance of Al to 480 ℃;

heating a mould: heating the mould to 470 ℃ for 4h, wherein the heating time of the 1100T model mould is 4 h;

extruding: the heated aluminum bar is put into extrusion equipment for extrusion, the temperature of extrusion copper is 410 ℃, an extrusion cylinder is cleaned every 4 hours, the extrusion speed is 4.5mm/s, and the temperature of a discharge hole is 520 ℃;

quenching: carrying out air-cooled quenching on the aluminum alloy profile, wherein the cooling rate is 70 ℃/min, the air quantity of the air-cooled quenching is 85%, and preferably, the surface temperature of the cooled aluminum alloy profile is 200 ℃;

sawing the quenched aluminum alloy section, and then cooling;

straightening: straightening the cooled aluminum alloy section with the elongation of 1.5 percent;

sawing the straightened aluminum alloy section, and then framing;

aging: and (3) preserving the heat of the framed aluminum alloy section at 180 ℃ for 12 h.

Testing of mechanical properties: the aluminum alloy sections obtained in the above examples 1 to 3 were subjected to a room temperature tensile test using a tensile tester according to the national standard GB/T16865-2013, respectively.

And (3) testing results: the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy section obtained in the embodiment 1-3 is more than or equal to 205mpa, the yield strength is more than or equal to 180mpa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 8%, and the aluminum alloy section can meet the mechanical property requirement of 6063-T6.

In conclusion, the invention adjusts the content of the 6063 aluminum bar component and optimizes the production process, for example, the quenching air volume is increased, so that the cooling rate is increased, the aluminum alloy bar is rapidly quenched, and then the aluminum alloy bar is treated by a special aging process, so that the aluminum alloy bar has excellent mechanical properties which can meet the performance requirements of 6063-T6, and the production cost is low, and no water cooling equipment is needed.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, but the embodiments are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above. Any equivalent modifications and substitutions to those skilled in the art are also within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, equivalent changes and modifications made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention should be covered by the present invention.