阅读说明：本技术 一种置换通风式被动房 (Replacement ventilation type passive house ) 是由 吴捷 沈景华 陈守恭 彭旭辉 田雨 李东会 田真 韩冬辰 薛朝阳 李晓晗 张洁 于 2021-02-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种置换通风式被动房,包括密封保温房体、送风系统、排风系统、通风热回收系统、环境源热交换系统以及制热制冷系统,送风系统包括与密封保温房体内部连通的新风送出端,新风送出端所在位置低于人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置,排风系统包括与密封保温房体内部连通的浊气接收端,浊气接收端所在位置高于人员聚集区人体口鼻所在位置,制冷制热系统包括对密封保温房体内的空气进行制冷或制热至设定温度的室内制冷制热装置和用于将送风系统所送新风进行制冷制热至低于设定温度的新风制冷制热装置。本发明在被动房中采用下送上排的气流流动方式,且进行低风速送风,有利于室内空气质量置换。(The invention discloses a replacement ventilation type passive house which comprises a sealed heat-insulation house body, an air supply system, an exhaust system, a ventilation heat recovery system, an environment source heat exchange system and a heating and refrigerating system, wherein the air supply system comprises a fresh air sending end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation house body, the position of the fresh air sending end is lower than the position of a human mouth and nose in a personnel gathering area, the exhaust system comprises a foul air receiving end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation house body, the position of the foul air receiving end is higher than the position of the human mouth and nose in the personnel gathering area, and the cooling and heating system comprises an indoor heating device for cooling or heating air in the sealed heat-insulation house body to a set temperature and a fresh air cooling and heating device for cooling and heating the fresh air sent by the air supply system to a temperature lower than the set. The invention adopts the airflow flowing mode of downward feeding and upward discharging in the passive room, and performs low-wind-speed air supply, thereby being beneficial to indoor air quality replacement.)

1. A replacement ventilated passive room comprising:

the system comprises a sealed heat-insulation house body, wherein one or more personnel gathering belts are arranged in the sealed heat-insulation house body;

the air supply system inputs fresh air into the sealed heat-insulation room body and comprises a fresh air sending end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;

the air exhaust system exhausts the air containing the foul air in the sealed heat-insulation room body, and comprises a foul air receiving end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;

the ventilation heat recovery system comprises an air supply conveying device communicated with a fresh air sending end inlet of the air supply system and an air exhaust conveying device communicated with a turbid air receiving end outlet of the air exhaust system, and the air supply conveying device and the air exhaust conveying device exchange heat;

the environment source heat exchange system comprises a fluid conveying device for exchanging heat with the natural environment, an inlet of the fluid conveying device is communicated with a closed internal circulation fluid, and the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air in the sealed heat-preservation room and/or the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air sent into the sealed heat-preservation room;

a refrigeration and heating system;

the air-conditioning system is characterized by comprising an indoor refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating or heating the air in the sealed heat-insulation room to a set temperature and a fresh air refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating and heating fresh air delivered by the air supply system to a temperature lower than the set temperature;

air supply system include with the new trend of the internal portion intercommunication in sealed heat preservation room sends out the end, the new trend send out the end position and is less than the human mouth nose position in personnel's gathering area, exhaust system include with the foul smell receiving terminal of the internal portion intercommunication in sealed heat preservation room, foul smell receiving terminal position is higher than the human mouth nose position in personnel's gathering area.

2. The replacement ventilated passive room of claim 1, wherein the fresh air delivery end is a fabric air distribution duct.

3. The replacement ventilated passive room of claim 1, wherein the ventilation heat exchange system comprises a supply air conveyor and an exhaust air conveyor that exchange heat, the fresh air outlet end being in communication with the supply air conveyor and the foul air outlet end being in communication with the exhaust air conveyor.

4. A displacement ventilated passive room according to claim 1 in which the environment source heat exchange system includes a fluid transport device for exchanging heat with the natural environment.

5. The replacement ventilated passive room of claim 1, wherein the air supply system further comprises an air supply fan for supplying positive air pressure into the sealed insulated room, and the air exhaust system further comprises an air exhaust fan for exhausting negative air pressure out of the sealed insulated room.

6. The replacement ventilated passive room of claim 1, wherein the air supply system further comprises an air filter for filtering aerosols, a disinfection device for sterilization and disinfection, and a dehumidification device for removing moisture.

7. The replacement ventilation type passive house according to claim 1, wherein the sealed heat insulation house body comprises a bottom portion, a wall portion and a top portion, the bottom portion of the sealed heat insulation house body comprises a ground and a ground heat insulation layer arranged outside the ground, the wall portion of the sealed heat insulation house body comprises a wall body and a wall heat insulation layer arranged outside the wall body, and the top portion of the sealed heat insulation house body comprises a roof and a roof heat insulation layer arranged outside the roof.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of house construction, and particularly relates to a replacement ventilation type passive house.

Background

The concept of passive rooms was first proposed in 1988 by professor adamson of delong university, sweden, and doctor fisher, germany, and refers to buildings that maintain a comfortable internal thermal environment by virtue of good thermal insulation and air tightness of their own external enclosure structure without the aid of a conventional air conditioning system. In 1991, damschtatt, germany, built the first "passive house". Then, the Fester Philadels established the "Passive House" institute (PHI) in 1996 in Dammstatet, Germany. In 2015, the german passive research center further perfected the certification standards of passive houses, and the certification standards were classified into three levels, namely "Classic standard (Classic)", "upgrade standard (Plus)", and "advanced standard (Premium)". The German latest 2020 edition 'building energy law' stipulates that nearly zero energy consumption buildings have three requirements: 1) the energy consumption of heating, refrigeration, ventilation, hot water illumination and the like of the building must be lower than 75 percent of that of the legal and defined benchmark building; 2) heat preservation and insulation measures are implemented on the building to reduce the energy consumption loss of heating and refrigeration; 3) a certain proportion of the heating and cooling energy consumption must be provided by renewable energy sources. To date, the world's passive houses have developed over 6 million seats and have developed a rapid trend. Since 2015, individual cities in germany such as hedburg began to legislation to drive passive houses; british law stipulates that 2016 new buildings begin to implement near zero energy consumption buildings; according to the european union directive, new buildings in the whole european union in 2020 must be passive buildings with near zero energy consumption. In china, a first passive house-hamburger home was established in the shanghai in 2010. During the 10 years, passive concepts and technologies have slowly progressed to maturity in our country from exploration. Governments at all levels have also gained increased acceptance for passive low energy buildings. 27 days 2 and 27 months 2015, the design standards for passive low-energy-consumption residential building energy conservation- (DB13(J)/T177-2015) published by houses in Hebei province and urban and rural construction halls are the first passive low-energy-consumption building standard in China. In 2016, 8 and 5 days, passive low-energy-consumption buildings, namely buildings for dwelling in severe cold and cold regions- (16J908-8), approved by Ministry of construction in urban and rural areas is a national standard design drawing set of the first passive low-energy-consumption buildings in China. By 2020, 9 passive low-energy-consumption technical guidelines and 14 design, detection and evaluation criteria are released in the country.

Because the outer protective structure of the passive house has good heat preservation and heat insulation performance and air tightness, the indoor air environment is basically not influenced by the external environment, and the indoor air environment is convenient to manage. The traditional passive room fresh air unit adopts an upper-air-supply lower-discharge or upper-air-supply upper-discharge mode (see fig. 1 and 2), and fresh air is fed at a high speed to promote indoor air to be mixed, so that the indoor temperature is uniform and consistent. The upper-discharge and lower-discharge modes are ventilation modes for diluting indoor air. By feeding fresh air of a certain amount and high wind speed and mixing with the indoor air, dilution ventilation (diluting the indoor air) is formed so as to adjust the indoor temperature and reduce the concentration of pollutants.

The ventilation modes of upper air supply and lower air discharge can cause air turbulence, only indoor foul air can be diluted, and the situation that the foul air and fresh air are mixed and stay indoors cannot be avoided.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a replacement ventilation type passive house which is beneficial to indoor air replacement.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: a replacement ventilated passive room comprising:

the system comprises a sealed heat-insulation house body, wherein one or more personnel gathering belts are arranged in the sealed heat-insulation house body;

the air supply system inputs fresh air into the sealed heat-insulation room body and comprises a fresh air sending end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;

the air exhaust system exhausts the air containing the foul air in the sealed heat-insulation room body, and comprises a foul air receiving end communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body;

the ventilation heat recovery system comprises an air supply conveying device communicated with a fresh air sending end inlet of the air supply system and an air exhaust conveying device communicated with a turbid air receiving end outlet of the air exhaust system, and the air supply conveying device and the air exhaust conveying device exchange heat;

the environment source heat exchange system comprises a fluid conveying device for exchanging heat with the natural environment, an inlet of the fluid conveying device is communicated with a closed internal circulation fluid, and the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air in the sealed heat-preservation room and/or the fluid output by the fluid conveying device exchanges heat with the air sent into the sealed heat-preservation room;

a refrigeration and heating system;

the refrigerating and heating system comprises an indoor refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating or heating the air in the sealed heat-insulating room to a set temperature and a fresh air refrigerating and heating device for refrigerating and heating fresh air sent by the air supply system to a temperature lower than the set temperature;

air supply system include with the new trend of the internal portion intercommunication in sealed heat preservation room sends out the end, the new trend send out the end position and is less than the human mouth nose position in personnel's gathering area, exhaust system include with the foul smell receiving terminal of the internal portion intercommunication in sealed heat preservation room, foul smell receiving terminal position is higher than the human mouth nose position in personnel's gathering area.

Furthermore, the fresh air delivery end is a fiber air distribution pipe.

Furthermore, the ventilation heat exchange system comprises an air supply conveying device and an air exhaust conveying device which are used for carrying out heat exchange, the fresh air supply end is communicated with the air supply conveying device, and the foul air receiving end is communicated with the air exhaust conveying device.

Furthermore, the air supply system also comprises an air supply fan used for sending air positive pressure into the sealed heat-preservation room body, and the air exhaust system also comprises an air exhaust fan used for pumping air negative pressure out of the sealed heat-preservation room body.

Further, the air supply system also comprises an air filter for filtering suspended particles, a sterilizing device for sterilizing and disinfecting and a dehumidifying device for removing moisture.

Further, the sealed heat preservation room body includes bottom, wall and top, the bottom of the sealed heat preservation room body includes ground and locates the ground heat preservation layer in the ground outside, the wall of the sealed heat preservation room body include the wall body and locate the wall body heat preservation layer in the wall body outside, the top of the sealed heat preservation room body includes the roof and locates the roof heat preservation layer in the roof outside.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the replacement ventilation type passive house disclosed by the invention adopts an airflow flowing mode of feeding air downwards and discharging air upwards in the passive house, and supplies air at low wind speed, so that the replacement of indoor air is facilitated.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the prior art of the passive chamber for the upward and upward exhaust;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the prior art passive chamber for exhausting air from top to bottom;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the components of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the airflow of a building according to one embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of airflow in a building according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

Wherein, 10, the insulation house body is sealed; 11. a ground surface; 12. a ground heat-insulating layer; 13. a wall body; 14. a wall heat-insulating layer; 15. a roof; 16. a roof insulation layer; 17. a low thermal conductivity surface; 20. an air supply system; 21. a fresh air delivery end; 22. an air supply fan; 30. an exhaust system; 31. a foul gas receiving end; 32. an exhaust fan; 40. a ventilation heat exchange system; 41. an air supply conveying device; 42. an exhaust air conveying device; 50. an environmental source heat exchange system; 51. a fluid delivery device; 52. enclosing an internal circulation fluid; 61. an indoor refrigerating and heating device; 62. fresh air refrigerating and heating device.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and examples.

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In the present disclosure, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only relational terms determined for convenience in describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present disclosure, and do not refer to any parts or elements of the present disclosure, and are not to be construed as limiting the present disclosure. In the present disclosure, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present disclosure can be determined on a case-by-case basis by persons skilled in the relevant art or technicians, and are not to be construed as limitations of the present disclosure.

The following is a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

Example one

Referring to fig. 3-4, shown in the illustrations thereof, a replacement ventilated passive room comprises:

the system comprises a sealed heat-insulation house body 10, wherein one or more personnel gathering belts are arranged in the sealed heat-insulation house body 10;

the air supply system 20 inputs fresh air into the sealed heat-insulation house body 10, and the air supply system 20 comprises a fresh air sending end 21 communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation house body 10;

the exhaust system 30 is used for exhausting air containing foul air in the sealed heat-insulation room body 10, and the exhaust system 30 comprises a foul air receiving end 31 communicated with the inside of the sealed heat-insulation room body 10;

a ventilation heat recovery system 40, wherein the ventilation heat recovery system 40 comprises an air supply conveying device 41 communicated with the inlet of the fresh air sending end of the air supply system 20 and an air exhaust conveying device 42 communicated with the outlet of the turbid air receiving end of the air exhaust system 30, and the air supply conveying device 41 and the air exhaust conveying device 42 exchange heat; the air supply conveyor 41 and the air discharge conveyor 42 are ducts;

an environment source heat exchange system 50, the environment source heat exchange system includes a fluid conveying device 51 for exchanging heat with the natural environment, the inlet of the fluid conveying device 51 is communicated with a closed internal circulation fluid 52, the fluid output by the fluid conveying device 51 exchanges heat with the air in the sealed heat-insulating room body 10 and/or the fluid output by the fluid conveying device 51 exchanges heat with the air sent into the sealed heat-insulating room body 10, the fluid conveying device 51 is a ground source heat pump, a water source heat pump or an air source heat pump;

the refrigerating and heating system comprises a refrigerating and heating device 61 for refrigerating or heating the air in the sealed heat-insulation room body 10 to a set temperature and a fresh air refrigerating and heating device 62 for refrigerating or heating fresh air sent by the air supply system 20 to a temperature lower than the set temperature;

the position of the fresh air sending end 21 is lower than the position of the mouth and the nose of the person gathering belt, and the position of the foul air receiving end 31 is higher than the position of the mouth and the nose of the person gathering belt.

Among the above-mentioned technical scheme, adopt the air current flow mode of lower air feed row of going up in passive room, and carry out the low wind speed air supply, be favorable to indoor air replacement.

In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the fresh air outlet end 21 is a fiber cloth duct.

In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the ventilation heat exchange system 40 includes a supply air conveyor 41 and a discharge air conveyor 42 that exchange heat, the fresh air supply end 21 communicates with the supply air conveyor 41, and the dirty air receiving end 31 communicates with the discharge air conveyor 42. The air supply conveyor 41 and the air discharge conveyor 42 are ducts.

In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the ambient source heat exchange system 50 includes a fluid transport device 51 for exchanging heat with the natural environment. The fluid conveying device is a ground source heat pump, a water source heat pump or an air source heat pump.

In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the air supply system 20 further includes an air supply fan 22 for supplying positive pressure air into the sealed insulated room 10, and the air exhaust system 30 further includes an air exhaust fan 32 for exhausting negative pressure air out of the sealed insulated room 10. In other embodiments it may also be: the air supply blower is not arranged, and only the exhaust fan is arranged.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air supply system 20 further includes an air filter (not shown) for filtering suspended particles in the fresh air supplied by the air supply system, a sterilizing device (not shown) for sterilizing and disinfecting the fresh air supplied by the air supply system, and a dehumidifying device (not shown) for removing moisture in the fresh air supplied by the air supply system.

In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the sealed insulation house 10 includes a bottom, a wall and a top, the bottom of the sealed insulation house includes a ground 11 and a ground insulation layer 12 disposed outside the ground 11, the wall of the sealed insulation house includes a wall 13 and a wall insulation layer 14 disposed outside the wall 13, and the top of the sealed insulation house includes a roof 15 and a roof insulation layer 16 disposed outside the roof 15.

The indoor heating device 61 is a radiation type cooling and heating device, and the radiation type cooling and heating device is a cold and heat radiation floor or an electric blanket. When the cooling and heating device of the radiant chamber is a cold-heat radiation floor, the outlet of the fluid conveying device 51 is communicated with the coil of the cold-heat radiation floor.

In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of people gathering zones are distributed in the sealed insulation room body 10, one or more fresh air sending ends 21 are arranged below one side of each people gathering zone, one or more fresh air sending ends 21 are arranged between two adjacent people gathering zones, one or more foul air receiving ends 31 are arranged above or right above the other side of each people gathering zone, the sealed insulation room body 10 is divided into a first vertical cylindrical space and a second vertical cylindrical space which are sequentially and alternately arranged along the horizontal direction, the people gathering zones are arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space, the fresh air sending ends are arranged in the second vertical cylindrical space, and the foul air receiving ends are arranged in the first vertical cylindrical space or the second vertical cylindrical space. In other embodiments it may also be: a person gathering zone is distributed in the sealed heat-insulation house body, the fresh air sending end is arranged on the ground or the corner or the lower end of the wall of the sealed heat-insulation house body, and the foul air receiving end is arranged on the top wall or the upper end of the wall of the sealed heat-insulation house body.

In a preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the set temperature is an indoor temperature, the set temperature is 20 ℃ to 26 ℃, and the temperature of the fresh air sent by the fresh air sending end 21 is lower than the set temperature by no more than 3 ℃. In other embodiments it may also be: the temperature is set to other temperatures as long as the temperature is appropriate.

In the preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, the fresh air outlet end 21 is a fiber cloth duct. In other embodiments it may also be: the fresh air outlet end adopts a diffuser and the like.

In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the upper surface of the indoor space of the sealed thermal insulation house 10 is the low thermal conductivity surface 17, and the thermal conductivity of the low thermal conductivity surface 17 is less than or equal to 0.1W/(mK). In other embodiments it may also be: the upper surface of the indoor space and the upper section of the side surface of the sealed heat-insulation house body are both low heat-conducting surfaces.

In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the low thermal conductive surface 17 is a surface of a low thermal conductive material coating, and the low thermal conductive material coating is a polyphenyl granule thermal insulation mortar or an aerogel thermal insulation material or an inorganic fiber spraying thermal insulation material. In other embodiments it may also be: the low thermal conductivity surface is the surface of the plate body made of low thermal conductivity material. The low heat conduction material plate body is a cork plate or a heat preservation gypsum plate or a glass fiber plate. In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, a plurality of people gathering belts are distributed in the sealed insulation room body 10, the fresh air outlet end 21 is arranged at the bottom of the sealed insulation room body 10, and the foul air receiving end 31 is arranged at the top of the sealed insulation room body 10. In other embodiments it may also be: when the personnel gather the area, the new trend is sent out the end and is located the ground or corner or the wall lower extreme of the sealed heat preservation room body, the foul smell receiving terminal is located the roof or the wall upper end of the sealed heat preservation room body.

In an embodiment, the passive building is one of an ultra-low energy consumption building, a near-zero energy consumption building, a zero carbon building, a carbon neutral building, and an energy production building based on the passive building technology.

In the preferred embodiment of this embodiment, the air fed into the sealed thermal insulation house 10 is first distributed uniformly at the lower part, then flows upwards, meets the heat source, is heated, flows upwards slowly, and is pumped out of the sealed thermal insulation house 10 at the upper part. In the big office/room, in order to avoid spreading in the room at hot dirty gas, select to arrange the new trend from the bottom between the personnel gather the area and send out the end, the new trend send out the end and evenly send out the cold wind that speed is less than 0.2m/s, the new trend is to both sides diffusion, do not let the hot dirty gas diffusion of one side to the opposite side, through floor heat radiation, and the heat that indoor human heat source provided, cold wind slowly rises to rise in the temperature, reach the ceiling top region with the indoor hot dirty together, thereupon, the ceiling top region between different human bodies is outdoor discharge, there is no gaseous pollution almost in the workspace, avoid indoor cross infection, improve indoor environmental health. Meanwhile, the utilization rate of fresh air can be improved, the fresh air demand can be reduced, and therefore energy consumption can be reduced. The method can adopt replacement ventilation (namely the weather of condensation in the room in the natural state in the south China, also called yellow plum day or return south day) in winter, summer and plum rain in the room, so that fresh air is fed into the room and hot and dirty air in the room cannot be mixed to form laminar flow, the hot and dirty air in the room rises to a ceiling area and is discharged out of the room, and indoor cross infection is avoided. In the cooling period in summer, fresh air is fed at a low speed from the indoor bottom after being refrigerated (the temperature of the fresh air is lower than the room temperature by within 3 ℃), and the fresh air is slowly dispersed at the indoor bottom and is heated and slowly ascends when meeting an indoor human body heat source. In the winter heating period, outdoor fresh air is only filtered and is directly and slowly fed into a heat exchanger (the temperature of the fresh air is lower than the room temperature by within 3 ℃) at the indoor bottom at low wind speed, a cold air lake is formed near the bottom, and the cold air is uniformly heated and slowly rises by adding heat radiation of a floor to form laminar flow. The hot foul smell exhaled by the person rises along with the rising of the hot foul smell, and is exhausted out of the room from the upper part of the room. The purpose of adding the heat preservation coating on the ceiling surface is that after the hot foul gas contacts the ceiling, the hot foul gas can not be cooled rapidly and then sinks to be mixed with other air, the detention time of the hot foul gas in the room is reduced, and the indoor cross infection is avoided. By using the replacement ventilation, the foul air is not diffused transversely in the bottom area of the room and is directly brought to the non-personnel staying area at the upper part of the room by the ascending air flow, so that a comfortable and healthy environment is created for the working area. For the season with moderate outdoor temperature in spring and autumn, the window opening natural ventilation is recommended, and the method is the best method for avoiding indoor cross infection.

Example two

Referring to fig. 5, as shown in the figure, the rest of the embodiments are the same as the first embodiment, except that a heat source strip-shaped gathering area is distributed in the sealed heat-preservation room, the fresh air sending end is arranged on the ground or the corner or the lower end of the wall of the sealed heat-preservation room, and the foul air receiving end is arranged on the top wall or the upper end of the wall of the sealed heat-preservation room.

In the embodiment, in an office/room with small volume, cold air with the speed less than 0.2m/s is sent downwards from the bottom of one side in the room, and is heated and ascended slowly through the heat radiation of the bottom and the heat provided by the indoor human body heat source, and the cold air and the heat dirt generated in the room reach the top area of the ceiling together, and then are discharged out of the room above the other side. Almost no pollution gas exists in a working area, indoor cross infection is avoided, indoor environment health is improved, the requirement of fresh air volume can be effectively reduced, and energy consumption is reduced.

The buildings in the first and second embodiments realize indoor airflow control and timely discharge of foul air by regulating and controlling various factors affecting indoor air temperature, wind direction, wind speed and the like, namely regulating and controlling factors affecting airflow, particularly foul air paths, so as to avoid cross infection. The specific technical measures are as follows:

1. the influence and the interference of the external environment on the indoor environment are eliminated, and a high-airtightness high-heat-preservation and mechanical ventilation (fresh air) system which meets the technical requirements of buildings is adopted. Common buildings are susceptible to external environments:

firstly, air leakage can be generated in buildings with poor air tightness, so that indoor air is mixed;

the external door and window with good heat preservation and insulation effects is not used, the surface temperature of the door and window is low, so that nearby air flows downwards, and indoor air easily flows circularly;

thirdly, when no mechanical ventilation exists, the window opening can influence the airflow and the temperature;

and fourthly, the influence of the whole temperature difference of the room on the airflow.

2. The method avoids the problem that the temperature of the adjacent foul air is reduced to cause the foul air to sink due to the heat dissipation of the ceiling surface and the upper wall surface, avoids the foul air from being self-locked in the middle layer and being incapable of being discharged, and adopts low-heat-conductivity surface materials or coatings.

3. The lower part of the air conditioner slowly sends cold air (fresh air slightly lower than room temperature) passing through the heat exchanger at the air speed not more than 0.2m/s, and the ground radiation heating is used for replacing the hot air supply in winter, so as to avoid turbulence and form an indoor 'cold air lake'. In summer, the ground radiation refrigeration is used for ensuring comfortable room temperature, and the fresh air refrigeration is used for providing fresh air slightly lower than the room temperature, so that the turbulence is avoided, and a cold lake is formed.

4. The natural law of cold air sinking and hot air rising is followed, and the lower cold air (fresh air) supply and the upper exhaust are adopted.

Firstly, only fresh air is refrigerated under the working condition that cross infection needs to be avoided, and circulating air is not used;

secondly, under the working condition that cross infection needs to be avoided, the temperature is kept slightly lower than the room temperature and acceptable all the year round, and the temperature difference does not exceed 3 ℃.

5. In winter, the floor is heated in a large area at low temperature, so that the indoor airflow is prevented from being interfered by a concentrated heat source (such as a radiator) or unbalanced heating (such as heating on one side of a wall). Meanwhile, the overlarge indoor vertical temperature gradient can be avoided;

6. the method implements gridding distributed control on the airflow in the open large space, follows the airflow path of 'fresh air-human body-foul air-discharge', and avoids the airflow trend of 'human body-foul air-human body':

the air return inlet (air outlet) is as close to the foul air source as possible, and the short circuit between the air supply end and the air exhaust end is avoided though the air return inlet (air outlet) is exhausted through the shortest path.

Secondly, a return air inlet is established right above the intensive people flow, the airflow direction is as vertical and upward as possible (the return air and the fresh air form a vertical direction to form vertical airflow control), and in a word, the principle is as follows: avoid the transmission of turbid qi, and discharge the turbid qi as soon as possible according to the principle II.

The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention, including any reference to the above-mentioned embodiments. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.