阅读说明：本技术 一种拖车四轮转向机构 (Trailer four-wheel steering mechanism ) 是由 危平 万凤先 段红文 熊加聪 李林 杨小波 张发云 田野 于 2021-01-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种拖车四轮转向机构,包括车架和至少两组连接横桥,车架设在连接横桥上,连接横桥两端通过转向拐臂与车轮连接,前轮通过第一转向拐臂与转向架连接,前轮的第一转向拐臂通过转向前拉杆与转向臂一端连接,转向臂另一端通过转向后拉杆与后轮的第二转向拐臂连接,转向臂中部通过转动轴与车架转动连接。前轮转向时会带动转向前拉杆前后移动,转向前拉杆通过换向臂与转向后拉杆连接使转向后拉杆反向移动进而驱动后轮与前轮实现同步反向转向实现四轮同步转向功能,在后轴上还设有后转向平衡拉杆已保证左右两轮转向的同步性。实现拖车四个轮胎同步转向,大大缩小转弯半径提升车辆操控性、灵活性减少轮胎磨损。(The invention provides a four-wheel steering mechanism of a trailer, which comprises a frame and at least two groups of connecting cross bridges, wherein the frame is arranged on the connecting cross bridges, two ends of each connecting cross bridge are connected with wheels through steering connecting levers, front wheels are connected with a steering frame through first steering connecting levers, the first steering connecting levers of the front wheels are connected with one ends of the steering arms through steering front pull rods, the other ends of the steering arms are connected with second steering connecting levers of rear wheels through steering rear pull rods, and the middle parts of the steering arms are rotatably connected with the frame through rotating shafts. The front wheel can drive the front steering pull rod to move back and forth when steering, the front steering pull rod is connected with the rear steering pull rod through the reversing arm so that the rear steering pull rod moves reversely to drive the rear wheel and the front wheel to realize synchronous reverse steering and realize the four-wheel synchronous steering function, and the rear axle is also provided with a rear steering balance pull rod to ensure the steering synchronism of the left and right wheels. The four tires of the trailer are synchronously steered, the turning radius is greatly reduced, the vehicle maneuverability is improved, the flexibility is improved, and the tire abrasion is reduced.)

1. A four-wheel steering mechanism of a trailer is characterized in that: including frame (1) and at least two sets of connection cross axle (9), establish on connecting cross axle (9) frame (1), connect cross axle (9) both ends and be connected with the wheel through turning to connecting lever, front wheel (12) are connected with bogie (8) through first turning to connecting lever (23), the first turning to connecting lever (23) of front wheel (12) is connected with turning to arm (15) one end through turning to preceding pull rod (13), turning to arm (15) other end is connected with second turning to connecting lever (24) of rear wheel (18) through turning to back pull rod (17), turning to arm (15) middle part is passed through axis of rotation (1601) and is connected with frame (1) rotation.

2. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 1, wherein: the steering wheel (7) is arranged on the steering frame (8), the steering frame (8) is rotatably connected with the frame (1) through the steering wheel (7), and two sides of the end part of the steering frame (8) are respectively connected with first steering crank arms (23) at two ends of the connecting transverse bridge (9) through two front-rotating transverse pull rods (11).

3. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 2, wherein: one end of the front rotating transverse pull rod (11) is hinged with the bogie (8), and the other end of the front rotating transverse pull rod (11) is hinged with a first small support rod (2302) of the first steering crank arm (23).

4. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 1, wherein: connect horizontal axle (9) tip and be equipped with articulated seat of second (902), turn to and be equipped with connecting block (2303) on the turning arm, turn to the turning arm and pass through connecting block (2303) and rotate with articulated seat of second (902) and be connected, the wheel with turn to the turning arm and rotate and be connected.

5. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 1, wherein: one end of a front steering pull rod (13) is hinged with a first large support rod (2301) of a first steering crank arm (23), the other end of the front steering pull rod is hinged with a steering arm (15), one end of a rear steering pull rod (17) is hinged with the steering arm (15), the other end of the rear steering pull rod is hinged with a second large support rod (2401) of a second steering crank arm (24), and two ends of a rotating shaft (1601) of the steering arm (15) are connected with the frame (1) through a bearing seat (16).

6. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 5, wherein: the rear wheels (18) are connected with a rear connecting transverse axle (903) through second steering crank arms (24), a rear steering transverse pull rod (19) is further arranged, the rear steering transverse pull rod (19) is connected with the second steering crank arms (24) of the two rear wheels (18), and two ends of the rear steering transverse pull rod (19) are hinged with second small support rods (2402) of the second steering crank arms (24) of the two rear wheels (18).

7. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 1, wherein: the front wheels (12) and the rear wheels (18) are symmetrically arranged along the central line of the bogie (8), a plurality of leaf springs (20) are arranged on the connecting transverse axle (9) and the rear connecting transverse axle (903), and the frame (1) is arranged on the leaf springs (20).

8. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 1, wherein: a plurality of shock absorbers (10) are further arranged between the frame (1) and the connecting transverse bridge (9) and the rear connecting transverse bridge (903), one end of each shock absorber (10) is hinged to a first hinged seat (901) connected with the transverse bridge (9), and the other end of each shock absorber is hinged to a wheel cover (2) of the frame (1).

9. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 1, wherein: still be equipped with traction frame (3), traction frame (3) are connected through round pin axle (6) with bogie (8), traction frame (3) tip is equipped with draw gear (5), draw gear (5) are equipped with drag chain (502) including drag ring (501), be equipped with on drag ring (501), draw gear (5) top is equipped with the striking and stops (4), be equipped with brake disc (22) on the wheel, be equipped with brake caliper (21) on brake disc (22), brake caliper (21) and the hydraulic pressure staving (403) intercommunication of striking (4) of stopping.

10. The four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer of claim 9, wherein: strike (4) and stop including fixing base (402), be equipped with impact head (401) on fixing base (402), impact head (401) tip passes fixing base (402) and is close to leaning on head (404), lean on head (404) to establish at control arm (406) tip, control arm (406) are connected with supporting seat (409) through hinge bar (405), supporting seat (409) are established on fixing base (402), establish on supporting seat (409) hydraulic barrel body (403), hydraulic stem (408) and control arm (406) of hydraulic barrel body (403) are articulated, be equipped with locking rack (407) on control arm (406), a plurality of latch cards of locking rack (407) are spacing on supporting seat (409).

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of trailers, in particular to a four-wheel steering mechanism of a trailer.

Background

At present, the traditional trailer steering mechanism can only realize the steering of the front wheels, the whole trailer is steered by the rear wheels under the traction of the front wheels, the steering mechanism is inflexible in steering, the minimum turning radius is large, and the whole trailer is not suitable to be steered in a narrow space. Therefore, a four-wheel steering mechanism capable of stably achieving simultaneous steering of front wheels and rear wheels is needed, the minimum turning radius can be reduced, and the operation capacity of the whole vehicle in a narrow space is improved.

Chinese patent CN 207015426U "a four-wheel steering mechanism for trailer", which directly transmits the swing of a drawbar to a steering rod, and the steering rod and a knuckle arm are pulled by the steering rod to realize wheel steering. The structure has poor synchronization performance, the steering directions of the front wheels and the rear wheels are the same in the opposite directions, and the turning radius does not reach the minimum.

Chinese patent CN201042971Y "a four-wheel steering mechanism for motor vehicle" belongs to the field of steering mechanisms for motor vehicles, and the steering mechanism transfers the steering to a rear wheel steering transmission mechanism through a set of gear transmission device by the steering of a front wheel steering transmission mechanism. Through the meshing and the dislocation of the front transmission gear and the steering gear set, the front wheel steering and the rear wheel steering in the same direction and in opposite directions are realized. The adoption of the gear connection mode has poor stability, the reversing structure is complex, and the maintenance is difficult.

Chinese patent CN104925132A "chassis with four-wheel steering" rear steering axle includes a rear wheel steering drive axle and a rear wheel steering return mechanism, wherein the rear wheel steering drive axle includes an axle body, a left knuckle and a right knuckle respectively located at two ends of the axle body, two knuckle arms respectively fixed to the left knuckle and the right knuckle, two trapezoid arms respectively fixed to the left knuckle and the right knuckle, and a rear tie rod connecting the two trapezoid arms; the left steering knuckle and the right steering knuckle are respectively and fixedly connected with hubs of two rear wheels; the rear wheel steering and aligning mechanism comprises a hydraulic aligning cylinder, a motor, a rear wheel steering machine, a steering rocker arm and a rear wheel steering pull rod which are sequentially connected, a knuckle arm connected with the rear wheel steering pull rod moves to drive the rear wheel to steer, and the other knuckle arm is connected with a piston rod of the hydraulic aligning cylinder. Adopt electric drive liquid feeding pressure helping hand, the motor drives rear wheel steering machine, and rear wheel steering machine passes through hydraulic pressure helping hand, promotes rear wheel steering mechanism again, adopts the electric mode also comparatively inconvenient on the trailer.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a four-wheel steering mechanism of a trailer, which solves the problems that the steering mechanism is inflexible in steering, large in minimum turning radius and not suitable for steering the whole trailer in a narrow space, and the whole trailer is steered under the traction of front wheels by rear wheels.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the utility model provides a trailer four-wheel steering mechanism, includes frame and at least two sets of connection crossbeams, and the frame is established on connecting the crossbeams, connects the crossbeams both ends and is connected with the wheel through turning to the turning arm, and the front wheel is connected with the bogie through first turning to the turning arm, and the first turning to the turning arm of front wheel is connected with turning to arm one end through turning to the front pull rod, turns to the arm other end and is connected with the second turning to the turning arm of rear wheel through turning to the back pull rod, turns to the arm middle part and passes through axis of rotation and frame rotation and.

In the preferred scheme, a steering turntable is arranged on a bogie, the bogie is rotationally connected with a frame through the steering turntable, and two sides of the end part of the bogie are respectively connected with first steering crank arms at two ends of a connecting transverse bridge through two front-rotating transverse pull rods.

In the preferred scheme, one end of the front-rotating transverse pull rod is hinged with the bogie, and the other end of the front-rotating transverse pull rod is hinged with the first small support rod of the first steering crank arm.

In the preferred scheme, connect the horizontal bridge tip and be equipped with the articulated seat of second, be equipped with the connecting block on turning to the turning arm, turn to the turning arm and pass through the connecting block and be connected with the articulated seat rotation of second, the wheel with turn to the turning arm and rotate and be connected.

In the preferred scheme, one end of a steering front pull rod is hinged with a first large support rod of a first steering crank arm, the other end of the steering front pull rod is hinged with the steering arm, one end of a steering rear pull rod is hinged with the steering arm, the other end of the steering rear pull rod is hinged with a second large support rod of a second steering crank arm, and two ends of a rotating shaft of the steering arm are connected with a frame through bearing seats.

In the preferred scheme, the rear wheels are connected with a rear connecting transverse axle through second steering crank arms, a rear steering transverse pull rod is further arranged, the rear steering transverse pull rod is connected with the second steering crank arms of the two rear wheels, and two ends of the rear steering transverse pull rod are hinged with second small support rods of the second steering crank arms of the two rear wheels.

In the preferred scheme, front wheels and rear wheels are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the bogie, a plurality of leaf springs are arranged on the connecting transverse axle and the rear connecting transverse axle, and the frame is arranged on the leaf springs.

In the preferred scheme, still be equipped with a plurality of bumper shock absorbers between frame and connection cross axle and the rear connection cross axle, bumper shock absorber one end is articulated with the first articulated seat of connecting the cross axle, and the other end is articulated with the wheel casing of frame.

In the preferred scheme, the hydraulic cylinder is further provided with a traction frame, the traction frame is connected with the steering frame through a pin shaft, the end part of the traction frame is provided with a traction device, the traction device comprises a traction ring, a traction chain is arranged on the traction ring, an impact brake is arranged above the traction device, a brake disc is arranged on a wheel, a brake caliper is arranged on the brake disc, and the brake caliper is communicated with a hydraulic cylinder body of the impact brake;

the striking is stopped including the fixing base, is equipped with the striking head on the fixing base, and striking head end passes the fixing base and is close to leaning on the head, supports to establish at the control arm tip by the head, and the control arm passes through hinge bar and supporting connection, and the supporting seat is established on the fixing base, is equipped with the hydraulic pressure staving on the supporting seat, and the hydraulic stem of hydraulic pressure staving is articulated with the control arm, is equipped with the locking rack on the control arm, and a plurality of latch cards of locking rack are spacing on the supporting seat.

When in use, the four-wheel steering chassis system is provided with a traction frame, and a traction ring is arranged on the traction frame and can be connected with a tractor through the traction ring so as to pull the trailer. The traction frame is provided with an impact type braking system to realize the braking of the whole vehicle. The traction frame is hinged with the bogie through a pin shaft, and the articulated mechanism can absorb road jolt and also can ensure that the traction frame can flexibly rotate up and down around the pin shaft under various road conditions. The bogie is fixed below the frame through a steering turntable, a ball head at the tail end of the bogie is connected with a front steering tie rod, the front steering tie rod is connected with a front wheel of the vehicle, the traction frame can swing left and right along with the tractor when the tractor steers, and the traction frame can drive the front steering tie rod to move left and right while swinging so as to drive the front wheel to realize left and right steering. The front wheel can drive the front steering pull rod to move back and forth when steering, the front steering pull rod is connected with the rear steering pull rod through the reversing arm so that the rear steering pull rod moves reversely to drive the rear wheel and the front wheel to realize synchronous reverse steering and realize the four-wheel synchronous steering function, and the rear axle is also provided with a rear steering balance pull rod to ensure the steering synchronism of the left and right wheels. The four tires of the trailer are synchronously steered, the turning radius is greatly reduced, the vehicle maneuverability is improved, the flexibility is improved, and the tire abrasion is reduced. The mechanism has simple structure and flexible operation, can realize the adjustment of the equidirectional and opposite rotation of the front wheel and the rear wheel, and can carry out turning with smaller radius and parking in narrow space according to the intention of a driver. The steering mechanism does not need a hydraulic and electronic system with a complex structure, has low manufacturing cost and can be widely used for four-wheel steering operation of various motor vehicles.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

FIG. 1 is a general block diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a structural view of a front wheel and rear wheel steering mounting position of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a four wheel steering mounting structure of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view of the steering arm mounting structure of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a view showing the construction of the crank arm mounting of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a structural view of the impact brake mounting of the present invention;

in the figure: a frame 1; a wheel cover 2; a traction frame 3; a collision brake 4; a striker head 401; a fixed seat 402; a hydraulic bucket body 403; an abutment head 404; a hinge lever 405; a control arm 406; a locking rack 407; a hydraulic rod 408; a support seat 409; a traction device 5; a traction ring 501; a drag chain 502; a pin 6; a steering wheel 7; a bogie 8; connecting the transverse bridge 9; a first hinge mount 901; a second hinge mount 902; a rear connecting transverse bridge 903; a shock absorber 10; the front turning transverse pull rod 11; a front wheel 12; turning the front pull rod 13; a ball head 14; a steering arm 15; a bearing housing 16; a rotating shaft 1601; a steering rear link 17; a rear wheel 18; a rear tie rod 19; a leaf spring 20; a brake caliper 21; a brake disc 22; a first steering crank arm 23; a first large strut 2301; a first small strut 2302; a connecting block 2303; a second steering knuckle arm 24; a second large strut 2401; second small strut 2402.

Detailed Description

As shown in fig. 1 to 6, a four-wheel steering mechanism for a trailer comprises a frame 1 and at least two groups of connecting cross axles 9, wherein the frame 1 is arranged on the connecting cross axles 9, two ends of each connecting cross axle 9 are connected with wheels through steering connecting levers, front wheels 12 are connected with a bogie 8 through first steering connecting levers 23, the first steering connecting levers 23 of the front wheels 12 are connected with one ends of steering arms 15 through steering front pull rods 13, the other ends of the steering arms 15 are connected with second steering connecting levers 24 of rear wheels 18 through steering rear pull rods 17, and the middle parts of the steering arms 15 are rotatably connected with the frame 1 through rotating shafts 1601. As shown in the structure of figure 2, the front wheels 12 and the rear wheels 18 are connected through a steering front pull rod 13 and a steering rear pull rod 17, the steering front pull rod 13 and the steering rear pull rod 17 are connected through a steering arm 15, when the front wheels 12 rotate rightwards, the rear wheels 18 rotate leftwards, and the synchronous reverse steering of the front wheels 12 and the front wheels 12 is realized, so that the four-wheel synchronous steering function is realized.

In the preferred scheme, a steering turntable 7 is arranged on a bogie 8, the bogie 8 is rotatably connected with the frame 1 through the steering turntable 7, and two sides of the end part of the bogie 8 are respectively connected with first steering crank arms 23 at two ends of a connecting cross bridge 9 through two front-turning transverse pull rods 11. Bogie 8 is fixed in frame 1 below through steering wheel 7, and bogie 8 end has the bulb to be connected with preceding steering tie rod 11, and preceding steering tie rod 11 is connected with vehicle front wheel 12, and traction frame 8 can follow the tractor and swing from side to side when the tractor turns to, and traction frame 8 swing can drive preceding transverse tie rod 11 and remove and then drive front wheel 12 and rear wheel 18 and realize turning from side to side when can driving the tractor and turn to the left and right sides.

In a preferred scheme, one end of the front transverse pull rod 11 is hinged with the bogie 8, and the other end of the front transverse pull rod 11 is hinged with the first small fulcrum 2302 of the first steering crank arm 23. In the structure shown in fig. 3 or 5, the first small fulcrum 2302 of the first steering crank arm 23 is hinged with the front-to-back cross pull rod 11, and the front-to-back cross pull rod 11 drives the first steering crank arm 23 to rotate.

In the preferred scheme, connect 9 tip of cross axle and be equipped with the articulated seat 902 of second, turn to and be equipped with connecting block 2303 on the turning arm, turn to the turning arm and pass through connecting block 2303 and be connected with the articulated seat 902 rotation of second, the wheel with turn to the turning arm and rotate and be connected. The steering crank arm is hinged with a second hinged seat 902 connected with a transverse bridge 9 through a connecting block 2303, so that the wheels can swing left and right.

In a preferable scheme, one end of a front steering pull rod 13 is hinged with a first large strut 2301 of a first steering crank arm 23, the other end of the front steering pull rod is hinged with a steering arm 15, one end of a rear steering pull rod 17 is hinged with the steering arm 15, the other end of the rear steering pull rod is hinged with a second large strut 2401 of a second steering crank arm 24, and two ends of a rotating shaft 1601 of the steering arm 15 are connected with a frame 1 through bearing seats 16. In the structure shown in fig. 3, the first steering crank arm 23 and the second steering crank arm 24 are connected through a first large strut 2301 and a second large strut 2401, and the front steering tie rod 13 and the rear steering tie rod 17 are connected through a steering arm 15, so that the front wheel 12 and the rear wheel 18 are driven to steer in the left-right direction.

In a preferable scheme, the rear wheels 18 are connected with the rear connecting cross axle 903 through second steering crank arms 24, a rear steering transverse pull rod 19 is further arranged, the rear steering transverse pull rod 19 is connected with the second steering crank arms 24 of the two rear wheels 18, and two ends of the rear steering transverse pull rod 19 are hinged with the second small support rods 2402 of the second steering crank arms 24 of the two rear wheels 18. And a rear steering balance pull rod 19 is arranged on the rear shaft to ensure the steering synchronism of the left and the right wheels of the rear wheel 18.

In a preferable scheme, the front wheels 12 and the rear wheels 18 are symmetrically arranged along the center line of the bogie 8, the connecting transverse bridge 9 and the rear connecting transverse bridge 903 are provided with a plurality of leaf springs 20, and the frame 1 is arranged on the leaf springs 20. The front wheel 12 and the rear wheel 18 are arranged in bilateral symmetry, as shown in the configuration of fig. 2-3. The leaf spring 20 also acts as a shock absorber.

In the preferred scheme, still be equipped with a plurality of bumper shock absorbers 10 between frame 1 and connection cross axle 9 and the rear connection cross axle 903, bumper shock absorber 10 one end is articulated with the first articulated seat 901 of connecting cross axle 9, and the other end is articulated with wheel casing 2 of frame 1. The shock absorber 10 and the steel plate spring 20 are matched, so that the shock absorption effect is better.

In a preferable scheme, the traction frame 3 is further arranged, the traction frame 3 is connected with a bogie 8 through a pin shaft 6, a traction device 5 is arranged at the end portion of the traction frame 3, the traction device 5 comprises a traction ring 501, a traction chain 502 is arranged on the traction ring 501, an impact brake 4 is arranged above the traction device 5, a brake disc 22 is arranged on a wheel, a brake caliper 21 is arranged on the brake disc 22, the brake caliper 21 is communicated with a hydraulic barrel body 403 of the impact brake 4, the impact brake 4 comprises a fixed seat 402, an impact head 401 is arranged on the fixed seat 402, the end portion of the impact head 401 penetrates through the fixed seat 402 to be close to an abutting head 404, the abutting head 404 is arranged at the end portion of a control arm 406, the control arm 406 is connected with a supporting seat 409 through a hinge rod 405, the supporting seat 409 is arranged on the fixed seat 402, a hydraulic barrel body 403 is arranged on the supporting seat 409, the hydraulic rod 408 of the hydraulic barrel body 403 is hinged. When the impact head 401 is impacted in front, the impact head 401 pushes the abutting head 404 at the end of the control arm 406, the control arm 406 pushes the hydraulic rod 408 to enable the hydraulic barrel body 403 to be compressed to the brake caliper 21 hydraulically, the brake caliper 21 presses the brake disc 22 to lock the tire brake, in order to lock the control arm 406, the locking rack 407 on the control arm 406 is inverted, the locking rack 407 is clamped on the supporting seat 409 forwards, and the forward position of the control arm 406 needs to be locked manually to release the locking rack 407, so that the control arm 406 retracts.

The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and equivalents including technical features described in the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.