阅读说明：本技术 高频脉冲静电—超声联合聚结破乳电脱水器 (High-frequency pulse electrostatic-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator ) 是由 孙治谦 孙进慧 王振波 李强 朱丽云 刘兆增 于 2020-12-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种高频脉冲静电—超声联合聚结破乳电脱水器,其脱水效果好、运行电耗减少、破乳剂消耗减少、废水处理成本低,并且运行周期长,包括罐体,所述罐体内安装有布油管、冲砂管和集油管,所述罐体的下壁面上还设置有穿透罐体内外的原油入油管、出水管和冲砂入管,所述罐体的上壁面上设置有穿透罐体内外的原油出油管；所述冲砂管设置于罐体底部,所述布油管设置于罐体下半部且位于所述冲砂管上方,所述集油管设置于罐体顶部,其借助包覆绝缘材料的折板式电极板提升水滴聚结速率,同时利用超声波换能器破坏油水乳状液的界面膜厚度,防止因厚度过大导电性增强致使的电极板间短路现象。(The invention provides a high-frequency pulse static-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator which has the advantages of good dehydration effect, reduced operation power consumption, reduced demulsifier consumption, low wastewater treatment cost and long operation period, and comprises a tank body, wherein an oil distribution pipe, a sand washing pipe and an oil collecting pipe are arranged in the tank body, a crude oil inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a sand washing inlet pipe which penetrate through the inside and the outside of the tank body are also arranged on the lower wall surface of the tank body, and a crude oil outlet pipe which penetrates through the inside and the outside of the tank body is arranged on the upper wall surface of the tank body; the sand washing pipe is arranged at the bottom of the tank body, the oil distribution pipe is arranged at the lower half part of the tank body and is positioned above the sand washing pipe, the oil collection pipe is arranged at the top of the tank body, the coalescence rate of water drops is improved by means of a folded plate type electrode plate coated with an insulating material, and meanwhile, the thickness of an interface film of the oil-water emulsion is damaged by the ultrasonic transducer, so that the phenomenon of short circuit between the electrode plates caused by the fact that the conductivity is enhanced due to overlarge thickness.)

1. The high-frequency pulse static-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator is characterized in that: the oil distribution tank comprises a tank body (3), wherein an oil distribution pipe (12), a sand washing pipe (13) and an oil collection pipe (8) are installed in the tank body (3), a crude oil inlet pipe (14), a water outlet pipe (16) and a sand washing inlet pipe (15) penetrating through the inside and the outside of the tank body are further arranged on the lower wall surface of the tank body (3), and a crude oil outlet pipe (5) penetrating through the inside and the outside of the tank body is arranged on the upper wall surface of the tank body (3); the sand washing pipe (13) is arranged at the bottom of the tank body (3), the oil distribution pipe (12) is arranged at the lower half part of the tank body (3) and is positioned above the sand washing pipe (13), the oil collection pipe (8) is arranged at the top of the tank body (3), the crude oil inlet pipe (14) is communicated with the oil distribution pipe (12), the sand washing inlet pipe (15) is communicated with the sand washing pipe (13), and the crude oil outlet pipe (5) is communicated with the oil collection pipe (8);

an electrode plate assembly and an ultrasonic transducer (11) are arranged between the oil distribution pipe (12) and the oil collection pipe (8), the electrode plate assembly comprises folded plate type electrodes (9) and straight plate type electrodes (10), the folded plate type electrodes (9) and the straight plate type electrodes (10) are horizontally and alternately arranged, and the ultrasonic transducer (11) is located on one side of the electrode plate assembly.

2. The electric dehydrator according to claim 1, further characterized in that the surfaces of the folded plate electrodes (9) and the straight plate electrodes (10) are coated with a layer of hydrophobic insulating material (18).

3. The electric dehydrator according to claim 1 or 2, further characterized in that the ultrasonic transducer (11) is a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer with a generating axis coaxial with the horizontal extension direction of the electrode plate assembly.

4. The electric dehydrator of claim 3, wherein the transducer end of the ultrasonic transducer is flared, square or round opening.

5. The electric dehydrator according to any of claims 1 to 4, further characterized in that the tank (3) is a horizontal tank; the oil collecting pipe (8) is transversely arranged at the top of the tank body, a plurality of oil collecting holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the oil collecting pipe (8), and the oil collecting holes are obliquely arranged towards the upper part; the oil distribution pipe (12) is transversely arranged on the lower half part of the tank body (3), a plurality of oil distribution holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the oil distribution pipe, and the oil distribution holes are inclined downwards.

6. The electric dehydrator according to claim 5, further characterized in that the oil collecting pipe (8) and the oil distributing pipe (12) are arranged in an H-shape in a transverse direction.

7. The electric dehydrator according to claim 5, wherein the sand washing pipe (13) is transversely arranged at the bottom of the tank body (3), and a plurality of sand washing nozzles (17) are extended from the surface of the sand washing pipe to the lower part.

8. The electric dehydrator according to claim 1, wherein the top of the tank (3) is further provided with a pressure gauge port (4), an electrode wiring port (6) and an oil-water interface instrument port (7), the pressure gauge port (4) and the oil-water interface instrument port (7) are used for installing a pressure gauge and an oil-water interface instrument, and the electrode wiring port (6) is used for connecting a line for supplying power to the electrode plate assembly.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of petrochemical equipment and crude oil electric dehydration equipment, and particularly relates to a high-frequency pulse electrostatic-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator.

Background

With the increasing problems and requirements of the crude oil dehydration technology, domestic and foreign scholars propose methods of changing electrode layout, changing power supply form of a dehydration power supply and the like to improve the existing emulsion electric dehydration technology, and only improve the electric dehydration efficiency of the oil emulsion in a mode of reducing water drop fracture and increasing water drop deformation, but various schemes solve the old problems and simultaneously continuously generate new problems.

In immiscible liquid media, coalescence between droplets or between a droplet and its own bulk phase occurs in three stages. A first phase, in which the droplets are close to each other and separated by a film of continuous phase; the liquid film is thinned in the second stage to reduce the interface area; and the liquid films are fused in the third stage, and the liquid drops are merged. Conventional electric dehydrator designs and related research have mostly focused on the third stage to facilitate the coalescence process. However, with deep mining in the middle and later stages of oil field in China, the properties of crude oil are increasingly deteriorated, the difficulty of crude oil dehydration and desalination is increased, the problems of overproof crude oil after dehydration, operation fluctuation, oil carrying in drainage and the like are prominent, more and more students focus on the first stage and the second stage of water drop coalescence at home and abroad, and the influence of factors such as ultrasonic waves on an oil-water interface film is researched, however, in the aspect of design of an electric dehydrator, the electric dehydrator applying related principles is rare.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the efficient electric dehydrator has the advantages that the high-frequency pulse static-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification is utilized, the dehydration effect is good, the operation power consumption is reduced, the consumption of a demulsifying agent is reduced, the wastewater treatment cost is low, and the operation period is long.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the high-frequency pulse static-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator is characterized in that: the oil distribution and sand washing tank comprises a tank body, wherein an oil distribution pipe, a sand washing pipe and an oil collecting pipe are installed in the tank body, a crude oil inlet pipe, a water outlet pipe and a sand washing inlet pipe which penetrate through the inside and the outside of the tank body are also arranged on the lower wall surface of the tank body, and a crude oil outlet pipe which penetrates through the inside and the outside of the tank body is arranged on the upper wall surface of the tank body; the sand washing pipe is arranged at the bottom of the tank body, the oil distribution pipe is arranged at the lower half part of the tank body and is positioned above the sand washing pipe, the oil collection pipe is arranged at the top of the tank body, the crude oil inlet pipe is communicated with the oil distribution pipe, the sand washing inlet pipe is communicated with the sand washing pipe, and the crude oil outlet pipe is communicated with the oil collection pipe;

an electrode plate assembly and an ultrasonic transducer are arranged between the oil distribution pipe and the oil collection pipe, the electrode plate assembly comprises folded plate type electrodes and straight plate type electrodes, the folded plate type electrodes and the straight plate type electrodes are horizontally and alternately arranged, and the ultrasonic transducer is located on one side of the electrode plate assembly.

The oil collecting pipe is transversely arranged at the top of the tank body in an H shape, a plurality of oil collecting holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the oil collecting pipe, and the oil collecting holes are obliquely arranged towards the upper part;

the oil distribution pipe is transversely arranged on the lower half part of the tank body in an H shape, a plurality of oil distribution holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the oil distribution pipe, and the oil distribution holes are obliquely arranged towards the lower part;

the sand washing pipe is transversely arranged at the bottom of the tank body, a plurality of sand washing nozzles are extended downwards from the surface of the sand washing pipe, the sand washing nozzles are used for adopting water flow to impact sediment deposited at the bottom of the tank body, and the sediment and accumulated water are enabled to pass through the water outlet pipe at the bottom of the tank body for discharge.

The ultrasonic transducer is a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer, and the generating axis of the ultrasonic transducer is coaxial with the direction of the electrode plate; the transducer end of the ultrasonic transducer adopts a horn-shaped opening, so that the ultrasonic wave emission range is controlled in the channel of the folded plate type electrode.

The surfaces of the folded plate type electrode and the straight plate type electrode are coated with a layer of hydrophobic insulating material, so that the short circuit of the electrodes can be prevented, the detention of charged water drops is slowed, the occurrence of an electric field collapse is prevented, the charged water drops are also inhibited from being attached to the electrodes, once the water drops are attached to the electrodes, the potential difference is concentrated on the insulating layer, the electric field established on emulsion is weakened, and meanwhile, the oil-water interface film is damaged in cooperation with a series of ultrasonic effects of stirring, collision, aggregation, cavitation, negative pressure and the like of the ultrasonic transducer, so that the short circuit between the electrode plates is further prevented.

According to the high-frequency pulse electrostatic-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator, water drops can move to the periphery by utilizing dielectrophoresis force generated by the folded plate type electrode, the contact of the water drops and the electrode is promoted, charge transfer can occur after the water drops are contacted with the electrode, charged water drops move to the center of a flow channel under the action of an electric field, the electrophoresis speeds are different due to the difference of the charge quantity and the particle size of different water drops, and meanwhile, the water drops generate resonance displacement under the action of ultrasonic waves, so that the collision of the water drops is promoted; when the water drops collide and coalesce, ultrasonic energy generated by the ultrasonic transducer is radiated into the crude oil emulsion to generate a series of ultrasonic effects, such as stirring, collision, aggregation, cavitation, negative pressure and the like, so that an oil-water interface film is damaged, and the short circuit of an electrode plate of the electric dehydrator, caused by the increase of the thickness of the interface film of the oil-water emulsion, the stability and the conductivity, is prevented.

The invention has the advantages that:

1. the folded plate type electrode increases the surface area of the electrode, and the contact charge probability of water drops and the electrode is higher; meanwhile, the folded plate structure is utilized to actively guide, reflect and refract the ultrasonic waves of the ultrasonic transducer between the horizontally distributed electrode plates, so that the ultrasonic waves are transmitted in the horizontal direction, the reflection and refraction of the ultrasonic waves in the whole tank body are avoided, and the secondary emulsification is reduced;

2. the resonance displacement effect generated by ultrasonic waves and the dielectrophoresis force and the electrophoresis force generated by a strong non-uniform electric field are combined to coalesce the fine water drops in the emulsion, so that the coalescing rate of the water drops is effectively improved, and the treatment capacity of the electric dehydrator is increased;

3. the insulating coating material on the surface of the electrode plate and the demulsification effect of the ultrasonic transducer act synergistically to prevent the short circuit phenomenon between the electrode plates.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-frequency pulse electrostatic-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a folded plate type electrode structure of the high-frequency pulse electrostatic-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator;

in the figure: 1. the device comprises a base, 2, a manhole, 3, a tank body, 4, a pressure gauge port, 5, a crude oil outlet pipe, 6, an electrode wiring port, 7, an oil-water interface instrument port, 8, an oil collecting pipe, 9, a folded plate type electrode, 10, a straight plate type electrode, 11, an ultrasonic transducer, 12, an oil distribution pipe, 13, a sand washing pipe, 14, a crude oil inlet pipe, 15, a sand washing inlet pipe, 16, a water outlet pipe, 17, a sand washing nozzle, 18 and a hydrophobic insulating material.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the patent embodiments of the present invention. It is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the patent of the invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments patented herein without any inventive step, are within the scope of the invention.

In the description of the present patent application, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like are used in the orientation or positional relationship indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the present patent application and for simplicity in description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced devices or components must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated in a particular manner, and are not to be considered limiting to the scope of the present patent application.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-frequency pulse static-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator, which comprises a tank body 3, wherein an oil distribution pipe 12, a sand washing pipe 13 and an oil collecting pipe 8 are arranged in the tank body, a crude oil inlet pipe 14, a water outlet pipe 16 and a sand washing inlet pipe 15 penetrating through the inside and the outside of the tank body are also arranged on the lower wall surface of the tank body 3, and a crude oil outlet pipe 5 penetrating through the inside and the outside of the tank body is arranged on the upper wall surface of the tank body 3; the sand washing pipe 13 is arranged at the bottom of the tank body 3, the oil distribution pipe 12 is arranged at the lower half part of the tank body and is positioned above the sand washing pipe 13, the oil collecting pipe 8 is arranged at the top of the tank body 3, the crude oil inlet pipe 14 is communicated with the oil distribution pipe 12, the sand washing inlet pipe 15 is communicated with the sand washing pipe 13, and the crude oil outlet pipe 5 is communicated with the oil collecting pipe 8;

an electrode plate assembly and an ultrasonic transducer 11 are arranged between the oil distribution pipe 12 and the oil collection pipe 8, the electrode plate assembly comprises folded plate type electrodes 9 and straight plate type electrodes 10, the folded plate type electrodes 9 and the straight plate type electrodes 10 are horizontally and alternately arranged, and the ultrasonic transducer 11 is positioned on one side of the electrode plate assembly. The ultrasonic transducer is a piezoelectric ceramic ultrasonic transducer, and the generating axis of the ultrasonic transducer is coaxial with the extending direction of the electrode plate component; the transducer end of the ultrasonic transducer adopts a horn-shaped, square or round opening, so that the ultrasonic wave emission range is controlled in the channel of the folded plate type electrode.

The surfaces of the folded plate type electrode 9 and the straight plate type electrode 10 are both coated with a layer of hydrophobic insulating material 18, as shown in fig. 2, the folded plate type electrode structure schematic diagram of the high-frequency pulse electrostatic-ultrasonic combined coalescence demulsification electric dehydrator is provided, the folded plate type electrode structure schematic diagram can prevent short circuit between electrode plates, slow down retention of charged water drops, prevent electric field collapse, inhibit the charged water drops from attaching to the electrodes, and once the water drops attach to the electrodes, enable potential difference to be concentrated on the insulating layer, weaken the electric field established on emulsion, and simultaneously damage an oil-water interface film by cooperating with a series of ultrasonic effects of stirring, collision, aggregation, cavitation, negative pressure and the like of an ultrasonic transducer, so as to further prevent short circuit between the electrode plates.

In this embodiment, the tank body 3 is a horizontal tank body, the electrode plate assembly includes three layers of straight plate electrodes and two layers of folded plate electrodes, and the folded plate electrodes 9 and the straight plate electrodes 10 are alternately arranged and extend in the horizontal direction.

The oil collecting pipe 8 is transversely arranged at the top of the tank body 3 in an H shape, a plurality of oil collecting holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the oil collecting pipe 8, and the oil collecting holes are obliquely arranged towards the upper part; the oil distribution pipe 12 is transversely arranged at the lower half part of the tank body 3 in an H shape, a plurality of oil distribution holes are uniformly distributed on the surface of the oil distribution pipe, and the oil distribution holes are obliquely arranged towards the lower part; sand washing pipe 13 transversely sets up in jar body 3 bottoms, and its surface is stretched out downwards and is had a plurality of sand washing nozzles 17, sand washing nozzles 17 are used for adopting the silt of 3 bottoms siltation of water impact jar body, impels silt and ponding to pass through the outlet pipe 16 of jar body bottom discharges.

In this embodiment, the top of the tank body 3 is further provided with a pressure gauge port 4, an electrode wiring port 6 and an oil-water interface instrument port 7, the pressure gauge port 4 and the oil-water interface instrument port 7 are used for installing a pressure gauge and an oil-water interface instrument, and the electrode wiring port 6 is used for line access for supplying power to the electrode plate assembly.

The working principle and the working process of the invention are simply introduced as follows: the crude oil containing water to be treated enters the electric dehydrator from the crude oil inlet pipe 14, enters the tank body 3 in the vertical direction through the dispersion and buffer action of the oil distribution pipe 12, flows upwards through the electrode plate assembly, and the ultrasonic transducer 11 radiates ultrasonic energy into the crude oil emulsion to generate a series of ultrasonic effects, such as stirring, collision, aggregation, cavitation, heating, negative pressure and the like, so that the oil-water interface membrane is damaged. Meanwhile, the dielectrophoresis force generated by the uneven electric field between the straight plate type electrode and the folded plate type electrode enables water drops to move to the periphery of the flow channel, the dielectrophoresis speeds of the water drops with different particle sizes are different, the combination of ultrasonic frequencies generates frequency synergistic effect, different ultrasonic frequencies can generate resonance with the water drops with different particle sizes, the collision probability of the water drops is increased, the coalescence of the water drops with different particle sizes is promoted, the surface area is increased due to the shape of the folded plate, the contact charge probability of the water drops and the electrode is higher, the surface of the folded plate is coated with an insulating hydrophobic layer, the electric field collapse caused by the conduction of the electrode by a long water chain can be prevented, the electric charge is inhibited from being attached, meanwhile, the conductivity of an interfacial film of the oil-water emulsion is weakened by the ultrasonic wave of the ultrasonic transducer, water drops move downwards under the action of gravity, the separated oil phase is discharged through a water outlet pipe 16, and is discharged from the crude oil outlet pipe 5 after being collected by an oil collecting pipe 8.

Finally, it should be noted that: the above examples are only intended to illustrate the patented technical solution of the invention and not to limit it; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that: the invention can be modified in the specific embodiments or replaced by equivalents of partial technical features; without departing from the spirit of the present patent claims, it is intended to cover all such modifications as fall within the scope of the claims.