阅读说明：本技术 一种底门开闭系统以及铁路漏斗车 (Bottom door opening and closing system and railway hopper car ) 是由 陈伟 李晓军 史春江 刘军祥 徐冬华 闫瑞 刘颖菲 刘美琪 于 2021-07-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种底门开闭系统以及铁路漏斗车,底门开闭系统包括纵向对开内卸式底门、底门开闭装置以及开闭驱动装置,开闭驱动装置驱动底门开闭装置动作,从而带动纵向对开内卸式底门开启或关闭。底门开闭装置包括主动轴和主动连杆机构,主动轴上设置有主动轴；主动连杆机构包括偏心自锁连杆机构和随动连杆机构,偏心自锁连杆机构的第一端与主动轴固定连接、第二端与随动连杆机构的第一端铰接,随动连杆机构的第二端分别与第一底门和第二底门的第一端铰接。该底门开闭系统结构简单、操作灵活,可提升铁路漏斗车的适应性能。(The invention discloses a bottom door opening and closing system and a railway hopper wagon. The bottom door opening and closing device comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, wherein the driving shaft is provided with a driving shaft; the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, a first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, a second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with a first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is hinged with first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively. The bottom door opening and closing system is simple in structure and flexible to operate, and the adaptability of the railway hopper car can be improved.)

1. A bottom door opening and closing system characterized in that: the door comprises a longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, a bottom door opening and closing device and an opening and closing driving device, wherein the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door is opposite to the inner side edge of the second bottom door;

the bottom door opening and closing device comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively;

the opening and closing driving device is fixedly connected with the driving shaft and used for driving the driving shaft to rotate, driving the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism to move along the axial direction of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and driving the longitudinal split inward-discharging type bottom door to be opened or closed through the follow-up connecting rod mechanism.

2. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises one eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms respectively, and the second ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively.

3. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block, a crank and a cross beam, wherein the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinged point is parallel to the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, an eccentric groove is formed in the side part of the crank, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or to rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove;

the cross beam is fixedly arranged at the free end of the crank, two ends of the cross beam extend out of the crank, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with two ends of the cross beam respectively, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft.

4. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises two eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms and two servo connecting rod mechanisms, the first ends of the two eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms are fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second ends of the two eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms are respectively hinged with the first ends of the two servo connecting rod mechanisms, and the second ends of the two servo connecting rod mechanisms are respectively used for being hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door.

5. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 4, wherein: the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block and a crank throw, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank throw are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is parallel to the driving shaft; the free end of the crank throw is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft;

the side part of the crank throw is provided with an eccentric groove, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove.

6. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 5, wherein: the driving shaft is provided with a prism section; the shaft sleeve is a prismatic sleeve, and is sleeved on the prismatic section; the eccentric groove is a prismatic groove.

7. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: the follow-up connecting rod mechanism comprises a connecting rod component and a connecting ring, wherein the first end of the connecting rod component is hinged with the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft, the second end of the connecting rod component is provided with a hanging ring, and the connecting ring is sleeved on the hanging ring and used for being hinged with the door panel.

8. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 7, wherein: the connecting rod component comprises a connecting rod and an adjusting rod, the first end of the connecting rod is hinged to the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, the second end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with the first end of the adjusting rod, and the hanging ring is arranged at the second end of the adjusting rod.

9. A bottom door opening and closing system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: bottom door opening and closing system still includes driven shaft, driven link mechanism and drive mechanism, wherein: the driven shaft and the driving shaft are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the transmission mechanism is respectively connected with the driven shaft and the driving shaft so as to enable the driven shaft to synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft; the driven link mechanism is perpendicular to the driven shaft, the structure of the driven link mechanism is the same as that of the driving link mechanism, the driven link mechanism also comprises the eccentric self-locking link mechanism and the follow-up link mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged to the first end of the follow-up link mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up link mechanism is hinged to the second ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively.

10. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 9, wherein: the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism are symmetrically arranged by taking a central axis of the split door, which is parallel to the axial direction of the driving shaft/the driven shaft, as a symmetric axis.

11. The bottom door opening and closing system as claimed in claim 10, wherein: the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel and a transmission chain, the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel are respectively and fixedly arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel in a 180-degree twisted posture so as to transmit torque.

12. The bottom door opening and closing system as set forth in claim 9, wherein: the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism are identical in structure and installation direction.

13. The bottom door opening and closing system as claimed in claim 12, wherein: the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism comprises a driving chain wheel, a driven chain wheel and a transmission chain, the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel are fixedly arranged on the driving shaft and the driven shaft respectively, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving chain wheel and the driven chain wheel to transmit torque.

14. A bottom door opening and closing system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the opening and closing driving device is a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is arranged on the driving shaft;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises a power source, a speed reducer, a transmission shaft and a driving transmission mechanism which are sequentially connected, and a torque output end of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft; the power source is a hand wheel or a motor;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises an air cylinder and a driving connecting rod assembly, wherein the torque input end of the driving connecting rod assembly is hinged to the piston of the air cylinder, and the torque output end of the driving connecting rod assembly is fixedly connected with the driving shaft.

15. A bottom door opening and closing system as defined in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: the first bottom door and the second bottom door are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure, and both comprise a hinged inclined plate and a material supporting inclined plate which are fixedly connected, the hinged edge is positioned on the hinged inclined plate, more than 2 hinged seats are arranged on the hinged edge, and the first bottom door and the second bottom door are hinged with the hopper through the hinged seats; the area of the material supporting inclined plate is larger than that of the hinged inclined plate, and the inclination angle of the material supporting inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than that of the hinged inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane.

16. A railroad hopper car, characterized by: comprising a bottom door opening and closing system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15.

17. A railroad hopper car as set forth in claim 16, wherein: the opening and closing driving device comprises a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is exposed out of the railway hopper car.

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of railway freight cars, and particularly relates to a bottom door opening and closing system and a railway hopper car.

Background

The railway hopper wagon is a railway vehicle which is used for loading and transporting bulk cargos and has a self-unloading function. Because the unloading saves the manpower, the economy is swift, the hopper car occupies a very large proportion in the foreign railway freight car reserves, the hopper structure and the unloading organization are also of various kinds, and domestic hopper car quantity and motorcycle type are less, the structural style is also comparatively single, the carrying capacity is weaker. In recent years, with the increase of the axle weight of a truck and the increase of labor cost, the development of a novel railway hopper car is urgent.

The existing hopper car with longitudinally arranged bottom doors comprises an unloading system, wherein the unloading system comprises at least one group of bottom door transmission mechanisms and a control system, the bottom doors are controlled by one or more transmission shafts longitudinally arranged along a car body, and the longitudinal transmission shafts need to run through the unloading area of the car body, so that a longitudinal hopper ridge needs to be arranged in the car body, the transmission shafts are arranged at the lower part of the longitudinal hopper ridge, the car body hopper is divided into a plurality of longitudinal unloading openings by the longitudinal hopper ridge, the hopper structure is integrally W-shaped, and the actual loading space is reduced.

Limited by the funnel structure, the existing hopper car bottom door opening and closing mechanism is divided into an upper transmission device and a lower transmission mechanism, the structure is complex, the dead weight is large, the transmission efficiency is low, the door opening force is large, and the clamping stagnation is easy to occur.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a bottom door opening and closing system and a railway hopper car.

The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is that the bottom door opening and closing system comprises a longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, a bottom door opening and closing device and an opening and closing driving device, wherein the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are longitudinally and symmetrically arranged, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door is opposite to the inner side edge of the second bottom door;

the bottom door opening and closing device comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively;

the opening and closing driving device is fixedly connected with the driving shaft and used for driving the driving shaft to rotate, driving the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism to move along the axial direction of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and driving the longitudinal split inward-discharging type bottom door to be opened or closed through the follow-up connecting rod mechanism.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism comprises one eccentric self-locking link mechanism and two servo link mechanisms, a first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged to the first ends of the two servo link mechanisms respectively, and second ends of the two servo link mechanisms are hinged to the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively.

Optionally, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism includes a shaft sleeve, a swing block, a crank and a cross beam, the shaft sleeve, the swing block and the crank are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, an eccentric groove is formed in a side portion of the crank, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove, or to rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove;

the cross beam is fixedly arranged at the free end of the crank, two ends of the cross beam extend out of the crank, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms are hinged with two ends of the cross beam respectively, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft.

Optionally, the driving link mechanism comprises two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms and two servo link mechanisms, the first ends of the two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms are fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second ends of the two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms are respectively hinged to the first ends of the two servo link mechanisms, and the second ends of the two servo link mechanisms are respectively used for being hinged to the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door.

Optionally, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism comprises a shaft sleeve, a swinging block and a crank throw, the shaft sleeve is sleeved on the driving shaft, the shaft sleeve, the swinging block and the crank throw are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinge joint is parallel to the driving shaft; the free end of the crank throw is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and a rotating shaft of a hinged point is perpendicular to the driving shaft; the side part of the crank throw is provided with an eccentric groove, and the shape of the eccentric groove is matched with the shape of the cross section of the shaft sleeve, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is driven by the driving shaft to rotate and contract to a state that the shaft sleeve is clamped into the eccentric groove or rotate and expand to a state that the shaft sleeve is separated from the eccentric groove.

Optionally, a prism section is arranged on the driving shaft; the shaft sleeve is a prismatic sleeve, and is sleeved on the prismatic section; the eccentric groove is a prismatic groove.

Optionally, the following link mechanism includes a link member and a connecting ring, a first end of the link member is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is perpendicular to the driving shaft, a hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the link member, and the connecting ring is hung on the hanging ring and used for being hinged to the door panel.

Optionally, the connecting rod member includes a connecting rod and an adjusting rod, a first end of the connecting rod is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, a second end of the connecting rod is in threaded connection with a first end of the adjusting rod, and the hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the adjusting rod.

Optionally, the bottom door opening and closing system further comprises a driven shaft, a driven link mechanism and a transmission mechanism, wherein: the driven shaft and the driving shaft are arranged in parallel at intervals, and the transmission mechanism is respectively connected with the driven shaft and the driving shaft so as to enable the driven shaft to synchronously rotate along with the driving shaft; the driven link mechanism is perpendicular to the driven shaft, the structure of the driven link mechanism is the same as that of the driving link mechanism, the driven link mechanism also comprises the eccentric self-locking link mechanism and the follow-up link mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is fixedly connected with the driven shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism is hinged to the first end of the follow-up link mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up link mechanism is hinged to the second ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively.

Optionally, the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism are symmetrically arranged by taking a central axis parallel to the axial direction of the driving shaft/driven shaft of the split door as a symmetry axis.

Optionally, the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a transmission chain, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively and fixedly mounted on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket in a 180-degree twisted posture to transmit torque.

Optionally, the driven link mechanism and the driving link mechanism have the same structure and installation direction.

Optionally, the transmission mechanism is a chain transmission mechanism, the chain transmission mechanism includes a driving sprocket, a driven sprocket and a transmission chain, the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are respectively and fixedly mounted on the driving shaft and the driven shaft, and the transmission chain is sleeved on the driving sprocket and the driven sprocket to transmit torque.

Optionally, the opening and closing driving device is a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is mounted on the driving shaft;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises a power source, a speed reducer, a transmission shaft and a driving transmission mechanism which are sequentially connected, and a torque output end of the driving transmission mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft; the power source is a hand wheel or a motor;

or the opening and closing driving device comprises an air cylinder and a driving connecting rod assembly, wherein the torque input end of the driving connecting rod assembly is hinged to the piston of the air cylinder, and the torque output end of the driving connecting rod assembly is fixedly connected with the driving shaft.

Optionally, the first bottom door and the second bottom door are symmetrically arranged and have the same structure, and both include a hinged inclined plate and a material supporting inclined plate which are fixedly connected, the hinged edge is located on the hinged inclined plate, the hinged edge is provided with more than 2 hinged seats, and the first bottom door and the second bottom door are hinged to the hopper through the hinged seats; the area of the material supporting inclined plate is larger than that of the hinged inclined plate, and the inclination angle of the material supporting inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than that of the hinged inclined plate relative to the horizontal plane.

Based on the same inventive concept, the invention also provides a railway hopper wagon, which comprises the bottom door opening and closing system.

Optionally, the opening and closing driving device includes a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is exposed out of the railway hopper car.

According to the technical scheme, the bottom door opening and closing system comprises the longitudinal split inner-detachable bottom door, a bottom door opening and closing device and an opening and closing driving device, wherein the opening and closing driving device drives the bottom door opening and closing device to move so as to drive the longitudinal split inner-detachable bottom door to be opened or closed. The longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal direction, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door and the inner side edge of the second bottom door are arranged oppositely. The opening mode of the longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom door is that the bottom door is split open, and the first bottom door and the second bottom door are outwards turned in opposite directions, so that an opening is formed in the middle of the longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom door, and then the goods are unloaded in the opening mode.

The bottom door opening and closing device comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and the follow-up connecting rod mechanism are hinged to each other, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged to the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is hinged to the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively. When the driving shaft rotates, the driving connecting rod mechanism is perpendicular to the driving shaft and is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism of the driving connecting rod mechanism can rotate in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft (the axis of the driving connecting rod mechanism is located in the plane) by taking the driving shaft as a rotating shaft under the driving of the driving shaft, so that the spatial position of a hinged end (a second end) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, because two ends of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism are respectively hinged with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and the door plate, when the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, the follow-up connecting rod mechanism can move along with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, and therefore the first bottom door and the second bottom door are driven to be opened or closed. When the side-by-side opening door is in a closed state, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism realizes self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, and accidental opening of the side-by-side opening door is avoided.

Compared with the prior art, the bottom door opening and closing system provided by the invention is simple in structure, the first bottom door and the second bottom door can be simultaneously driven to be opened or closed by rotating the driving shaft, and the opening and closing operation is flexible. When the bottom door opening and closing system is applied to the railway hopper wagon, the bottom door opening and closing system is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, and the driving shaft is vertical to the length direction of the bottom door and is arranged at the end part of the bottom door, so that the technical problem that in the prior art, a longitudinal hopper ridge needs to be arranged in a wagon body to extrude the loading space of the hopper because a longitudinal transmission shaft needs to penetrate through a wagon body unloading area is fundamentally solved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural view of a bottom door opening and closing system in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view of the master/slave linkage of FIG. 1 in a retracted state;

FIG. 3 is a side view of FIG. 2;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the master/slave linkage of FIG. 1 in a deployed state;

FIG. 5 is a side view of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a further construction of the master/slave linkage in a retracted state;

FIG. 7 is a second schematic structural view of a bottom door opening and closing system in example 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a bottom door opening and closing system in a closed state according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

FIG. 9 is a side view of FIG. 8;

fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of the bottom door opening and closing system in an open state according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

fig. 11 is a side view of fig. 10.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a railway hopper car in embodiment 2 of the present invention.

Description of reference numerals: 100-bottom door opening and closing device; 10-driving shaft; 20-an active linkage mechanism; 30-a driven shaft; 40-a driven linkage; 50-a transmission mechanism, 51-a driving chain wheel, 52-a driven chain wheel and 53-a transmission chain; 1-shaft sleeve; 2-swinging the block; 3-crank, 3 a-eccentric groove; 4-a connecting rod; 5-adjusting the rod; 6-connecting ring; 7-a cross beam; 8-eccentric self-locking link mechanism; 9-a follow-up link mechanism; 200-longitudinal split inner-detachable bottom door, 210-first bottom door, 220-second bottom door, 201-hinged inclined plate, 202-material supporting inclined plate and 203-hinged seat; 300-a funnel; 400-a chassis; 500-a bogie; 600-a braking device; 700-coupler draft gear; 800-opening and closing driving device, 810-power source, 820-speed reducer, 830-transmission shaft and 840-driving transmission mechanism.

Detailed Description

In order to make the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains, the following detailed description of the present application is made with reference to the accompanying drawings by way of specific embodiments.

In order to solve the technical problems of complex structure, large dead weight, low transmission efficiency, large door opening force and easy clamping stagnation of the existing bottom door opening and closing device, the invention provides a bottom door opening and closing system, which has the following basic inventive concept:

a bottom door opening and closing system comprises a longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door, a bottom door opening and closing device and an opening and closing driving device, wherein the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door comprises a first bottom door and a second bottom door which are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal direction, the outer side edge of the first bottom door and the outer side edge of the second bottom door are hinged edges, and the inner side edge of the first bottom door and the inner side edge of the second bottom door are oppositely arranged; the bottom door opening and closing device comprises a driving shaft and a driving connecting rod mechanism, the driving connecting rod mechanism comprises an eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and a follow-up connecting rod mechanism, the first end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism, and the second end of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism is hinged with the first ends of the first bottom door and the second bottom door respectively; the opening and closing driving device is fixedly connected with the driving shaft and used for driving the driving shaft to rotate, driving the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism to move along the axial direction of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and driving the longitudinally split internally-detachable bottom door to be opened or closed through the follow-up connecting rod mechanism.

The operating principle of the bottom door opening and closing system is as follows:

the opening and closing driving device drives the driving shaft to rotate, the driving connecting rod mechanism is perpendicular to the driving shaft and fixedly connected with the driving shaft, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism of the driving connecting rod mechanism can rotate in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft by taking the driving shaft as a rotating shaft under the driving of the driving shaft, so that the spatial position of a hinged end (a second end) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, the two ends of the follow-up connecting rod mechanism are respectively hinged with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism and the door plate, and when the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism is changed, the follow-up connecting rod mechanism can move along with the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism, so that the first bottom door and the second bottom door are driven to be opened or closed. When the side-by-side opening door is in a closed state, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism realizes self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, and accidental opening of the side-by-side opening door is avoided.

The bottom door opening and closing device of the bottom door opening and closing system is simple in structure, the first bottom door and the second bottom door can be driven to be opened or closed simultaneously by rotating the driving shaft, and the opening and closing operation is flexible. Thereby solving the technical problem existing in the prior art.

In order to fully understand the technical scheme of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is described in detail by combining specific embodiments as follows:

example 1:

an embodiment of the present invention provides a bottom door opening and closing system, referring to fig. 1 and 7, the bottom door opening and closing system includes a longitudinally split inner-detachable bottom door 200, a bottom door opening and closing device 100, and an opening and closing driving device 800, the longitudinally split inner-detachable bottom door 200 includes a first bottom door 210 and a second bottom door 220 symmetrically disposed along a longitudinal direction, both outer sides of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are hinged sides, and an inner side of the first bottom door 210 is disposed opposite to an inner side of the second bottom door 220. The opening mode of the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door 200 is split opening, and the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are outwards turned in opposite directions, so that an opening is formed in the middle of the longitudinal split inner-unloading type bottom door 200, and then goods can be unloaded in the opening mode. When the bottom door is in a closed state, the inner side edge of the first bottom door 210 and the inner side edge of the second bottom door 220 should be tightly attached to avoid generating a gap, so that the goods fall off.

Referring to fig. 1 and 7 specifically, in this embodiment, the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are symmetrically disposed and have the same structure, and both include a hinged inclined plate 201 and a material supporting inclined plate 202 which are fixedly connected, a hinged edge is located on the hinged inclined plate 201, the hinged edge is provided with more than 2 hinged seats 203, and the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are both hinged to a bottom discharge opening of the funnel through the hinged seats 203. The material supporting inclined plate 202 mainly plays a role in closing a discharge opening and supporting cargos, the area of the material supporting inclined plate 202 is larger than that of the hinged inclined plate 201, and the inclination angle of the material supporting inclined plate 202 relative to the horizontal plane is smaller than that of the hinged inclined plate 201 relative to the horizontal plane, so that the cross section of the whole longitudinal split inward-discharging type bottom door 200 is U-shaped or V-shaped.

As shown in fig. 1 and 7, the bottom door opening and closing device 100 includes a driving shaft 10 and a driving link mechanism 20, and an opening and closing driving device 800 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10 for driving the driving shaft 10 to rotate. The driving linkage mechanism 20 comprises an eccentric self-locking linkage mechanism 8 and a follow-up linkage mechanism 9, the eccentric self-locking linkage mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, a first end of the eccentric self-locking linkage mechanism 8 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, a second end of the eccentric self-locking linkage mechanism 8 is hinged with a first end of the follow-up linkage mechanism 9, and a second end of the follow-up linkage mechanism 9 is hinged with first ends of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 respectively. Since the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are driven to open and close simultaneously, the driving linkage 20 and the first end of the split door are required to have two hinge points, and according to specific use conditions, the driving linkage 20 can be selectively set to be composed of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and the two follower linkages 9, or the driving linkage 20 is composed of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 and the two follower linkages 9.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, in the present embodiment, the driving linkage 20 includes an eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and two follower linkages 9, a first end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10, a second end of the eccentric self-locking linkage 8 is hinged to first ends of the two follower linkages 9, and second ends of the two follower linkages 9 are respectively used for being hinged to first ends of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220. The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 drives the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 to move together.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, in the present embodiment, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 includes a shaft sleeve 1, a swing block 2, a crank 3 and a cross beam 7, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 are sequentially hinged, a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft 10, and the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 can rotate around the driving shaft 10 like a hinge. When the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the coiling direction, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are wrapped on the driving shaft 10; when the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the extension direction, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are separated from the driving shaft 10. Because the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are all rigid structures, the free end (second end) of the crank throw 3 can be driven to move in a plane vertical to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 through the rotation of the driving shaft 10.

The self-locking of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is realized by the structure of the shaft sleeve 1 and the crank throw 3, specifically, referring to fig. 3 and fig. 5, in this embodiment, the side portion of the crank throw 3 is provided with an eccentric groove 3a, and when the driving link mechanism 20 is in a contraction state, that is, the hinged shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are in a winding state, an eccentric angle exists between a connecting line of the center of the eccentric groove 3a and the center of the hinged point of the swinging block 2-the crank throw 3 and the axis of the driving link mechanism 20, so that the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of the self-locking eccentric distance of the mechanism. The shape of the eccentric groove 3a is matched with the cross section shape of the shaft sleeve 1, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 rotates and contracts to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped in the eccentric groove 3a or rotates and expands to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3a under the driving of the driving shaft 10.

The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8 and the follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 are hinged through cross beams 7, referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the cross beams 7 are fixedly installed at the free ends of the crank throws 3, two ends of the cross beams 7 extend out of the crank throws 3, first ends of the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 are hinged with two ends of the cross beams 7 respectively, rotating shafts of hinged points are perpendicular to a driving shaft 10, and when the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8 are wound or unfolded, the two follow-up connecting rod mechanisms 9 can be driven to rotate relatively or oppositely in a plane defined by the axis of the driving shaft 10 and the axis of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanisms 8, so that the side-by-side door can be opened or closed.

In other embodiments, the driving linkage 20 may further include two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 and two follower linkages 9, a first end of each of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10, a second end of each of the two eccentric self-locking linkages 8 is hinged to a first end of each of the two follower linkages 9, and a second end of each of the two follower linkages 9 is hinged to a first end of each of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220.

In this embodiment, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 may adopt a structure similar to that of the present embodiment, specifically, as shown in fig. 6, when the driving link mechanism 20 includes two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms 8 and two follower link mechanisms 9, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 only includes a shaft sleeve 1, a swing block 2 and a crank 3, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1, the swing block 2 and the crank 3 are sequentially hinged, and a rotating shaft of a hinge point is parallel to the driving shaft 10; the free end of the bell crank 3 is used for hinging with the first end of the follower linkage 9, and the rotating shaft of the hinging point is vertical to the driving shaft 10. The structure of the crank throw 3 can be the same as that of the embodiment, namely, the side part of the crank throw 3 is provided with an eccentric groove 3a, and the shape of the eccentric groove 3a is matched with the cross-sectional shape of the shaft sleeve 1, so that the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can be rotationally contracted under the driving of the driving shaft 10 to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped into the eccentric groove 3a or rotationally expanded to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3 a.

In the present invention, the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is opened and self-locked by passing through the dead point, so the shaft sleeve 1 is preferably configured as a prismatic sleeve, and the corresponding eccentric groove 3a is preferably a prismatic groove. For example, the prism structures are all quadrangular prisms and chamfered edges, and of course, triangular prisms, pentagonal prisms or other prism structures are also applicable. Correspondingly, a prism section is arranged on the driving shaft 10, the shaft sleeve 1 is sleeved on the prism section, and rotation stopping and torque transmission are realized through the prism structure.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, in the present embodiment, the follower link mechanism 9 includes a link member and a connection ring 6, a first end of the link member is hinged to a second end (an end of the cross beam 7 or a free end of the crank 3) of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8, a rotation shaft of the hinge point is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10, a hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the link member, and the connection ring 6 is hung on the hanging ring for being hinged to the door panel.

Considering manufacturing errors of the side-by-side door and assembly tolerances of the opening and closing mechanism, it may cause the first and second bottom doors 210 and 220 to be out of synchronization in opening degree or the sealing gap when closed to be not up to standard. In order to solve the technical problem, as a preferred embodiment, the link member includes a link 4 and an adjusting rod 5, a first end of the link 4 is hinged to a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8, a second end of the link 4 is in threaded connection with a first end of the adjusting rod 5, a matching structure of a link external thread and an adjusting rod 5 internal thread is preferred, and the hanging ring is disposed at the second end of the adjusting rod 5. When the opening degrees of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are not synchronous or the sealing gap does not reach the standard when the doors are closed, the overall length of the connecting rod member can be changed by adjusting the relative position of the connecting rod and the adjusting rod 5, so that the dislocation amount caused by manufacturing errors and assembly tolerances is compensated.

In general, a side-by-side door having a length of 1.5m or less can be opened by one-side driving, and if the length of the side-by-side door exceeds 1.5m, it is necessary to provide an opening/closing mechanism at both ends of the side-by-side door. That is, for a side-by-side door with a length exceeding 1.5m, the corresponding side-by-side door opening and closing mechanism further includes a driven shaft 30, a driven link mechanism 40 and a transmission mechanism 50, the driven shaft 30 is spaced from and parallel to the driving shaft 10, the structure of the driven link mechanism 40 is the same as that of the driving link mechanism 20, that is, the driven link mechanism also includes an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and a follower link mechanism 9, a first end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is fixedly connected with the driven shaft 30, a second end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is hinged to a first end of the follower link mechanism 9, and a second end of the follower link mechanism 9 is hinged to second ends of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220, respectively. The specific structure of the driven linkage 40 can refer to the driving linkage 20, and the detailed description is omitted here.

The transmission mechanism 50 is connected to the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10, respectively, so that the driven shaft 30 rotates synchronously with the driving shaft 10. The driven link mechanism 40 is perpendicular to the driven shaft 30, and the transmission mechanism 50 may adopt any existing mechanism for transmitting torque and realizing synchronous motion, such as a chain transmission mechanism 50, a synchronous belt, and the like, and the specific type is not limited by the present invention. In this embodiment, the transmission mechanism 50 is a chain transmission mechanism 50, the chain transmission mechanism 50 includes a driving sprocket 51, a driven sprocket 52 and a transmission chain 53, the driving sprocket 51 and the driven sprocket 52 are respectively and fixedly installed on the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30, and the transmission chain 53 is sleeved on the driving sprocket 51 and the driven sprocket 52 to transmit torque.

In the specific structural arrangement of the opening and closing mechanism of the side-by-side door, two schemes can be selected: symmetrical or equidirectional. Symmetrical arrangement structure referring to fig. 1, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are symmetrically disposed with a central axis of the side-by-side door parallel to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10/the driven shaft 30 (i.e., a central axis of the side-by-side door in the width direction) as a symmetry axis. At this time, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are mirror-symmetric with respect to the symmetry axis, the self-locking direction of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is opposite, and in order to realize the synchronous motion of the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20, the transmission chain 53 needs to be twisted 180 degrees and then sleeved on a sprocket, and the synchronous and reverse rotation of the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 can be ensured by twisting the transmission chain 53.

The same direction arrangement referring to fig. 7, the driven linkage 40 and the driving linkage 20 are identical in structure and installation direction. At this time, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 have the same self-locking direction no matter the structure or the installation, the self-locking direction of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 is the same, and the transmission chain 53 does not need to be twisted at this time, and can be directly sleeved on the driving chain wheel 51 and the driven chain wheel 52, so that the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 synchronously rotate in the same direction to transmit torque.

Compared with a same-direction arrangement structure, when a symmetrical arrangement structure is adopted, the number and the types of all related accessories on the driving side and the driven side are completely the same, and the process of production organization is relatively simple. And structurally, the symmetrical arrangement structure is adopted, so that the stress conditions on the two sides of the split door are completely the same. Therefore, when applied to a side-by-side door having a length exceeding 1.5m, the opening and closing mechanism should preferably have a symmetrical arrangement structure.

The opening/closing driving device 800 is used to drive the driving shaft 10 to rotate, and any device that can realize rotation can be used as the opening/closing driving device 800, and the specific implementation manner of the present invention is not limited. In one embodiment, the opening and closing driving device 800 is a hand wheel, and the hand wheel is installed on the driving shaft 10, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 7; in another embodiment, the opening and closing driving device 800 includes a power source 810, a speed reducer 820, a transmission shaft 830 and a driving transmission mechanism 840, which are connected in sequence, wherein a torque output end of the driving transmission mechanism 840 is fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, the power source may be a hand wheel or a motor, and the driving transmission mechanism 840 is preferably a chain transmission mechanism 50, and the specific structure is shown in fig. 1. In another embodiment, the opening and closing driving device 800 includes an air cylinder and a driving link assembly, a torque input end of the driving link assembly is hinged to a piston of the air cylinder, and a torque output end of the driving link assembly is fixedly connected to the driving shaft 10.

Referring to fig. 8 to 11, the operation principle of the bottom door opening and closing system provided in this embodiment is as follows:

the opening and closing driving device 800 drives the driving shaft 10 to rotate, and the driving link mechanism 20 is perpendicular to the driving shaft 10 and fixedly connected with the driving shaft 10, so that the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 of the driving link mechanism 20 can rotate in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 by taking the driving shaft 10 as a rotating shaft under the driving of the driving shaft 10. When the driving shaft 10 rotates towards the coiling direction, all components (a shaft sleeve 1, a swinging block 2 and a crank throw 3) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 are wrapped on the driving shaft 10; when the driving shaft 10 rotates to the extension direction, all components (the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3) of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 are separated from the driving shaft 10. Because the shaft sleeve 1, the swinging block 2 and the crank throw 3 are all rigid structures, the free end (the second end of the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8) of the crank throw 3 can be driven to move in a plane vertical to the axial direction of the driving shaft 10 by the rotation of the driving shaft 10, and therefore the spatial position of the free end of the crank throw 3 is changed.

Because the two ends of the following link mechanism 9 are respectively hinged with the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the door panel, when the spatial position of the hinged end of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 changes, the following link mechanism 9 moves along with the change of the spatial position based on the rigid structure of the following link mechanism, so that the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220 are driven to be opened or closed.

The eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can realize self-locking by means of self-locking eccentricity of the mechanism, when the driving shaft 10 rotates, the eccentric self-locking connecting rod mechanism 8 can rotate and contract under the driving of the driving shaft 10 to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is clamped into the eccentric groove 3a, so that self-locking is realized, the state corresponds to a closing state of the split door, and accidental opening of the split door is avoided. The eccentric self-locking linkage mechanism 8 can also be driven by the driving shaft 10 to rotate and unfold to a state that the shaft sleeve 1 is separated from the eccentric groove 3a, and the state corresponds to the opening state of the split door.

For the split door driven by the two ends of the driving side and the driven side, when the driving shaft 10 rotates, the torque can be synchronously transmitted to the driven shaft 30 through the transmission mechanism 50, and then at the driven side, the driven shaft 30 acts as the driving shaft 10 to drive the driven link mechanism 40 to synchronously act, so as to jointly open or close the split door.

Example 2:

based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment provides a railway hopper car, which can be any existing railway hopper car such as a ballast hopper car, a coal hopper car and the like. Unlike the prior art, the railway hopper car has the bottom door opening and closing system of embodiment 1 described above.

Specifically, referring to fig. 12, the railway hopper car includes a hopper 300, a bottom chassis 400, a bogie 500, a brake device 600, a coupler buffer device 700, a bottom door opening and closing device 100 and an opening and closing driving device 800, wherein the hopper is installed above the bottom chassis 400, and the bogie 500, the brake device 600 and the coupler buffer device 700 are all installed below the bottom chassis 400.

In the railway hopper car, the bottom door opening/closing device 100 may be configured to be driven on the driving side in the above-described embodiment 1, or may be configured to be driven on both ends of the driving side and the driven side. When the driving side and the driven side are adopted for driving, a same-direction arrangement structure or a symmetrical arrangement structure can be selected. The driving link mechanism 20/the driven link mechanism 40 of the bottom door opening and closing device 100 may adopt the structural form of the eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and the two follower link mechanisms 9, and may also adopt the structural form of the two eccentric self-locking link mechanisms 8 and the two follower link mechanisms 9, and the specific application form of the invention is not limited.

Because the bottom door of the railway hopper car is generally longer and exceeds 1.5m, the bottom door opening and closing device 100 in the embodiment adopts a structure driven by two ends of a driving side and a driven side, and preferably adopts a symmetrical arrangement structure, and the driving linkage 20/the driven linkage 40 adopt the structural forms of an eccentric self-locking linkage 8 and two following linkages 9. The opening and closing driving device 800 preferably selects a hand wheel, the hand wheel is exposed out of the railway hopper car, an operator stands on the ground to operate, the hand wheel is rotated to drive the transmission shaft to rotate, a chain is adopted for transmission connection, and then the bottom door is opened through the movement of the connecting rod mechanism, so that the unloading to the inner side of the track is realized.

Referring to fig. 8 to 11, the vertical projections of the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 of the bottom door opening and closing device 100 extend in the horizontal direction, the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10 may be horizontally disposed in the horizontal direction or may be inclined downward in the horizontal direction, that is, the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30 are horizontally disposed, and the driven shaft 30 and the driving shaft 10 are symmetrically disposed at two ends of the longitudinally split inner-detachable bottom door 200. In the bottom door opening/closing device 100, the driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 are symmetrically provided with the transverse central axis of the split bottom door (i.e., the central axis in the width direction of the split door) as a symmetry axis. The driven link mechanism 40 and the driving link mechanism 20 have the same structure, and both include an eccentric self-locking link mechanism 8 and two follower link mechanisms 9, and the two follower link mechanisms 9 are respectively hinged with the inner side edges of the first bottom door 210 and the second bottom door 220. Two ends of the bottom door are symmetrically provided with a set of link mechanism respectively, and the link mechanisms are connected on the side surface of the vehicle body through chains, so that the two ends of the bottom door are stressed uniformly, and the generation of holding force, distortion and the like is avoided.

When the bottom door is closed, the locking is realized through the eccentric self-locking of the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 and the driven connecting rod mechanism 40. When the bottom door is opened, the driving shaft 10 rotates, transmission transition is carried out through a chain, and then the bottom door is opened by the action of the driving connecting rod mechanism 20 and the driven connecting rod mechanism 40 to cross a dead point.

Because the driving shafts (the driving shaft 10 and the driven shaft 30) in the bottom door opening and closing system of the railway hopper car of the embodiment are arranged along the transverse direction of the car body, the chain transmission mechanisms 50 are arranged only on the side edges of the bottom doors, and one driving shaft simultaneously drives the two bottom doors to open or close, the railway hopper car of the embodiment eliminates the longitudinal transmission shaft for transmitting torque in the prior art based on the structure.

Longitudinal drive shaft link up the automobile body unloading region among the prior art, consequently need have vertical funnel spine in the automobile body, and the existence of vertical funnel spine on the one hand crowds the cargo space who occupies the funnel, and the existence of vertical funnel spine of on the other hand makes the bottom door can only open to both sides, outside, is provided with two discharge openings promptly transversely, and the aperture of single discharge opening is not big. For example, the longitudinal inward-discharging type and longitudinal outward-discharging type bottom door structures of KZ70 series stone ballast hopper cars in China are divided into four discharging openings by longitudinal hopper ridges and ballast dividing beams of a car body, and the opening degree of the bottom door is 190 mm. A KM70 series coal hopper car longitudinal outward-discharging type bottom door structure is divided into two discharging openings by a car body longitudinal hopper ridge, and the opening degree of the bottom door is 450 mm. Therefore, the hopper car with the longitudinally arranged bottom door structure in the prior art is only suitable for loading and transporting large-particle goods with good liquidity. For powdery goods with high viscosity, the goods are not easy to flow out, so that the goods are not suitable for use.

The transmission mechanism of the railway hopper car of the embodiment plays a role of a longitudinal transmission shaft for transmitting torque in the prior art, the transmission mechanism is laterally arranged, the longitudinal transmission shaft is prevented from being arranged in the middle of the bottom door opening and closing device, a longitudinal hopper ridge is correspondingly not required to be arranged in the hopper, the bottom of the hopper is only provided with a longitudinal large-opening bottom door, the opening degree of the bottom door of the KM70 series coal hopper car in the same series can reach more than 800mm, and the railway hopper car is suitable for loading and transporting large-particle goods with good flowability. For powdery cargos with high viscosity, the cargos are not easy to flow out, and the railway hopper car is also suitable for the railway hopper car. In addition, the longitudinal funnel ridge is not required to be arranged in the funnel, so that the actual cargo space of the funnel is increased by about 9m compared with the prior art KM70 series coal hopper cars in the same series³Specific volume of coal 1.07m³Calculated by/t (cubic meter per ton), the railway hopper car can increase the loading capacity by more than 8 tons.

Compared with the prior art, the railway hopper car provided by the embodiment has the following advantages:

1) in the railway hopper wagon provided by the embodiment, the bottom door opening and closing device comprises a group of longitudinal split internal-unloading bottom doors, a manual opening and closing mechanical transmission device and the like, the bottom doors comprise a left bottom door and a right bottom door which are rotatably arranged at the bottom of a discharge opening of a wagon body and are symmetrically arranged along the longitudinal central line of the wagon body, and the bottom doors are opened and closed by adopting a manually operated link mechanism and are intensively controlled by a hand wheel. Two ends of the bottom door are respectively provided with a set of link mechanism in parallel, and the horizontal chains arranged in parallel are in transmission connection on the side surface of the vehicle body, so that the two ends of the bottom door are stressed uniformly, and the generation of force building, distortion and the like is avoided.

2) In the railway hopper wagon provided by the embodiment, the bottom door opening and closing system adopts a mechanical control device operated by a hand wheel, and is suitable for unloading at a fixed unloading point and is operated by an operator standing on the ground. The floor surface at the end of the vehicle may be provided with a speed reducer for manual operation, or may be controlled by a pneumatic or hydraulic control system.

3) The transmission shaft of control bottom door switching is arranged along automobile body transverse direction, and arranges on the floor of automobile body chassis tip, need not to occupy automobile body middle part space arrangement longitudinal drive axle, need not to set up the funnel vertical ridge at the automobile body middle part, and every group bottom door only has an unloading mouth, has consequently increased the aperture of bottom door, has simplified the vehicle structure, has reduced manufacturing, cost of maintenance, has further improved the application reliability and the adaptability of vehicle.

While the preferred embodiments of the present application have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present application without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalents, the present application is intended to include such modifications and variations as well.