阅读说明：本技术 一种小型化茶壶形超宽带天线 (Miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna ) 是由 南敬昌 赵久阳 高明明 于 2020-12-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种频率范围为3.0～28.7GHz的小型化茶壶形超宽带天线,包括介质基板、辐射贴片、微带馈线和截短形接地板。辐射贴片采用圆形结构加载矩形枝节和L形枝节结构；微带馈线采用阶梯型结构,接地板采用三角形切角结构,即分别在接地板的左上角和右上角进行三角形切角。本发明采用圆形结构加载矩形枝节和L形枝节的结构作为辐射贴片,圆形结构实现基本的宽带性能,矩形枝节扩展高频范围,L形枝节扩展低频范围,三种结构结合在一起,扩展了超宽带天线的带宽；微带馈线采用阶梯型结构,用于阻抗匹配；切角的接地板结构使得回波损耗曲线变得更平滑,辐射更稳定；本发明的天线具有频带范围宽、结构简单、辐射特性好、抗干扰能力强的优点。(The invention discloses a miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna with a frequency range of 3.0-28.7 GHz, which comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a microstrip feeder line and a truncated grounding plate. The radiation patch adopts a round structure to load a rectangular branch structure and an L-shaped branch structure; the microstrip feeder line adopts a step-type structure, and the ground plate adopts a triangular corner-cutting structure, namely, triangular corner cutting is respectively carried out on the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the ground plate. The invention adopts a structure that a round structure loads a rectangular branch and an L-shaped branch as a radiation patch, the round structure realizes basic broadband performance, the rectangular branch expands a high-frequency range, the L-shaped branch expands a low-frequency range, and the three structures are combined together, so that the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna is expanded; the microstrip feeder line adopts a step-shaped structure and is used for impedance matching; the ground plate structure with the cut angle enables a return loss curve to be smoother and radiation to be more stable; the antenna has the advantages of wide frequency band range, simple structure, good radiation characteristic and strong anti-interference capability.)

1. A miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna comprises a dielectric substrate (10), a radiation patch (20), a microstrip feeder line (30) and a truncated ground plate (40), and is characterized in that:

the radiation patch (20) and the microstrip feeder line (30) are printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate (10), and the truncated ground plate (40) is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate (10);

the radiation patch (20) adopts a circular patch structure (24), and a first rectangular branch (21) is added at the upper left corner of the circular patch structure (24), and an L-shaped branch structure consisting of a second rectangular branch (22) and a third rectangular branch (23) is added at the upper right corner;

the microstrip feeder line (30) is a ladder-shaped structure formed by a first rectangular structure (31) and a second rectangular structure (32), and the microstrip feeder line (30) is connected with the bottom of the radiation patch (20);

and triangular structures (41) are respectively cut at the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the grounding plate (40).

2. The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the radius of the circular patch structure (24) is 7.5 mm.

3. The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal length of the first rectangular branch (21) is 2.5mm, and the vertical length of the first rectangular branch is 10 mm.

4. The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal length of the second rectangular branch (22) is 6mm, and the vertical length of the second rectangular branch is 3 mm.

5. The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal length of the third rectangular branch (23) is 1mm, and the vertical length of the third rectangular branch is 9.9 mm.

6. The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the microstrip feeder line (30) is a microstrip feeder line with characteristic impedance of 50 omega, the horizontal length of the first rectangular structure (31) is 2mm, the vertical length of the first rectangular structure is 4mm, and the first rectangular structure is symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate (10) in the horizontal direction; the horizontal length of the second rectangular structure (32) is 3.5mm, the vertical length of the second rectangular structure is 4.9mm, and the horizontal direction is symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate (10).

7. The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal length of the truncated grounding plate (40) is 27mm, the vertical length of the truncated grounding plate is 7.6mm, the horizontal side length of the triangular structures (41) is 6mm, the vertical side length of the triangular structures (41) is 5.2mm, and the two triangular structures (41) are symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate (10).

8. The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of any of claims 1 to 7, wherein: the thickness of the dielectric substrate (10) is 1.6mm, and the length and the width of the dielectric substrate (10) are respectively 27mm and 27 mm.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, and particularly relates to a miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna.

Background

With the rapid development of data communication technology, low-cost wireless systems have become the first choice. Since 2002, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) divides the 3.1-10.6 GHz ultra-wideband frequency band into the field of civil communications, the ultra-wideband technology has attracted more important attention in the academic and business fields, and especially in short-distance communications, ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless systems are often used for short-distance communications, remote sensing, and the like because of their advantages of low power consumption, good security, simple antenna structure, high data transmission rate, simple system design, low cost, and the like. Planar antennas, particularly monopole antennas, have received much attention due to their advantages of wide frequency band, small size, high data transmission rate, and easy integration with rf circuits. Generally, a planar microstrip antenna is attached to a thin dielectric substrate, a thin metal layer is attached to one surface of the planar microstrip antenna to serve as a ground plane, and the other surface of the planar microstrip antenna is fabricated into a metal patch with a certain shape by a method such as photoetching and corrosion. Although microstrip patch antennas have many characteristics, there are some disadvantages, such as: the microstrip patch antenna with narrow band or limited bandwidth is not suitable for the requirement of modern wireless communication.

At present, in order to improve the bandwidth of a planar microstrip patch antenna, the most adopted method is an antenna structure slotting method, and the method has the advantages of simple structure, small influence on impedance matching in a working frequency band, no increase in antenna size and the like. However, the working frequency band of most of the current UWB antenna designs at home and abroad is usually limited to 3-10 GHz, the size is large, and few antennas with the characteristics of large bandwidth and small size exist. For example, references "HASCAN M N, CHU S, BASHIR S. A DGS monobore antenna loaded with U shape stub for UWB MIMO applications [ J ]. Microwave and optical technology letters,2019,61(9): 2141-. The documents "PERAMA, REDDY A S R, PRASAD M N G. minor structured single layer band (UWB) patch antenna using a partial ground plane [ J ]. Wireless personal communications,2019,106(3):1275 1291." use a fork-shaped radiation patch, FR4 medium substrate, antenna size is 30mm × 30mm × 1.6mm, realizing 3.4 to 12GHz UWB characteristics. The two types of antennas can only partially meet the standard of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) that the ultra-wideband range is defined by 3.1-10.6 GHz, and the size of the antennas is relatively large.

The invention has the application number 201911380795.2, and provides an external antenna of an ultra-wideband terminal product, wherein a detachable top cover of the external antenna is convenient for adjusting an upper radiating antenna of a machine, a parasitic radiating antenna and a main radiating antenna can be exposed by adjusting the rotation of a threaded rod, so that the purpose of intelligent opening is achieved, but the working frequency band of the antenna is 700 MHz-6 GHz, and the bandwidth is relatively small; the invention patent of China with the application number of 201810410717.1 provides a miniaturized low-profile ultra-wideband log-periodic monopole array antenna, the ultra-wideband characteristic is realized by utilizing 22 monopoles working at different frequencies, a radiation pattern points to the end-fire direction of the array, a capacitor is introduced into part of the monopoles in a way of loading a flat capacitor at the top end to reduce the profile of an integral unit, a dielectric substrate with high dielectric constant is adopted to realize the miniaturization of a feeder line and an integral structure, the bandwidth of the antenna is 1-10.7 GHz, the antenna completely covers the range defined by the ultra-wideband antenna specified by FCC, but the size of the antenna is 520mm multiplied by 16mm multiplied by 18.4mm, and the size is larger.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the defects of the prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna which is simple in structure, small in size and stable in performance, the working frequency range of the antenna is 3.0-28.7 GHz, the application is very wide, and therefore the requirements of various communication systems are met.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the invention provides a miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna which comprises a dielectric substrate, a radiation patch, a microstrip feeder line and a truncated ground plate, wherein the radiation patch and the microstrip feeder line are printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate, and the truncated ground plate is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate; the radiation patch adopts a circular patch structure, and a first rectangular branch knot is added at the upper left corner of the circular patch structure, and an L-shaped branch knot structure consisting of a second rectangular branch knot and a third rectangular branch knot is added at the upper right corner of the circular patch structure; the microstrip feeder line is a ladder-shaped structure formed by a first rectangular structure and a second rectangular structure, and is connected with the bottom of the radiation patch; and triangular structures are respectively cut at the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the grounding plate.

Therefore, the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna adopts the circular patch, so that the miniaturization of the ultra-wideband antenna is realized; the high-frequency range is expanded by loading rectangular branches on the circular radiation patch, the low-frequency range is expanded by loading L-shaped branches on the circular radiation patch, and the whole frequency range covered by the antenna is expanded by integrating the two structures; through simulation analysis, the antenna provided by the invention has the advantages of miniaturization, simple structure, good radiation characteristic, strong anti-interference capability and the like.

In addition, the circular patch is a radiation unit, a rectangular branch is loaded at the upper left corner of the radiation patch to expand the high-frequency bandwidth of the antenna, and an L-shaped branch structure is loaded at the upper right corner of the radiation patch to increase the surface current path of the antenna and expand the low-frequency bandwidth of the antenna; the feeder line is composed of a step-shaped structure and is used for impedance matching; the truncated ground plate is in a triangular structure, so that the return loss characteristic of the antenna becomes smooth, and the radiation of the antenna is more stable.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, the radius of the circular patch structure is 7.5 mm. The horizontal length of the first rectangular branch is 2.5mm, and the vertical length of the first rectangular branch is 10 mm. The horizontal length of the second rectangular branch is 6mm, and the vertical length is 3 mm. The horizontal length of the third rectangular branch is 1mm, and the vertical length of the third rectangular branch is 9.9 mm.

In an embodiment of the present invention, the microstrip feed line is a microstrip feed line with a characteristic impedance of 50 Ω, the horizontal length of the first rectangular structure is 2mm, the vertical length is 4mm, and the horizontal direction is symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the dielectric substrate; the second rectangular structure has a horizontal length of 3.5mm and a vertical length of 4.9mm, and the horizontal direction is symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate.

Optionally, the truncated ground plate has a horizontal length of 27mm and a vertical length of 7.6mm, the triangular structures have a horizontal side length of 6mm and a vertical side length of 5.2mm, and the two triangular structures are symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the dielectric substrate.

Therefore, by adopting the truncated ground plate structure, the gradual change resonance characteristic can be generated, so that the antenna generates stable transition from one resonance mode to another resonance mode, and the performance of the antenna is further improved.

Optionally, the thickness of the dielectric substrate is 1.6mm, and the length and the width of the dielectric substrate are 27mm and 27mm, respectively.

Therefore, the planar structure is adopted, the size is small, the structure is compact, and the integration with the radio frequency front-end circuit is convenient to realize.

The invention adopts a structure that a round structure loads a rectangular branch and an L-shaped branch as a radiation patch, the round structure realizes basic broadband performance, the rectangular branch expands a high-frequency range, the L-shaped branch expands a low-frequency range, and the three structures are combined together, so that the bandwidth of the ultra-wideband antenna is expanded; the microstrip feeder line adopts a step-shaped structure and is used for impedance matching; the ground plate structure with the cut angle enables a return loss curve to be smoother and radiation to be more stable; the antenna designed by the invention has the advantages of wide frequency band range, small volume, simple structure, good radiation characteristic and strong anti-interference capability, and has higher practical value.

The foregoing description is only an overview of the technical solutions of the present invention, and in order to make the technical means of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention may be implemented in accordance with the content of the description, and in order to make the above and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the following detailed description is given in conjunction with the preferred embodiments, together with the accompanying drawings.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings of the embodiments will be briefly described below.

FIG. 1 is an overall block diagram of a miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front structural view of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a back view of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a return loss curve of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a voltage standing wave ratio plot of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a gain diagram of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 7 is a group delay characteristic of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 8 is a radiation pattern of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency point of 3 GHz;

FIG. 9 is a radiation pattern of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency point of 5 GHz;

fig. 10 is the radiation pattern of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the invention at the frequency point of 10 GHz.

FIG. 11 is a radiation pattern of a miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 15 GHz;

FIG. 12 is a radiation pattern of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 20 GHz;

FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of a miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 25 GHz;

FIG. 14 is a current distribution diagram of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention at a frequency of 3 GHz;

fig. 15 is a current distribution diagram of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the invention at a frequency point of 20 GHz.

Detailed Description

Other aspects, features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, which form a part of this specification, and which illustrate, by way of example, the principles of the invention. In the referenced drawings, the same or similar components in different drawings are denoted by the same reference numerals.

As shown in fig. 1 to 15, the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention comprises a dielectric substrate 10, a radiation patch 20, a microstrip feed line 30 and a truncated ground plate 40, wherein the radiation patch 20 and the microstrip feed line 30 are printed on the front surface of the dielectric substrate 10, and the truncated ground plate 40 is printed on the back surface of the dielectric substrate 10. As shown in fig. 1, the radiation patch 20 adopts a circular patch structure 24, and a first rectangular branch 21 is added to the upper left corner of the circular patch structure 24, and an L-shaped branch structure composed of a second rectangular branch 22 and a third rectangular branch 23 is added to the upper right corner of the circular patch structure 24. In the preferred embodiment of the invention, the basic radiating element is a circular patch, and the radius of the circular patch structure 24 is 7.5 mm. The first rectangular branch 21 has a horizontal length of 2.5mm and a vertical length of 10 mm. The second rectangular branch 22 has a horizontal length of 6mm and a vertical length of 3 mm. The third rectangular branch 23 has a horizontal length of 1mm and a vertical length of 9.9 mm.

The bottom of the radiation patch 20 is connected with a microstrip feeder 30 with characteristic impedance of 50 omega, the ladder-type structure of the microstrip feeder 30 is composed of a first rectangular structure 31 and a second rectangular structure 32, wherein the horizontal length of the first rectangular structure 31 is 2mm, the vertical length is 4mm, and the horizontal direction is symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate 10; the second rectangular structure 32 has a horizontal length of 3.5mm and a vertical length of 4.9mm, and is symmetrical with respect to the central axis of the dielectric substrate 10 in the horizontal direction.

The horizontal length of the truncated grounding plate 40 is 27mm, the vertical length of the truncated grounding plate 40 is 7.6mm, triangular structures 41 are respectively cut at the upper left corner and the upper right corner of the truncated grounding plate 40, the horizontal side length of each triangular structure 41 is 6mm, the vertical side length of each triangular structure 41 is 5.2mm, and the two triangular structures 41 are symmetrical about the central axis of the dielectric substrate 10.

The ultra-wideband antenna in the embodiment is printed on a dielectric substrate 10 made of F4B material with the length, width and thickness of 27mm, 27mm and 1.6mm respectively, the dielectric substrate 10 is made of F4B material, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is 2.2, and the dielectric loss tangent value of the dielectric substrate is 0.001.

In order to further illustrate the good performance of the miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna, the invention is subjected to modeling simulation of radio frequency characteristics by using HFSS (high frequency signal simulator).

Referring to fig. 4, the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention has a bandwidth of 3.0 to 28.7GHz with a return loss less than-10 dB, which completely satisfies the ultra-wideband frequency band range (3.1 to 10.6GHz), and can realize the coverage of partial 4G and 5G commercial frequency bands, WiMax frequency bands, C-band, WLAN frequency bands, X-band, Ku-band, and K-band bands of mobile phone operators.

Referring to fig. 5, the voltage standing wave ratio of the ultra-wideband antenna of the invention in a frequency band of 2.9-29 GHz is less than 2, and the waveform is relatively stable, which embodies the characteristics of very wide bandwidth and good stability of the ultra-wideband antenna of the invention.

Referring to fig. 6, the gain of the ultra-wideband antenna of the present invention is stabilized at about 10dBi in the frequency band of 3 to 28.7GHz, which shows that the antenna size is reduced and good gain and ultra-wideband characteristics are maintained in the whole passband range.

Referring to fig. 7, the group delay characteristic of the ultra-wideband antenna in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and it can be known from the figure that the antenna group delay curve designed by the present invention fluctuates in the range of 0-0.8 ns at low frequency and is stable within 0.2ns at high frequency.

Referring to fig. 8, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna at 3GHz in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 8, an E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", and an H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and exhibits an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.

Referring to fig. 9, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna at 5GHz in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 9, an E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", and an H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and exhibits an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.

Referring to fig. 10, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna at 10GHz in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 10, an E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", and an H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and exhibits an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.

Referring to fig. 11, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna in the embodiment of the present invention at 15GHz is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 11, an E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", and an H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and exhibits an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.

Referring to fig. 12, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna in the embodiment of the present invention at 20GHz is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 12, an E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", and an H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and exhibits omnidirectional radiation characteristics.

Referring to fig. 13, a radiation pattern of the ultra-wideband antenna at 25GHz in the embodiment of the present invention is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 13, an E-plane pattern of the antenna exhibits directional radiation in the shape of a "8", and an H-plane pattern of the antenna is approximately circular, and exhibits an omnidirectional radiation characteristic.

Referring to fig. 14, a current distribution diagram of the ultra-wideband antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 3GHz is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 14, the current of the antenna at the low frequency is mainly concentrated at the L-shaped branch, which conforms to the L-shaped branch mentioned in the design to expand the low frequency bandwidth.

Referring to fig. 15, a current distribution diagram of the ultra-wideband antenna of the embodiment of the present invention at 20GHz is provided, and as can be seen from fig. 15, the current of the antenna at the low frequency is mainly concentrated at the rectangular branch, which conforms to the rectangular branch mentioned in the design to expand the high frequency bandwidth.

The simulation analysis shows that the working bandwidth of the antenna is 3.0-28.7 GHz, the ultra-wideband frequency band range is completely met, and the antenna has basically stable peak gain and omnidirectional radiation characteristics in a passband frequency band, so that the antenna has higher practical value.

The miniaturized teapot-shaped ultra-wideband antenna disclosed by the embodiment has the advantages of being miniaturized, simple in structure, good in radiation characteristic, strong in anti-interference capability, stable in performance and the like, the circular patch structure is adopted as the radiation patch, the miniaturization of the ultra-wideband antenna is realized, the frequency bandwidth is expanded by loading the rectangular branches and the L-shaped branches, and the frequency band coverage of partial 4G and 5G commercial frequency bands, WiMax frequency bands (3.3-3.8 GHz), C frequency bands (4-8 GHz), WLAN frequency bands (2.4-2.4835 GHz and 5.1-5.8 GHz), X frequency bands (8-12 GHz), Ku frequency bands (12-18 GHz) and K frequency bands (18-27 GHz) of a mobile phone operator can be realized. In addition, the truncated ground plate is cut into a triangular structure, so that a return loss curve becomes smooth, and the radiation stability of the antenna is improved. The invention adopts a planarization structure, has small size and compact structure and is convenient to realize the integration with the radio frequency front-end circuit.

While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, other and further embodiments of the invention may be devised without departing from the basic scope thereof, and the scope thereof is determined by the claims that follow.