阅读说明：本技术 一种减振器及其设计方法 (Shock absorber and design method thereof ) 是由 孙传宗 贾丽娜 刘博阳 单光坤 马铁强 于 2020-12-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及减振技术领域,具体是一种减振器及其设计方法,所述减振器包括端盖组件和中间部分,所述端盖组件具有固定部和沿固定部的中心轴方向运动设定距离的活动部,所述中间部分设置在固定部与活动部之间,中间部分弹性支撑活动部,且中间部分的额定形变量大于活动部可运动的设定距离；所述端盖组件包括顶部端盖和底部端盖,所述顶部端盖和底部端盖的侧部分别设有相互套接的连接件；本发明的有益效果是：通过将减振器包括的端盖组件和中间部分均设计为金属结构,使得减振器能适用于苛刻外部环境和复杂载荷工况,具有轴向隔振、减振需求的机构性能,可有效减少冲击载荷和随机载荷对安装有减振器的元器件的损伤与破坏。(The invention relates to the technical field of vibration reduction, in particular to a vibration reducer and a design method thereof, wherein the vibration reducer comprises an end cover assembly and a middle part, the end cover assembly is provided with a fixed part and a movable part which moves for a set distance along the central shaft direction of the fixed part, the middle part is arranged between the fixed part and the movable part, the movable part is elastically supported by the middle part, and the rated deformation amount of the middle part is greater than the set distance for the movable part to move; the end cover assembly comprises a top end cover and a bottom end cover, and connecting pieces which are mutually sleeved are respectively arranged on the side parts of the top end cover and the bottom end cover; the invention has the beneficial effects that: the end cover assembly and the middle part of the shock absorber are designed to be of metal structures, so that the shock absorber can be suitable for harsh external environments and complex load working conditions, has the mechanism performance with axial vibration isolation and vibration reduction requirements, and can effectively reduce the damage and destruction of impact loads and random loads to components and parts provided with the shock absorber.)

1. A damper, comprising an end cap assembly having a fixed portion and a movable portion which moves a set distance in a direction of a central axis of the fixed portion, and an intermediate portion provided between the fixed portion and the movable portion, the intermediate portion elastically supporting the movable portion, and a rated deformation amount of the intermediate portion being larger than the set distance in which the movable portion is movable.

2. The shock absorber according to claim 1, wherein the end cap assembly comprises a top end cap and a bottom end cap, wherein the side parts of the top end cap and the bottom end cap are respectively provided with a connecting piece which is sleeved with each other, the connecting piece of the top end cap is provided with a movable part, and the connecting piece of the bottom end cap is provided with a fixed part.

3. The damper according to claim 2, wherein one or more slip fit stops are provided at the junction of said interconnecting members.

4. The damper of claim 3, wherein the retaining member comprises a bolt mounted on the connecting member of the top end cap and a retaining groove formed in the connecting member of the bottom end cap.

5. The damper according to claim 2, wherein the top end cover has a support hole formed in a middle portion thereof with a weak clearance fit with a support sleeve formed in a middle portion thereof for supporting a radial force of the hole and limiting a moving distance of the movable portion in a radial direction thereof.

6. The damper of claim 1, wherein the intermediate portion includes a plurality of spring members mounted in a stacked relationship between the fixed portion and the movable portion, the spring members and the end cap assembly each being formed of a metallic material.

7. A method of designing a shock absorber according to any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:

setting the rated load of the shock absorber, and calculating the rated displacement of the movable part of the end cover component according to the rated load;

setting the maximum displacement of the middle part according to the rated displacement, wherein the maximum displacement is larger than the rated displacement;

checking the strength, rigidity and elastic deformation of the end cover assembly and the middle part;

selecting the material of the end cover assembly, machining the material to manufacture the end cover assembly, and selecting the middle part; the end cap assembly and the intermediate portion are assembled.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein a stop member is provided at a junction between the movable portion and the fixed portion of the end cap assembly, and the stop member is selected before the material of the end cap assembly is selected.

9. The method of designing a shock absorber according to claim 7, wherein said intermediate portion includes a plurality of spring members mounted in a stack between a fixed portion and a movable portion.

10. The method of designing a shock absorber according to claim 9, wherein the material of said spring member is spring steel or alloy spring steel.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of vibration reduction, in particular to a vibration reducer and a design method thereof.

Background

In recent years, a rubber shock absorber is widely applied to various scenes as a shock absorber, and the rubber shock absorber combines the high damping characteristic of a rubber material and the high rigidity characteristic of a metal material, so that the problem that common materials are difficult to meet is solved; the problem of operation reversing noise of the power part can be solved.

The existing vibration damper has high vibration isolation performance and good structural reliability, but the structure of the existing vibration damper has poor adaptability to the external environment; or the structure is complicated, the damper can be suitable for complicated load working conditions, and the damper has damping performance in multiple directions, but the stability and the reliability of the structure are poor.

The vibration absorber is suitable for harsh external environments and complex load working conditions, has a mechanism with axial vibration isolation and vibration reduction requirements, and can effectively reduce the damage and the damage of impact loads and random loads to components.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to a shock absorber and a design method thereof to solve the above problems of the related art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a shock absorber includes an end cap assembly having a fixed portion and a movable portion that moves a set distance in a center axis direction of the fixed portion, and an intermediate portion provided between the fixed portion and the movable portion, the intermediate portion elastically supporting the movable portion, and a rated deformation amount of the intermediate portion being larger than the set distance in which the movable portion is movable.

As a further scheme of the invention: the end cover assembly comprises a top end cover and a bottom end cover, connecting pieces which are mutually sleeved are respectively arranged on the side portions of the top end cover and the bottom end cover, the connecting piece of the top end cover is provided with a movable portion, and the connecting piece of the bottom end cover is provided with a fixed portion.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the joint of the mutually sleeved connecting pieces is provided with one or more limiting pieces in sliding fit.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the locating part comprises a bolt installed on the connecting piece of the top end cover and a locating groove formed in the connecting piece of the bottom end cover.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the middle part of the top end cover is provided with a support hole which is in weak clearance fit with a support sleeve arranged in the middle part of the bottom end cover, and the support sleeve is used for supporting the radial force of the hole and limiting the movement distance of the movable part in the radial direction.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the middle part comprises a plurality of spring pieces which are stacked and arranged between the fixed part and the movable part, and the spring pieces and the end cover assembly are made of metal materials.

As another technical scheme provided by the invention: a method of designing a shock absorber comprising the steps of: setting the rated load of the shock absorber, and calculating the rated displacement of the movable part of the end cover component according to the rated load; setting the maximum displacement of the middle part according to the rated displacement, wherein the maximum displacement is larger than the rated displacement; checking the strength, rigidity and elastic deformation of the end cover assembly and the middle part; selecting the material of the end cover assembly, machining the material to manufacture the end cover assembly, and selecting the middle part; the end cap assembly and the intermediate portion are assembled.

As a further scheme of the invention: the connecting part of the movable part and the fixed part of the end cover assembly is provided with a limiting piece, and the limiting piece is selected before the material of the end cover assembly is selected.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the intermediate portion includes a plurality of spring members mounted in a stacked relationship between the fixed portion and the movable portion.

As a still further scheme of the invention: the spring piece is made of spring steel or alloy spring steel.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the end cover assembly and the middle part of the shock absorber are designed to be of metal structures, so that the shock absorber can be suitable for harsh external environments and complex load working conditions, has the mechanism performance with axial vibration isolation and vibration reduction requirements, and can effectively reduce the damage and destruction of impact loads and random loads to components and parts provided with the shock absorber.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a sectional view schematically showing a shock absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a shock absorber according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a top end cap according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a side view of a top end cap according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along the direction a-a in fig. 4.

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom end cap in an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 is a top view of a bottom end cap in an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 8 is a side view of a bottom end cap in an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the direction B-B in fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a disc spring according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 11 is a load-displacement graph of a shock absorber in an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 12 is a graph of stiffness versus displacement for a shock absorber in an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a stress-displacement graph of a disc spring in an embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings: 1. a top end cap; 101. an outer connecting sleeve; 102. a threaded hole; 103. a support hole; 2. a disc spring; 3. a bolt; 4. a bottom end cap; 401. an inner connecting sleeve; 402. a limiting groove; 403. and a support sleeve.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to the exemplary embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the exemplary embodiments below are not intended to represent all implementations consistent with the present disclosure. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the present disclosure, as detailed in the appended claims.

Referring to fig. 1 to 10, in an embodiment of the present invention, a damper includes an end cap assembly and an intermediate portion, the end cap assembly has a fixed portion and a movable portion that moves a set distance in a central axis direction of the fixed portion, the intermediate portion is disposed between the fixed portion and the movable portion, the intermediate portion elastically supports the movable portion, and a rated deformation amount of the intermediate portion is greater than the set distance in which the movable portion moves.

The end cover assembly comprises a top end cover 1 and a bottom end cover 4, the side parts of the top end cover 1 and the bottom end cover 4 are respectively provided with a connecting piece which is sleeved with each other, namely an outer connecting sleeve 101 and an inner connecting sleeve 401, and the outer connecting sleeve 101, the top end cover 1, the inner connecting sleeve 401 and the bottom end cover 4 are formed by welding; the connecting piece of the top end cover is provided with a movable part, and the connecting piece of the bottom end cover is provided with a fixed part.

The joint of the mutually sleeved connecting pieces is provided with one or more limiting pieces in sliding fit. Specifically, the limiting parts are provided with four circumferentially distributed limiting parts.

The limiting member comprises a bolt 3 installed on the connecting member of the top end cover and a limiting groove 402 provided with a threaded hole 102 on the connecting member of the bottom end cover.

The middle part of the top end cover 1 is provided with a support hole 102 which is in weak clearance fit with a support sleeve 403 arranged at the middle part of the bottom end cover 4, and the support sleeve 403 is used for supporting the radial force of the hole 103 and limiting the movement distance of the movable part in the radial direction.

The middle part comprises a plurality of spring pieces which are stacked and arranged between the fixing part and the movable part, the spring pieces and the end cover assembly are made of metal materials, the spring pieces can be disc springs 2, and the plurality of disc springs are stacked and arranged between the top end cover 1 and the bottom end cover 4 and are positioned in a gap between the support hole 103 and the inner connecting sleeve 401.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, in another embodiment of the present invention, a method for designing a shock absorber includes the following steps: setting the rated load of the shock absorber, and calculating the rated displacement of the movable part of the end cover component according to the rated load; setting the maximum displacement of the middle part according to the rated displacement, wherein the maximum displacement is larger than the rated displacement; checking the strength, rigidity and elastic deformation of the end cover assembly and the middle part; selecting the material of the end cover assembly, machining the material to manufacture the end cover assembly, and selecting the middle part; the end cap assembly and the intermediate portion are assembled.

As shown in fig. 3-9, the end cap assembly includes a top end cap 1 and a bottom end cap 4, the side portions of the top end cap 1 and the bottom end cap 4 are respectively provided with a connecting member, which is an outer connecting sleeve 101 and an inner connecting sleeve 401, that are sleeved with each other, and the outer connecting sleeve 101 is formed by welding with the top end cap 1, the inner connecting sleeve 401 and the bottom end cap 4; the connecting piece of the top end cover is provided with a movable part, and the connecting piece of the bottom end cover is provided with a fixed part; a limiting piece is arranged at the joint of the movable part and the fixed part of the end cover component,

specifically, the limiting member comprises a bolt 3 arranged on the connecting member of the top end cover and a limiting groove 402 provided with a threaded hole 102 on the connecting member of the bottom end cover;

before the material of the end cover assembly is selected, the type of the limiting piece is selected.

As shown in fig. 10, the middle portion includes a plurality of spring members stacked between the fixed portion and the movable portion, the spring members may be disc springs 2, and the material of the disc springs 2 is spring steel or alloy spring steel.

The design process comprises the following steps: all the parts are all metal structures and are processed, assembled and molded by raw materials. The method is suitable for the temperature environment of-50-60 ℃ and the complex alternating/random load working condition;

the rated load of the shock absorber is represented by performance parameters, and the main performance parameters are as follows:

TABLE 1 Main Performance parameters of shock absorber

Categories	Numerical value	Remarks for note
			Equivalent stiffness of mass	12.94	kN/mm
Design stroke	3.20	mm
			Residual stroke	1.42	mm
Pretightening force of bolt	24.00	kN
			Bolt pre-tightening torque	72.00	Kn*mm

As shown in fig. 11 and 12, the displacement of the shock absorber is within the designed range, the shock absorber is designed by adopting all-metal, the temperature adaptation range is large, the shock absorber is suitable for harsh external environments and complex load working conditions, and the mechanism with axial vibration isolation and vibration reduction requirements can effectively reduce the damage and destruction of impact loads and random loads to components.

Bolt connection strength check

(1) Axial loading check for tightening bolt

When the vertical decurrent in cabinet body position, the axial tension that the mounting bolt group bore reaches maximum, and the load that single bolt bore can be represented as formula 1:

F₀＝F_p+μ*F_ex

wherein: f₀For total bolt load, F_pFor pre-tightening of the bolt, F_ezThe external load is single bolt; mu is relative rigidity, and 0.97 is taken; xi is the load uneven coefficient, and 1.5 is taken; f is the total load borne by the bolt group and is 2450N; n is the number of bolts, and n is 4; according to the fourth strength theory, the equivalent stress σ satisfies the following formula 2:

wherein: d is the minor diameter of the bolt; [ sigma ]]Allowable stress for the bolt, S_aThe safety factor is. Bringing the parameters into the formulae 1 and 2 to obtain

To obtain

Considering that the deformation of the bolt caused by axial stretching is 7.11E-4mm, the connected piece can not be separated. Therefore, the bolt group meets the requirement of axial tensile strength.

(2) Axial loading check for tightening bolt

When the cabinet body position is the level, the lateral load that bolted connection structure bore reaches maximum, the trouble that slides easily takes place this moment. To avoid slippage of the connected member, the following equation 3 is satisfied

Wherein: k_fIn order to obtain a reliability coefficient, the working condition of the dynamic load is considered to be 6.5; f_AThe bolt group is subjected to the maximum transverse load; f is the friction coefficient of the contact surface, and f is 0.18; m is the number of contact surfaces, and m is 1; each parameter is driven to 3To

And 2.400E4 is more than or equal to 2.211E4

Therefore, the bolt group meets the requirement of the condition of no sliding in the transverse direction.

Disc spring strength check

As shown in fig. 10 and 13, the disc spring stress-displacement curve is obtained by the calculation formula and the graph, under the action of the pre-tightening load, the displacement of the shock absorber is 1.782mm, which is smaller than the designed maximum displacement of the disc spring by 3.2mm, the stress at the OM position is 878.91MPa, and the stresses at the II position and the III position are 971.49MPa and 819.66MPa respectively, which are smaller than the allowable stress of 60Si2MnA or 50CrVA, which is a common material for the disc spring. Therefore, the disc spring for the vibration absorber meets the design requirement;

the calculation formula is as follows:

in the formula, Keq is the stiffness of the belleville spring,

σ_OM，σ_I，σ_II，σ_III，σ_IVstress at key location points of the belleville springs.

The working principle of the invention is as follows: the end cover assembly comprises a top end cover 1 and a bottom end cover 4, a shock absorber comprising a middle part, the top end cover 1 and the bottom end cover 4 is arranged between a component and an installation base surface, the external pressure on the top end cover 1 or the bottom end cover 4 is used for reducing the shock absorption through the middle part between the top end cover 1 and the bottom end cover 4, and then the stress transmitted to the component by the top end cover 1 or the bottom end cover 4 is reduced, so that the shock absorption effect is achieved.

Other embodiments of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the disclosure herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the disclosure following, in general, the principles of the disclosure and including such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice within the art to which the disclosure pertains. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the disclosure being indicated by the following claims.

It will be understood that the present disclosure is not limited to the precise arrangements described above and shown in the drawings and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof. The scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims.