Aqueous coating composition
阅读说明：本技术 水性涂料组合物 (Aqueous coating composition ) 是由 沈澄 李岩 季静 于 2018-10-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：一种水性涂料组合物,所述水性涂料组合物包括由式I表示的聚结剂：R～1-O-(A)-n-R～2,其中R～1为氢、C-1-C-(12)直链脂肪族或C-1-C-(12)支链脂肪族,A为环氧烷,R～2为氢基、C-1-C-4直链脂肪族基团或支链脂肪族基团、C-1-C-4直链或支链羰基、或苄基,并且n的平均值为3至25。(An aqueous coating composition comprising a coalescent agent represented by formula I: r 1 ‑O‑(A) n ‑R 2 Wherein R is 1 Is hydrogen, C 1 ‑C 12 Straight-chain aliphatic or C 1 ‑C 12 Branched aliphatic, A is an alkylene oxide, R 2 Is hydrogen radical, C 1 ‑C 4 Linear or branched aliphatic radical, C 1 ‑C 4 A linear or branched carbonyl group, or a benzyl group, and n has an average value of 3 to 25.)
1. An aqueous coating composition comprising:
a binder;
a coalescing agent represented by formula I: r1-O-(A)n-R2Wherein R is1Is hydrogen, C1-C12Straight-chain aliphatic or C1-C12Branched aliphatic, A is an alkylene oxide, R2Is hydrogen radical, C1-C4Linear or branched aliphatic radical, C1-C4A linear or branched carbonyl group, or a benzyl group, and n has an average value of 3 to 25; and
and (3) water.
2. The aqueous coating composition of claim 1, wherein a is a homopolymer comprising monomeric structural units derived from propylene oxide or butylene oxide.
3. The aqueous coating composition of claim 1, wherein a is a copolymer comprising monomeric structural units derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide.
4. An aqueous coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the number average molecular weight of the coalescent agent is from 300 to 1800 g/mol.
5. The aqueous coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the aqueous coating composition comprises 5 to 65 wt.% binder solids, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
6. The aqueous coating composition of claim 5, wherein the aqueous coating composition comprises 0.5 to 15 weight percent of the coalescing agent represented by formula I, based on the total weight of the coalescing agent and the binder solids.
7. The aqueous coating composition of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising a freeze-thaw stabilizer, wherein the freeze-thaw stabilizer is 0.1 to 15 wt% of the aqueous coating composition based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
8. A coating layer formed with the aqueous coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 7.
Technical Field
Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to aqueous coating compositions, more specifically, embodiments relate to aqueous coating compositions including a coalescent represented by formula I: r1-O-(A)n-R2Wherein R is1Is hydrogen, C1-C12Straight-chain aliphatic or C1-C12Branched aliphatic, A is an alkylene oxide, R2Is hydrogen radical, C1-C4Linear or branched aliphatic radical, C1-C4A linear or branched carbonyl group, or a benzyl group,and n has an average value of 3 to 25.
Background
These coatings are useful in a number of applications, including different coating applications, such as architectural coating applications, industrial coating applications, automotive coating applications, outdoor furniture coating applications, and the like. The continued search for high performance coatings with low VOC (volatile organic compounds) and/or low odor characteristics continues to drive the development of new coating formulations.
Disclosure of Invention
The present disclosure provides an aqueous coating composition comprising a coalescent represented by formula I: r1-O-(A)n-R2Wherein R is1Is hydrogen, C1-C12Straight-chain aliphatic or C1-C12Branched aliphatic, A is an alkylene oxide, R2Is hydrogen radical, C1-C4Linear or branched aliphatic radical, C1-C4A linear or branched carbonyl group, or a benzyl group, and n has an average value of 3 to 25.
The present disclosure provides coatings formed with the aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein.
The above summary of the present disclosure is not intended to describe each disclosed embodiment or every implementation of the present disclosure. The following description more particularly exemplifies illustrative embodiments. Throughout this application, guidance is provided through lists of examples, which examples can be used in various combinations. In each case, the enumerated lists serve only as representative groups and should not be construed as exclusive lists.
Detailed Description
Disclosed herein are aqueous coating compositions. Embodiments of the present disclosure provide aqueous coating compositions including a coalescent agent represented by formula I: r1-O-(A)n-R2Wherein R is1Is hydrogen, C1-C12Straight-chain aliphatic or C1-C12Branched aliphatic, A is an alkylene oxide, R2Is hydrogen radical, C1-C4Linear or branched aliphatic radical, C1-C4A linear or branched carbonyl group, or a benzyl group, and n has an average value of 3 to 25。
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein can have one or more properties that are desirable for various applications. For example, the aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein can have an improved (i.e., reduced) minimum film-forming temperature compared to other compositions. The Minimum Film Forming Temperature (MFFT) is the lowest temperature at which the composition uniformly condenses when placed as a thin film on a substrate. For many applications, it is desirable for the composition to have a reduced minimum film forming temperature. Compositions having a reduced minimum film-forming temperature may advantageously cure under certain conditions, e.g., at a lower temperature, than compositions having a relatively higher minimum film-forming temperature.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may have improved heat storage stability compared to other compositions. The heat storage stability can be demonstrated by: change in viscosity after storage of the composition at elevated temperatures, e.g., greater than 20 ℃, for a period of time. In other words, the aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may have improved, i.e., relatively less viscosity change, heat storage stability, as compared to other compositions. Improved heat storage stability is desirable for many applications.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may have improved freeze-thaw stability compared to other compositions. Freeze-thaw stability may be demonstrated by relatively small changes in viscosity after multiple freeze and thaw cycles. In other words, the aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may have improved, i.e., relatively less viscosity change, freeze thaw stability, as compared to other compositions. Improved freeze-thaw stability is desirable for many applications.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein include a binder. The binder may help to bind one or more components of the aqueous coating composition together and/or to the substrate. The adhesive may comprise one or more acrylic copolymers, polyurethanes, vinyl acetate copolymers, polyureas, waxes, casein, egg whites, gum arabic, linseed oil, shellac, starch glue, gelatin, dextrin, polyesters, or combinations thereof. As used herein, "acrylic acid" includes (meth) acrylic acid, (meth) alkyl acrylates, (meth) acrylamides, (meth) acrylonitrile, and modified forms thereof, such as (meth) hydroxyalkyl acrylates.
The binder may comprise monomeric structural units derived from one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Examples of ethylenically unsaturated monomers include, but are not limited to, (meth) acrylate monomers such as methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, nonyl acrylate, decyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, nonyl methacrylate, isodecyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, and hydroxypropyl methacrylate; (meth) acrylonitrile; styrene and substituted styrenes; butadiene; ethylene, propylene, 1-decene; vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl versatate and other vinyl esters; vinyl monomers such as vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride; and combinations thereof.
The ethylenically unsaturated monomer may contain a functional group. Examples of functional groups include, but are not limited to: carbonyl, acetoacetate, alkoxysilane, carboxyl, ureido, amide, imide, amino, and combinations thereof. Various functional groups and various concentrations of functional groups can be used for different applications.
The binder may comprise a chain transfer agent. Examples of chain transfer agents include, but are not limited to, 3-mercaptopropionic acid, dodecyl mercaptan, methyl 3-mercaptopropionate, thiophenol, nonane dialkyl mercaptan, and combinations thereof. Various chain transfer agents and various concentrations of chain transfer agent may be used for different applications.
One or more embodiments provide that the binder may be in the form of a dispersion or emulsion, which is referred to herein as a "binder emulsion. The solids content of the binder emulsion, e.g., binder, can be 30 to 75 weight percent based on the total weight of the binder emulsion. All individual values and subranges from 30 to 75 weight percent are included; for example, the adhesive emulsion can have a solids content from a lower limit of 30, 34, or 40 weight percent to an upper limit of 75, 65, or 60 weight percent, based on the total weight of the adhesive emulsion.
The binder, e.g., binder emulsion, can be formed using known equipment, reaction components, and reaction conditions. For example, the binder may be formed by emulsion polymerization.
Adhesives, such as adhesive emulsions, are commercially available. Examples of commercial adhesives include, but are not limited to, PRIMALTME.g. PRIMLTMAC-268 and PRIMLTMAC-261 is commercially available from The Dow Chemical Company; under the trade name ROSHIELDTME.g. ROSHIELDTM3311 and ROSHIELDTMEP-6060 those commercially available from the Dow chemical company; under the trade name MAINCOTETME.g. MAINCOTETM1100A those commercially available from the dow chemical company; those commercially available from Bayer (Bayer) under the trade name BAYHYDROL, such as BAYHYDROL XP-2557, BAYHYDROL XP-2606, and BAYHYDROL XP-2427, and combinations thereof, as well as other commercially available adhesives.
The aqueous coating composition may include 5 to 65 wt% binder solids based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 5 to 65 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition may include a lower limit of 5, 10, or 15 wt% to an upper limit of 65, 60, or 50 wt% binder solids, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
As mentioned, the aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein include a coalescent agent represented by formula I: r1-O-(A)n-R2Wherein R is1Is hydrogen, C1-C12Straight-chain aliphatic or C1-C4Branched aliphatic, A is an alkylene oxide, R2Is hydrogen radical, C1-C4Linear or branched aliphatic radical, C1-C4A linear or branched carbonyl group, or a benzyl group, and n has an average value of 3 to 25.
As mentioned, "a" of the coalescent agent represented by formula I is an alkylene oxide. The examples provide that "a" is a monomeric structural unit derived from propylene oxide, butylene oxide, or a combination thereof. As used herein, "monomeric building block" means a portion of a polymer structure, such as "a," that results from a reaction that forms a polymer.
One or more embodiments provide that "a" of the coalescing agent represented by formula I is a homopolymer. For example, "a" may be a monomeric structural unit derived from propylene oxide or butylene oxide. One or more embodiments provide that "a" is formed without utilizing propylene oxide. One or more embodiments provide that "a" is formed without using butylene oxide.
One or more embodiments provide that "a" of the coalescing agent represented by formula I is a copolymer. For example, "a" may be a monomeric structural unit derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide. The monomeric structural units derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide can be in a block distribution, a random distribution, or a combination thereof. In other words, the copolymer may be a block copolymer or a random copolymer.
When "a" is a monomeric structural unit derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide, a weight ratio of propylene oxide to butylene oxide of 10:1 to 0.1:1 can be utilized to form "a". Including all individual values and subranges from 10:1 to 0.1: 1; for example, "A" may be formed using a weight ratio of propylene oxide to butylene oxide having a lower limit of 0.1:1, 0.5:1, 0.75:1, or 1:1 to an upper limit of 10:1, 7:1, or 5: 1.
As mentioned, "n" of the coalescents represented by formula I is from 3 to 25. Including all individual values and subranges from 3 to 25; for example, "n" may range from a lower limit of 3, 5, or 7 to an upper limit of 25, 23, or 21.
The number average molecular weight of the coalescing agent represented by formula I may be from 300 to 1800 g/mol. Including all individual values and subranges from 300 to 1800 g/mol; for example, the number average molecular weight of the coalescing agent represented by formula I may range from a lower limit of 300, 350, 400, 450, or 500g/mol to an upper limit of 1800, 1600, 1400, or 1200 g/mol.
The aqueous coating composition may include from 0.5 to 15 weight percent of the coalescent agent represented by formula I, based on the total weight of the coalescent agent and binder solids. All individual values and subranges from 0.5 to 15 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition may include a coalescent represented by formula I in an amount from a lower limit of 0.5, 1.0, or 3.0 wt% to an upper limit of 15, 10, or 8 wt%, based on the total weight of coalescent and binder solids.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein include water. The aqueous coating composition may include 30 to 90 wt% water, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 30 to 90 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition can include water in an amount ranging from a lower limit of 30, 40, or 50 weight percent to an upper limit of 90, 80, or 70 weight percent, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may include a wetting agent, which may also be referred to as a surfactant and/or a dispersant. By "wetting agent" herein is meant a chemical additive that can reduce the surface tension and/or improve particle separation of the aqueous coating composition disclosed herein. Examples of wetting agents include, but are not limited to, ethanol ethoxylate wetting agents, polycarboxylate wetting agents, anionic wetting agents, zwitterionic wetting agents, nonionic wetting agents, and combinations thereof. Specific examples of wetting agents include sodium bis (tridecyl) sulfosuccinate, sodium bis (2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate, sodium dihexylsulfosuccinate, sodium dicyclohexyl sulfosuccinate, sodium diamyl sulfosuccinate, sodium diisobutyl sulfosuccinate, disodium isodecyl sulfosuccinate, disodium ethoxylated alcohol half ester of sulfosuccinic acid, disodium alkylamidopolyethoxy sulfosuccinate, tetrasodium N- (1, 2-dicarboxyethyl) -N-octadecyl sulfosuccinate, disodium N-octasulfosuccinate, sulfated ethoxylated nonylphenol, and 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, and the like. Examples of commercially available wetting agents include, for example, ECOSURF available from the Dow chemical companyTMEH-9, OROTAN from Dow chemicalTMCA-2500, SURFYNOL 104 from winning (Evonik), BYK-346 and BYK-349 polyether modified siloxanes from ByK, and AMP-95 from Golden Gate Capitat, among others.
The aqueous coating composition may include 0.01 to 10 wt% of a wetting agent, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 0.01 to 10 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition can include a wetting agent in an amount ranging from a lower limit of 0.01, 0.1, 0.2, 1.0, or 2.0 wt% to an upper limit of 10, 8, 7, 5, 4, or 3 wt%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may include a freeze-thaw stabilizer. Examples of freeze-thaw stabilizers include alcohols, glycols, combinations thereof, and the like. Specific examples of freeze-thaw stabilizers include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerol (1,2, 3-trihydroxypropane), ethanol, methanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol, tristyrylphenol ethoxylate, and combinations thereof.
The aqueous coating composition may include 0.1 to 15 wt% of a freeze-thaw stabilizer, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 0.1 to 15 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition may include a freeze-thaw stabilizer in an amount ranging from a lower limit of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 wt% to an upper limit of 15, 10, or 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may include a colorant, which may also be referred to as a pigment. Various colorants can be utilized. The colorant can be a natural colorant, a synthetic colorant, an organic colorant, an inorganic colorant, or a combination thereof. Specific examples of colorants include titanium dioxide and polymeric pigments such as ROPAQUE available from the dow chemical companyTMUltra E, and the like.
The aqueous coating composition may include 0.5 to 45 weight percent of the colorant, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 0.5 to 45 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition can include a colorant in an amount ranging from a lower limit of 0.5, 1.0, or 5.0 wt% to an upper limit of 45, 30, or 25 wt%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may include a thickener, which may also be referred to as a filler and/or a rheology modifier. Examples of thickeners include, but are not limited to, calcium carbonate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), clay materials such as kaolin, acid derivatives, acid copolymers, Urethane Associative Thickeners (UAT), polyether urea polyurethanes (PEUPU), polyether polyurethanes (PEPU), and combinations thereof, thickeners such as Alkali Swellable Emulsions (ASE) such as sodium or ammonium neutralized acrylic polymers; hydrophobic modificationAlkali Swellable Emulsions (HASE) such as hydrophobically modified acrylic copolymers; associative thickeners such as hydrophobically modified ethoxylated urethane (HEUR); and cellulosic thickeners such as methyl cellulose ether, hydroxymethyl cellulose (HMC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose (HMHEC), sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (SCMC), sodium carboxymethyl 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, and 2-hydroxypropyl cellulose, and combinations thereof. Examples of business include the use of ACRYSOLTMTrade names, e.g. ACRYSOLTM TT-935、ACRYSOLTMDR-770 and ACRYSOLTMRM-2020NPR are those available from the Dow chemical company; and Natrosol 250HBR from Ashland (Ashland).
The aqueous coating composition may include 0.1 to 4 wt% of the thickener, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 0.1 to 4 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition can include from a lower limit of 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 wt% to an upper limit of 4, 3, or 2 wt% of the thickener, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein can include a matting agent. The matting agent can include various inorganic particles, organic particles, and combinations thereof, as known in the art. The matting agent may be a powder. Examples of matting agents include, but are not limited to, silica matting agents, diatomaceous earth, polyurea matting agents, polyacrylates, polyethylenes, polytetrafluoroethylene, and combinations thereof. Examples of commercial matting agents are commercially available matting agents that can include, for example, CILITE 499 available from World Minerals Co. Ltd, ACEMATT TS-100 and ACEMATT OK520 Silica matting agents available from winning creations, DEUTERON MK polyurea matting agents available from Deuteron, and micronized wax additives CERAFLOUR 929 and CERAFLOUR 920 available from Bick, SYLOID Silica 7000 available from Grace Davison.
The aqueous coating composition may include 0.1 to 10 wt% of the matting agent, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 0.1 to 10 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition can include a matting agent in an amount ranging from a lower limit of 0.1, 0.3, or 0.5 wt% to an upper limit of 10, 8, or 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein may include additional coating additives, as known in the art. Examples of additional coating additives include, but are not limited to, leveling agents; flow control agents such as silicones, fluorocarbons or cellulose; a supplement; a flattening agent; ultraviolet (UV) absorbers; hindered Amine Light Stabilizers (HALS); a phosphite salt; defoaming agents and antifoaming agents; anti-settling, anti-sagging and thickening aids; an anti-skinning agent; anti-drowning and anti-floating agents; bactericides, fungicides and mildewcides; corrosion inhibitors, combinations thereof, and the like. Various amounts of additional coating additives may be used for different applications.
The aqueous coating composition may include 0.1 to 10 weight percent of additional coating additives, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition. All individual values and subranges from 0.1 to 10 weight percent are included; for example, the aqueous coating composition may include from a lower limit of 0.1, 0.15, or 0.2 wt% to an upper limit of 10, 9, or 8 wt%, based on the total weight of the aqueous coating composition, of an additional coating additive.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein can be formed by known methods; the aqueous coating composition can be prepared using known equipment and reaction conditions.
For example, forming the aqueous coating composition may include a milling stage. For the milling stage, many of the components of the aqueous coating composition, such as pigments and other materials that may not be homogenized under low shear mixing and/or selected for particle size reduction, may be combined with water and milled and/or dispersed, for example, by a mill under high shear conditions. Other components may be utilized in the grinding stage, such as defoamers and/or wetting agents, and the like.
The milling stage may provide that the resulting particles have an average particle size of from 0.1 μm to 100 μm. All individual values and subranges from 0.1 μm to 100 μm are included; for example, the resulting particles may have an average particle size ranging from a lower limit of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 μm to an upper limit of 100, 75, or 50 μm.
After the grinding stage, a discharge stage may be performed. The output from the grinding stage, e.g., various ground and/or dispersed components of the aqueous coating composition, can be combined with the remaining components used to form the aqueous coating composition. The discharge stage may utilize, for example, low shear mixing.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein can be used to form coatings. These coatings can be used in many different coating applications, such as industrial coating applications, architectural coating applications, automotive coating applications, outdoor furniture coating applications, and the like.
The aqueous coating compositions disclosed herein can be applied to a substrate via any method, such as to one or more surfaces of an article or structure. Such methods include, but are not limited to, spray coating, dip coating, roll coating, and any other conventional techniques generally known to those skilled in the art. The surface of such structures to be coated with the aqueous coating composition may comprise concrete, wood, metal, plastic, glass, drywall, and the like. When applying the aqueous coating composition, known equipment, components and conditions may be utilized.
After application to a substrate, the aqueous coating composition may be cured, e.g., dried, to form a coating. The coating may form one or more layers of different thicknesses for different applications.
Advantageously, the coatings disclosed herein may have one or more properties that are desirable for various applications. For example, the coatings disclosed herein may have improved scrub resistance compared to coatings formed from other compositions, such as when the coatings are dried within a particular temperature range. For example, the coatings disclosed herein may have improved scrub resistance when dried at a temperature of 15 ℃ or less than 15 ℃ (e.g., -25 to 15 ℃ or-20 to 10 ℃). As used herein, the term "scrub resistance" refers to the number of scrub cycles required to erode a coating from a substrate. Scrub resistance can be determined according to GB/T9266-2009.
Further, the coatings disclosed herein may have improved, i.e., greater long-term hardness development, compared to coatings formed from other compositions. For example, the coatings disclosed herein may have improved hardness development at 96 hours, e.g., when the hardness of the coating is determined from the application of the coating for 96 hours, 168 hours, and 240 hours. Providing improved long-term hardness development is advantageous for many applications.
Examples of the invention
In examples, various terms and names of materials are used, including, for example, the following:
ECOSURFTMEH-9 (alcohol alkoxylate wetting agent, available from dow chemical); propylene glycol (freeze-thaw stabilizer, available from SinoPharma co.ltd)); BYK-024 (antifoam, available from bike); AMP-95(pH modifier/dispersant, available from Kinmen capital); OROTANTMCA-2500 (dispersant, available from the Dow chemical company); ROCIMATMCF-1100 (germicide, available from the Dow chemical company); natrosol 250HBR (thickening agent, available from ashland); titanium dioxide (colorant); matting agent (acemantt TS-100, obtained from winning wound); calcined kaolin DB-80 (filler); calcium carbonate CC-700 (filler); PRIMLTMAC-268 (adhesive, available from Dow chemical Co.); ROPAQUETMUltra E (polymeric pigment, opaque polymer, available from Dow chemical company); ACRYSOLTMTT-935 (thickener, available from the Dow chemical company); ACRYSOLTMDR-770 (thickener, available from Dow chemical Co.); KATHONTMLXE (germicide, available from dow chemical company); ACRYSOLTMRM-2020NPR (rheology modifier, available from the Dow chemical company); UCARTMFilmer IBT (commercial coalescent, available from the Dow chemical company); optifilm Enhancer OE-400 (commercial coalescent, available from Eastman).
Alkoxylating butylene oxide and propylene oxide to provide a coalescent agent represented by formula I:
R1-O-(A)n-R2
wherein R is1Is straight chain C4Aliphatic radical, R2Is a hydrogen radical, A is a monomeric structural unit derived from propylene oxide and butylene oxide, and n has an average value of 9. The number average molecular weight of the coalescent was 665g/mol as determined by hydroxyl number measurement. Based on commercial product DOWANOLTM TPnB(C4-(PO)3Purchased from DowChemical company) was prepared and then subjected to the additional step of butoxylation using KOH as a catalyst under known alkoxylation conditions. C is to be4-(PO)3Added to the reactor with KOH (6000 ppm active weight, aqueous solution, 50 wt.%); the reactor was closed and the contents were stirred at 250rpm and heated to 80 ℃. Vacuum was applied while maintaining the contents of the reactor at 80 ℃ to remove residual water from the reactor. The contents of the reactor were then heated to 120 ℃ and butylene oxide was slowly added to the reactor while maintaining the reactor pressure less than 4.5 bar. After the addition of butylene oxide, the contents of the reactor were kept at 120 ℃ for digestion; the pressure of the reactor was monitored until the pressure approached the initial pressure (before adding BO) and stabilized for 2 hours. The reactor was then purged three times with nitrogen and vacuum to remove any residual butylene oxide. The contents of the reactor were then cooled to 60 ℃ and neutralized with acetic acid to provide a coalescing agent represented by formula I.
The Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) was determined as follows. Samples 1 and 2, comparative sample a and comparative sample B, respectively, containing the coalescing agent represented by formula I were prepared as follows. Incorporating varying amounts of a coalescing agent of formula I and PRIMALTMDC-420 to provide samples 1-2, respectively; UCARTMFILMER IBT and PRIMLTMDC-420 was combined as comparative sample A; and Optifilm Enhancer OE-400 and PRIMALTMDC-420 was combined as comparative sample B.
Each of samples 1-2 and comparative samples A-B was stored at about 20 ℃ for 24 hours; each sample was then applied separately to the plastic film of a RHOPOINT MFFT-90 apparatus having a 75 μm wet film. After 2 hours, the appearance of the film was observed and the temperature at which the film broke was determined. Using clean PRIMLTMThe DC-420 sample determined a baseline MFFT at 33 ℃. The results are reported in tables 1 and 2.
TABLE 1
The data in table 1 demonstrate that sample 1 has an improved, i.e., reduced, minimum film forming temperature at a load of 3 wt.% compared to each of comparative examples a and B. The reduced minimum film forming temperature provided by sample 1 illustrates that an aqueous coating composition comprising a binder and a coalescent agent represented by formula I will likewise have an improved, i.e., reduced, minimum film forming temperature compared to other compositions.
TABLE 2
The data in table 2 demonstrate that sample 2 has an improved, i.e., lower, minimum film forming temperature at a load of 5 wt.% compared to comparative sample a. The reduced minimum film forming temperature provided by sample 2 illustrates that an aqueous coating composition comprising a binder and a coalescent agent represented by formula I will likewise have an improved, i.e., reduced, minimum film forming temperature compared to other compositions.
Example 1, an aqueous coating composition, was formed as follows. Deionized water (165 g), propylene glycol (12 g), OROTANTMCA-2500(7.5 g), ECOSURFTMEH-9(1.5 g) and BYK-024(1.0 g) were added to the vessel and mixed by a disperger at about 400rpm for 2 minutes. Natrosol 250HBR (1.5 grams) was added to the contents of the vessel, which was mixed at about 400rpm for 2 minutes. AMP-95(1.5 g) was added to the contents of the vessel, which was mixed at about 400rpm for 10 minutes. Adding titanium dioxide (200 grams), calcined kaolin DB-80(35 grams), calcium carbonate CC-700(50 grams), and a matting agent (35 grams) to the contents of the container and mixing at about 2000rpm for 30 minutes to provide particles of the contents of the container having a size of less than or equal to 50 μm; an increase in viscosity was observed. Then PRIMLTMAC-268(280 grams), BYK-024(1 gram) and KATHONTMLXE (2 g) was added to the contents of the vessel and mixed at about 1800rpm for 10 minutes. AMP-95(0.5 g), ROPAQUE were then addedTMUltra E (70 g), ACRYSOLTMTT-935(3.5 grams), ACRYSOLTMDR-770(5 g), ACRYSOLTMRM-2020NPR (10 grams) and deionized water (100.5 grams) were added to the contents of the vesselIt was mixed at about 300rpm for 10 minutes. The contents of the container are divided into three equal portions: the coalescing agent represented by formula I (4 wt% of the coalescing agent represented by formula I based on the total weight of the coalescing agent and binder solids) was added to the first part to provide example 1.
Comparative example A was formed as in example 1, with the modification that UCAR was utilizedTMFilmer IBT instead of the coalescing agent represented by formula I; according to UCARTMUCAR based on the total weight of FILMER IBT solids and waterTMWeight percent solids of FILMER IBT are shown below.
Comparative example B was formed as in example 1, with the modification that an Optifilm Enhancer OE-400 solid was utilized instead of the coalescing agent represented by formula I; the weight percent of Optifilm Enhancer OE-400 solids, based on the total weight of Optifilm Enhancer OE-400 and water, is shown below.
The heat storage stability is determined according to GB/T20623-2006. Example 2(200 g), comparative example a (200 g) and comparative example B (200 g) were sealed in respective containers and placed in an oven (50 ± 2 ℃) for 14 days; then keeping the corresponding container at 23 +/-2 ℃ for 3 hours; the corresponding viscosity is then measured using a Stormer (Stormer) viscometer. The results are reported in table 3.
TABLE 3
The data in table 3 demonstrate that example 1 has improved heat storage stability as evidenced by relatively small viscosity changes compared to comparative examples a and B, which become too viscous to determine viscosity.
Freeze-thaw stability was determined according to GB/T20623-2006. Example 1(200 g), comparative example A (200 g) and comparative example B (200 g) were sealed in respective containers and left in a refrigerator (-5. + -. 2 ℃ C.) for 18 hours; the respective containers were then kept at room temperature for 6 hours; this cycle was repeated 3 times. The corresponding viscosity was then measured using a stormer viscometer. Then, as described, two further cycles were carried out and the corresponding viscosities were measured again. The results are reported in table 4.
TABLE 4
The data in table 4 demonstrate that example 1 has improved freeze-thaw stability, as evidenced by relatively small viscosity changes, compared to comparative examples a and B after 3 cycles of freezing and thawing at-6 ℃. The data in table 4 demonstrate that example 1 has improved freeze-thaw stability, as evidenced by relatively small viscosity changes, compared to comparative examples a and B after 5 cycles of freezing and thawing at-6 ℃.
Scrub resistance was determined according to GB/T9266-2009. Example 1 was coated on two sets of non-asbestos fiber cement boards with a thickness of 100 μm; the first set of panels was then dried at 5 ℃ for 7 days and the second set of panels was dried at 20 ℃ for 7 days to provide example 2, a coating. Comparative examples C-D were formed as in example 2, with the variation that comparative examples A-B were used instead of example 1, respectively. The brushes were pretreated according to GB/T9266-2009. After a given scrubbing time, the scrubbing test is performed by visually inspecting the coating, or is stopped until the coating disappears. In a portion of the scrub test, for those coated panels that were dried at room temperature for 7 days, a special scrub medium (10 g per 400 rubs) was added to speed up the test. The results are reported in table 5.
TABLE 5
The data in table 5 illustrates that the example 2 coating formed from example 1 has improved scrub resistance for the coating dried at 5 ℃, as compared to coating comparative examples C and D, as evidenced by relatively more scrubbing times.
The data in table 5 also illustrate that for coatings dried at room temperature, example 2, the coating formed from example 1, had improved scrub resistance as compared to coating comparative example D, as evidenced by a relatively greater number of scrubs, and comparable scrub resistance as compared to coating comparative example C.
Hardness development was determined as follows. Example 1 for forming example 3, a coating; comparative example B was used to form comparative example E, a coating. The Koenig (Koenig) hardness values at various cure times were determined according to ASTM D2134-95. The results are reported in table 6.
TABLE 6
The data in table 6 demonstrate that example 3, the coating formed from example 1, has an improved, i.e., greater, hardness development for 96 hours and longer cure times compared to coating comparative example E. Long periods of time (e.g., 96 hours and longer) with this improvement are advantageous for many applications.
The data in table 6 also illustrate that example 3, the coating formed from example 1, has a comparable hardness development as compared to coating comparative example E for cure times equal to and less than 72 hours.
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